Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Healey Greave Wood ......Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Healey...

Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage

Healey Greave Wood, Shelley:

An Archaeological Woodland Survey Pennine Prospects

Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Project

Report No: PP48/210830

Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Healey Greave Wood, Shelley: An Archaeological Woodland Survey

Report No: PP48/210830 1

Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage

Healey Greave Wood, Shelley:

An Archaeological Woodland Survey

Pennine Prospects

August 2020

Report No: PP48/210830

Compiled by

Dr Courtenay-Elle Crichton-Turley BA (Hons), MA

Edited by

Christopher Atkinson BA (Hons), MA

Heritage and Landscape Development Manager, Pennine Prospects

This report was produced for Kirklees Borough Council

Pennine Prospects

Hebden Bridge Canal & Visitor Centre

Hebden Bridge

West Yorkshire

HX7 8AF



Contents Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 3

1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4

2.0 Location and Geology .................................................................................................................. 5

3.0 Aims and Purpose of Assessment ................................................................................................. 8

4.0 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 9

5.0 Historical and Archaeological Background .................................................................................. 12

5.1 Historical Background ............................................................................................................ 12

5.2 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) ...................................................................................... 18

5.3 Archaeological Background .................................................................................................... 23

6.0 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 28

7.0 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 37

8.0 Management Recommendations ............................................................................................... 38

8.1 General Guidelines................................................................................................................. 38

8.2 Mitigation .............................................................................................................................. 40

8.3 Specific Guidelines ................................................................................................................. 40

9.0 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 42

10.0 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 43

11.0 List of illustrations.................................................................................................................... 46

Appendix 1: Survey Database .......................................................................................................... 48

Appendix 2: Distribution Map .......................................................................................................... 57

Appendix 3: Digital Archive ............................................................................................................ 58

Appendix 4: About the Author and Pennine Prospects ..................................................................... 59



Summary

This report discusses the results of an archaeological woodland survey of the

Kirklees Borough Council owned property of Healey Greave Wood, located within

the Parish of Kirkburton and associated with the historic village of Shelley. The

woodland is recognised as an area of ancient semi-natural woodland covering an

area of approximately 4.2 hectares (10.6 acres).

The survey was undertaken in March 2017 and formed part of the Celebrating Our

Woodland Heritage project led by Pennine Prospects and funded by the National

Lottery Heritage Fund, Newground Together, Yorkshire Water and the Green Bank

Trust.

The Level 1 (Reconnaissance) survey identified 19 previously unrecorded features of

archaeological significance within Healey Greave Wood. Principally these features

related to the enclosure of the woodland and the provision of access via a network of

trackways. Evidence for mineral extraction in the form of quarries within the south of

the woodland, as well as evidence for water management in the form of a pond and

associated ditch was also identified. Analysis of the available LiDAR data suggests

at one time the wood and or timber resource of Healey Greave Wood may have

supported the charcoal industry within neighbouring Shelley Wood. This evidence

by what appear to be charcoal burning platforms within Shelley Wood. Both

woodlands are adjoining and connected a track network.

All of the features identified are of local significance.



1.0 Introduction

This report has been compiled as part of the Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage

project. This three year project (2016-2019) is jointly funded by Yorkshire Water,

Heritage Lottery Fund, Green Bank Trust and Newground Together and aims to

identify, record and interpret the historic environment of woodlands across the South

Pennines (National Character Area 36 – Natural England, 2014).

Led by Pennine Prospects, the project recognises as a result of a desk-based study

‘Hidden Heritage of the South Pennine Woodlands’ (Brown, 2013), that … “number

of sites recorded on the HER (Historic Environment Record) does not represent the

true nature of the surviving archaeological resource”. The report highlighted that this

underrepresentation (and general lack of knowledge) was the primary threat to

woodland archaeology.

The Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage project therefore seeks to enhance the

historic record for woodland across the South Pennines by means of a structured

programme of archaeological walkover surveys. Where appropriate these surveys

will provide the opportunity for members of the public, heritage and youth groups to

engage and contribute towards the investigations.

