Cellular Respiration All living things

need energy Energy in the form

of…

Food=chemical energy

Cell

energy=ATP

Eukaryote vs Prokaryote Glycolytic pathways

Prokaryotes Lack mitochondria?? Free enzymes break

down glucose-ATP

1 glucose=2 ATP No O2 needed so…

ANAEROBIC Some,however…???

Quiz-anaerobic gylcolysis Where in the cell does

gylcolysis occur? Fate of glucose in the

beginning of gylcolysis? Explain “it takes energy

to make energy”?? How much net ATP is

made? What else is made? 2 types of fermentation?

Cytoplasm

Fructose (isomer) Invest 2 ATP get 4

Net= 2 ATP CO2 + NADH Lactate or alcohol

Mitochondrial structure Two

compartments inner and outer

Inner=MATRIX Lotsa folds=…

why?

Outer=acid…why?

The Mitochondria Double membrane Has it’s own DNA!! Can reproduce in

cell…! Endosymbiont?? Possible

evolution?

Possible evolution of mitochondria-endosymbiont

The Fate of PYRUVATE Taken into mitochondria Broken down to ACETATE CO2 produced

Binds to large protein Coenzyme A to produce acetyl Coenzyme A

The TCA or KREBS CYCLE

CO2 NADH & FADH

2 more ATP

Krebs Cycle

Quiz-Krebs cycle (TCA cycle)

What are the reactants? What is produced?

What do we mean by nonmembrane reactions?

What is NADH? FADH? What is CoA and why is it

important?

Pyruvate (C3) 2 ATP, CO2, NADH,

FADH

Enzymes not embedded

Energy carriers Escort molecule to

Krebs cycle

3rd alternative pathway… Mitochondria and O2 needed Uses NADH and

FADH produced in previous reactions

To make more ATP

Lots more!!

What is NADH?? FADH?? ENERGY CARRIER! Same for FADH Carrier to…?

Electron Transport System ETS (cytochrome

chain) is a series of reduction/oxidation reactions

Enzymes embedded in mitochondrial membranes

ETS--Chemiosmosis RedOx reactions

pump H+ out of matrix to…

Outer compartment

H+ = acid…aha!

Chemiosmosis H+ can only “fall” back into matrix

thru A special enzyme/protein complex ATP SYNTHASE…guess what that

makes?? But…how much ATP??

glycolysis

Alternatives to carbos? Fats (2X

calories/gm) but produce ketones

Protein produces ammonia!!

We utilize some of each but in small amounts

Why are virtually all living things aerobes??

There’s lotsa O2 Mitochondria MORE

ATP/glucose! Protective

enzymes (SOD, catalase, etc)

Summary Quiz What are the reactants of aerobic

respiration?? Products? Equation? List the three respiratory stages:

Where in the cell do each occur? What are the products of each?

Why is oxygen needed? How much ATP is produced by

Anaerobic gylcolysis? Aerobic glycolysis?

List the 2 types of fermentation??