Cell Division. DNA Replication and Cell Division DNA must replicate so that during cell division,...
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Transcript of Cell Division. DNA Replication and Cell Division DNA must replicate so that during cell division,...
![Page 1: Cell Division. DNA Replication and Cell Division DNA must replicate so that during cell division, the new cells formed each receive a complete set of.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649d355503460f94a0d3d5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Division
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DNA Replication and Cell Division
DNA must replicate so that during cell division, the new cells formed each receive a complete set of genetic information
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Cells must divide for:• reproduction (e.g. unicellular organisms)• growth (e.g. 1 fertilized egg --> human of ~100
trillion cells)• healing and tissue repair (e.g to replace dead or
damaged cells)
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Mitosis
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells
Mitosis refers to the process of dividing the nuclear material
Cytokinesis refers to the process of separating the cytoplasm and its contents into equal parts
The cell cycle consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
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Interphase G1 phase: cell grows
S phase: DNA is replicated
G2 phase: cell prepares for mitosis
DNA is visible in the nucleus as strands called chromatin
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Phase 1 of Mitosis: Prophase Centrioles move to
opposite poles of the cell
Chromatin condenses and shortens into chromosomes
Spindle fibres form between the centrioles
Nuclelar membrane starts to dissolve
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Phase 2 of Mitosis: Metaphase Spindle fibres attached
to centrioles pull chromosomes into place
Chromosomes line up across the equator of the cell
Centromeres hold the chromosomes perpendicular to the spindle fibres
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Phase 3 of Mitosis: Anaphase Chromatids (single-
stranded chromosomes) separate at the centromere
Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibres
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Phase 4 of Mitosis: Telophase
Two nuclear envelopes form
Single-stranded chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin
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Cytokinesis
occurs after telophase: organelles are distributed between the two daughter cells and the cell membrane pinches inward
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Summary
Interphase Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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Mitosis in Onion Root Cells