Archaeological features to be recorded within areas of woodland can represent the

whole of human history and use of the landscape. Features relating to the woodland

itself can include historic or veteran trees; woodland boundaries; charcoal burning

platforms; storage platforms; cottage sites; trackways and mills. Features may also

predate the current woodland and represent prehistoric-medieval field boundaries;

settlement sites or stones such as Bronze-Age cup and ring carvings.

The information collated during the field surveys will be deposited in the form of an

archaeological report (CIfA, 2017) and digital record to the landowner and the

regional Historic Environment Record. This data will not only guide future research

into the region, but also support and promote the preservation of the historic

environment as a part of any future management programmes within woodlands.



2.0 Location and Geology

Figure 1: Location of Healey Greave Wood survey in relation to neighbouring settlements. © Crown

Copyright. All rights reserved. Reference number [10001877]

Healey Greave Wood (NGR: 419515 411565) is located in the village of Shelley, in

the parish of Kirkburton, part of the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West

Yorkshire. The site forms part of a Green Belt Boundary, within the Fenay Beck

Valley (Wimpey 2017, 7), and is recognised as a site of broadleaved ancient semi-

natural woodland. It is located in the Yorkshire Southern Pennine Fringe National

Character Area (NCA), which is a transitional landscape from the upland areas of the

Southern Pennines NCA in the west through to the low-lying land of the

Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield NCA to the east (Natural

England 2013). The site forms part of the White Rose Forest.

The woodland lies approximately 1km (0.6mi) south of the village of Kirkburton and

1km (0.6mi) to the north of the village of Shelley. Healey Greave Wood straddles a

gentle northwest-southeast orientate ridgeline. At the summit of the ridgeline the

woodland occupies a height of 204m above sea level before descending to 180m



above sea level to the north. Though associated with the village of Shelley, the

woodland stands alone from domestic dwellings and is bound to the east, south and

west by a pattern of irregular and planned field enclosure delineated by drystone

walls. To the north the woodland adjoins the larger woodland of Shelley Wood.

Marking the western edge of Healey Greave Wood is Box Ings Lane, a bridleway

and historic trackway which served to connect the A629 (Penistone Road) to the

south with B61166 and Kirkburton to the north.

Figure 2: Healey Greave Wood survey area. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Reference

number [10001877]

The soils at Healey Greave Wood are identified as soilscape 17, which consists of

slowly permeable, seasonally wet, acid loamy, and clayey soils (Cranfield Soil and

Agrifood Institute 2018). The bedrock of Healey Greave Woods is comprised of

Kirkburton Sandstone a sedimentary bedrock formed approximately 318 to 319

million years ago during the Carboniferous Period when the local environment was

once dominated by swamps, estuaries and deltas (Natural Environment Research

Council 2019). Underlying this is bedrock of the Pennine Lower Coal Measures



Formation formed of mudstone, siltstone and sandstone during the in the

Carboniferous Period approximately 318 to 319 million years ago.

Figure 3: 1m Resolution Orthorectified Aerial Photograph (file:

Ortho_RGB_P00010681_20070729_20070729_1m_res): Contains public sector information licensed

under the Open Government Licence v3.0. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right

2020. All rights reserved

Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Healey Greave Wood: An Archaeological Woodland Survey

Report No: PP48-210830 8

3.0 Aims and Purpose of Assessment

This investigation forms a baseline record of the archaeological and historic features

contained within the property. The general aims of the archaeological woodland

survey described in this report were to:

1. Develop a history of land use for the property from readily available historic

and archaeological documentation.

2. Identify previously unrecorded archaeological features and sites across the

property.

3. Revisit and assess the condition of previously recorded archaeological

features and sites across the property.

4. Provide management recommendations concerning each of the historic

assets identified and recorded. This information will support any future

management works within the woodland.

5. Produce a database (Appendix 1) for use by the landowner and West

Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service’s Historic Environment Record.



4.0 Methodology

4.1 Location and Geology

Property information including any digital property mapping data was obtained from

the landowner. Data concerning the statutory and non-statutory conditions of land

and habitats both on and within the vicinity of the property was obtained from Natural

England and made available for commercial use under the Open Government

Licence. In addition the Natural England maintained MAGIC website was consulted.

The webpage provides authoritative geographic information about the natural

environment from across government. The information covers rural, urban, coastal

and marine environments across Great Britain.

