Cell Organelles and Organization

What to consider?

Prokaryote- organisms that lack nuclei (bacteria)

Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei (plants and animals)

CELL WALL

Location: outside perimeter Found in prokaryotes and

plants Function: gives cells its

shape and protection

Cell Membrane

Location: Outside perimeter Also called Plasma

Membrane Prokaryotes, Plants, &

Animals Function: controls what

enter and leaves the cell

Structure of Cell Membrane

Selectively Permeable: pick and chose what is allowed to enter/exit

Nucleus

Plants and Animals Function: Control center for metabolism and reproduction

Nucleolus

Inside nucleus Plants and Animals Function: makes ribosomes

Nuclear Envelope:

Surrounds the nucleus Plants and Animals

Allows things to enter and exit nucleus

Chromatin/Chromosomes

Inside nucleus Plants and Animals Function: DNA

Cytoplasm

Location: Jelly-like substance in between cell membrane and nucleus

Plants and Animals & Prokaryotes

Function: metabolism

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Plants and Animals Function: highway of cell; moves material from one end to the next

Two Types:

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): ribosomes attached

Smooth ER: no ribosomes

Ribosomes

Plants and Animals Function: makes proteins

Goligi Bodies or Complex Plants and

Animals Looks like a

flattened stack of pancakes

Modify and transport proteins to parts of the cell

Lysosome

Plants and Animals

Garbage disposal; break down food or bacteria

Mitochondria

Plants and Animals

Powerhouse of cell

Produces energy for the cell

Microtubules

Eukaryotes (plants and animals)

Gives cell shape

Microfilaments

Eukaryotes (plants and animals)

Involved with cell movement

Cilia and Flagella

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (plants and animals)

Function: Hair-like structures for movement

Cilia and Flagella Cilia Flagella

Vacuoles

Plants: one large Animals: several small ones

Function: digest food or remove excess water (similar to sponge)

Plastids

Plants only

Two types:1. Leucoplasts: starch storage2. Chromoplasts: pigments for

color

Chloroplast

Type of chromoplast Contains chlorophyll; site for photosynthesis

Grana and stoma are part of chloroplast

Endosymbiosis

Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were really once bacteria or prokaryotes

Centrioles

Inside cells Eukaryotes (plants and animals) Function: cellular division

Organization of Cells in Living Things:

Unicellular Organisms

Example: bacteria, fungi, algae

Able to carry on all life processes

Usually colonial organisms

Multicellular Organisms

Cells---Tissues---Organ---Organ Systems

Tissue

Group of cells that are similar and perform same function

Types: epithelial (skin), connective (bone), and muscle to name a few

Organ

Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

EX: Stomach, Liver

Organ System

Group of organs that work together to perform a function

EX: digestive system

Critical Thinking Question

Why do you think the cells of all multicellular organisms are specialized?