Cell Organelles

http://vimeo.com/37107992

Prokaryotic Cells

• First cell type on earth• Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea

Prokaryotic Cells

• No membrane bound nucleus• Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration• Organelles not bound by membranes

Eukaryotic Cells• Nucleus bound by membrane• Include fungi, protists, plant,

and animal cells• Possess many organelles

Protozoan

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Parts

• Cells – the basic unit of life

• Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.

Analogy – City of Franklin

A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane

Analogy – Franklin city limits

1. Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.

2. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins

Cell membrane

B) Cytoplasm

1. Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

2. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus

Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Franklin, except City Hall

Cytoplasm

C) Nucleus

1. Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions.

2. Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA

Analogy – City Hall

Nucleus

D) Nuclear Envelope

Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus.

2. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids

Nuclear Envelope

E) Nucleolus

Analogy – The Mayor

1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins.

2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA

Nucleolus

F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid

Analogy – The Laws or City Code

1. Function: information on how to make proteins.

2. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus

DNA (chromatin)

G) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

1. Function: Transportation route for proteins.

a. Rough ER: has ribosomes

b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes

2. Structure: tubes and channels

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic Reticulum

H) Ribosomes

Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

1. Function: Makes proteins.

2. Structure: small circular organelles

Ribosomes

Free Ribosomes

I) Vacuoles & Vesicles

Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste.

2. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle.

Vesicles

Vacuole

J) Lysosomes

Analogy – Recycling center

1. Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell.

2. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles

Lysosomes

K) Mitochondria

Analogy – Franklin Electric Plant Board

1. Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”

2. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria

L) Golgi Apparatus

Analogy – Post Office

1. Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell.

2. Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus

N) Centrioles (Animals Only)

Analogy – Franklin Elementary, Simpson Elementary, Lincoln Elementary

1. Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division.

2. Structure: Tubules

Centrioles

O) Cilia & Flagella

Analogy – Cars or bicycles.

1. Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell.

2. Structure:

a. Flagella – 1 long fiber

b. Cilia – many short fibers

FlagellaFlagella Cilia

P) Chloroplasts (Plants only)

Analogy – Solar Panels

1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar).

2. Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll

Chloroplasts

Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)

Analogy – ground, rock wall

1. Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant.

2. Structure: Made of cellulose

Cell Wall