Cell biology 2Cell biology 2- Organization of the Cell- Organization of the Cell

Cell biology 2Cell biology 2- Organization of the Cell- Organization of the Cell

Sung Youn Lee, PhD. StudentSung Youn Lee, PhD. StudentVeterinary collage, Room 320Veterinary collage, Room 32002 450 3719, 016 293 605902 450 3719, 016 293 6059

leevet@paran.comleevet@paran.com

Contents Clinical Case Why should we learn about cells? Cell Structure Tools of the Cell Biologist Clinical Case Discussion

Clinical Case Patient: Cat, domestic shorthair, 3 years old Presenting Signs and Complaints: Gone for 1

0 days, returned showing labored breathing Shallow rapid respirations: no lung sounds a

usculated; dull chest on percussion Radiograph: Bilateral fluid in chest Problem List: 1. Fluid in chest. 2. Dyspnea

Why should we learn about cells?

To obtain passing grades in histology, pathology, biochemistry, etc

The pathologic changes were due to malfunctions in cells.

Rudolph Ludwig Carl Virchow, 1821–1902

Why should we learn about cells?

Increased knowledge of cells and disease will lead to clinical advances such as new vaccines, immunomodulatory drugs that either heighten or suppress the activity of the immune system, new drugs for fighting viral infections and specifically for destroying cancerous growths, more effective diagnostic reagents, and, perhaps, the ability to replace damaged or lacking genes within cells with healthy copies.

Cell Structure

Animal cell structure

ProtoplasmCytoplasmCytosol

Organelles• Nucleus, Mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, L

ysosomes, Peroxisomes, Cytoskeleton, Plasma membrane

• About ½ the total volume of the cytoplasm• Cytosol comprises water, ions, amino acids, n

ucleotides, proteins, glucose, ATP, etc.

Mitochondria• Similar to bacteria in size and shape• Contain their own mitochondrial DNA

and making proteins• They reproduce by dividing into two• Contain the machinery for cellular

respiration

ER (Endoplasmic reticulum)

• Consists of flattened sheets, sacs, and tubes of membranes throughout the cytoplasm

• Responsible for protein synthesis (RER) and lipid synthesis (SER)

Golgi apparatus• A stack of flattened sacs• Involved in the modification and

transport of molecules

Lysosomes• Contains enzymes required for

intracellular digestion

Peroxisomes• Membrane-bound organelles• Hydrogen peroxide is generated

and degraded

Cytoskeleton• Gives the cell its shape, its capacity to move,

and its ability to transport organelles and vescles from one part of the cell cytoplasm to another.– Microfilament (7-8 nm)– Intermediate (10 nm)– Microtubules (24nm)– Spectrin-based membrane skeleton

Thank you for your attention ~Thank you for your attention ~