1.Cellular Structure Cell Biology / Genetics Mr. Foster

2. Components of Cells

Nucleus -

2. Outer Boundary-

3.Cytoplasm / Organelles -cellular contentsandspecialized structures that carry out functions of the cell

3. Nucleus

Prokaryote - cell w/o nucleus

• (DNA in neucleoid)

Eukaryote - cell with nucleus

Functions

• Contains genetic inform.

• Control Center- directs all cellular activity

4. Nucleus (cont.)

Structure / Components-

• Nuclear envelope-regulate what enters and leaves nucleus ( Nuclear pores )

• Nucleolus -makes ribosomes

• Genetic Material- DNA

• • Chromatin DNA uncoiled, threadlike,Not Divisional

• • ChromosomesDNA is condensed,Divisional

• Nucleoplasm-fluid inside nucleus

Clicker ?s 1-5 5. Outer Boundary

Cell membrane -lipid bilayer with embedded proteins forming a selective boundary

All cells have a cell membrane

Cell wall

Plants and bacteria

6. Cell Membrane (cont.)

Structure- Fluid Mosaic Model

• Phospholipids

• • Phospholipid bilayer

• • forms membrane

Lipid - does not like H 2 O (hydrophobic) Phosphate - likes H 2 O (hydrophilic) 7.

Structure (cont.)

• 2. Proteins

• Integral Proteins- embedded in phospholipid bilayer

• Peripheral protein

• not embedded in bilayer

Cell Membrane (cont.) Clicker ?s 6-9 8.

Structure (cont.)

• 3.Carbohydrates- attach to proteins (glycoprotein) or lipids (glycolipid)

• Cell communication

• recognize cell type

Cell Membrane (cont.) 9.

Structure (cont.)

4.Cytoskeletonsupports the membrane

a.microfilaments-strength, anchor cells

b.microtubules mvmt.

c.intermediate filamentsnot always present, a lot in skin, strong framework

(Disease where cells collapse: pg 31)

Cell Membrane (cont.) 10. Cytoskeleton

Functions

• Support and protect cell

• Communicate with other cells

• Controls mvmt. of materials in and out of cell.

• • Selectively Permeable

Clicker ?s 10-13 11. Cell Transport

Passive energy not required to move material across membrane

• Diffusion molecules move from high to low concentration to reach equilibrium

• Osmosis type of diffusion involving H 2 O molecules only

12. Cell Transport (cont.)

Active Energy required to move materials across membrane

Low to High concentration

• Ion pumps/Channels - Cl - , Na + , K + , Ca +

• Endocytosis / Exocytosis

• membrane forms pockets to

• move material

13. Ion pumps 14. Endocytosis / Exocytosis Clicker ?s 14-17 15. Cytoplasm / Organelles

Cytoplasm space between nucleus and cell membrane

• Cytosol semitransparent; jellylike substance that surrounds organelles

Organelles little organ

16. Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum-

• Transports materials through inside of cell

• Modifies proteins and quality control center

Types of ER

• Rough ER

• • Has ribosome attached

• • Proteins to be sent outside cell

• Smooth ER

• • No ribosomes

• • Make lipids, detox cell

Smooth or Rough? 17. Organelles (cont.)

Ribosome -

• Synthesize proteins

• Free vs. attached

18.

Mitochondria

• Provides energy for the cellATP

• • Cellular respiration

• Own DNA

• Endosymbiont Theory

• • Free living organism that

• • entered a relationship w/

• • Nucleated cells

• Inherited from mother only

• Folds increase surface

• area

Organelles (cont.) 19. Organelles (cont.)

Golgi Apparatus-( Golgi bodies) modifies, sorts, and ships proteins in packages calledvesicles .

Clicker ? 18-22 What is this? 20. Organelles (cont.)

Lysosomes

• Membrane bounded sacs that contain enzymes

• Clean up cell

• Lysosomal Storage disease

• (Tay Sachs)- missing the

• enzyme that breaks down the

• lipid that surrounds the nerve

• cell

• Buries the nervous system

21. 22.

Peroxisomes

• Sac that contain enzymes

• that detoxifies harmful

• products

• H 2 O 2 H 2 O

• Alcohol

• Abundant in liver cells

Organelles (cont.) 23.

Centrioles

• Composed of microtubules

• Contained in specialized

• region =centrosome

• Function in cell division

• • Organize spindle fibers

Organelles (cont.) Clicker ? 23-26