Site geological and soil data was obtained online from the British Geological Survey

OpenGeoscience webpage and Soilscapes (Cranfield Soil and Agriculture Institute

2018). The data was downloaded and displayed using QGIS version 3.4.6-Madeira,

an Open Source Geographic Information System (GIS). Site maps were produced at

a scale to best illustrate the full extent of the woodland under investigation.

4.2 Historical and Archaeological Background

Previously collated historical and archaeological data concerning the site under

investigation (which includes a 200m buffer around the area) was obtained from

Lancashire County Council’s Historic Environment Record as well as a search of the

Heritage Gateway. Listed building; parks and gardens and scheduled monument

data was obtained from the National Heritage List for England and downloaded as

shapefiles from Historic England.

4.3 Map Regression

Historic map regression of woodlands will be undertaken as a means of identifying a

broad account of landscape change and use. Where possible the available map

coverage (which included 1st – 3rd Edition County Series Survey, 1st – 4th Edition

National Grid and land utilisation mapping) were georeferenced using QGIS version

3.4.6-Madeira and shapefiles produced to provide site specific data to map the

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

http://www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk/home.htm

http://www.bgs.ac.uk/opengeoscience/home.html?src=topNav

http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/

http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/data-downloads/



historic development of woodlands and the immediate surroundings. The Shapefiles

are included within the digital appendix.

4.4 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was consulted to support the historic map

regression and walkover survey elements. ‘Bare-earth’ Digital Terrain Model (DTM)

LiDAR tiles and Digital Surface Model (DSM) tiles at a resolution of 25cm were

downloaded from the DEFRA Survey Data Download webpage. The dataset

‘Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence

v3.0’. The tiles were converted from an American Standard Code for Information

Interchange (ASCII) format to a raster format using QGIS version 3.4.6-Madeira. The

tiles were merged to create a single raster layer, a hillshade algorithm was then

applied to create a model suitable for the analysis of the survey area and its

immediate surroundings.

One DSM and one DTM tile was analysed as part of this assessment. The ASCII

tiles consulted were:

25cm Resolution Digital Surface Model (DSM)

se1911_DTM_25CM

25cm Resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM)

se1911_DSM_25CM

The DTM was utilised as a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and rendered as a spectral

‘Singleband Pseudocolour’. This served to depict topographical heights through

differential colour shading (darker red = high ground and light blue = lowland).

Both the DSM and DTM were initially analysed as Slope Models (figure 9 and 10),

and then the DSM was singled out for hillshade analysis due to the sparse woodland

canopy at the time of the LiDAR survey. Hillshade represents the hypothetical

illumination of a surface. It is used to show subtle changes in topography by casting

shadows in the same way that earthworks can be highlighted by low-angled winter

sunlight. Figure 11: Represents a DSM hillshade where the Azimuth of the light is

set at 315 degrees and the Altitude of the light at 30 degrees above the horizon.

https://environment.data.gov.uk/DefraDataDownload/?Mode=survey



4.5 Level 1 Reconnaissance Survey (Field Survey)

The field survey was undertaken in March 2017. The investigation was systematic

(where possible), and the woodland was walked in transects. Linear features

encountered whilst walking each transect (such as relict field boundaries and

trackways) were recorded in their entirety, before continuing along the transect.

Each archaeological feature encountered (such as quarries, platforms and relict

boundaries), was recorded in a field notebook and transcribed into an EXCEL

spreadsheet (see Appendix 1). The information recorded included:

• Grid Reference (using a handheld Garmin GPSmap 64s)

• Site Name

• Site Type (i.e. cottage site; quarry; charcoal burning platform; trackway)

• Description (i.e. dimensions; interpretation)

• Period (i.e. prehistoric; roman; medieval; post-medieval; modern; unknown)

• Condition/Threat (i.e. erosion caused by livestock)

• Recommendations (management suggestions)

• Reference (i.e. photographic reference; historic map reference)

• Significance (i.e. Local – Regional – National)

4.6 Field Conditions

The survey area covered 4.2 hectares (10.6 acres) and was undertaken during cool,

clear, dry conditions. Ground conditions were largely dry with damp waterlogged areas

focused along the water course within the northeast of the woodland. Access across the

entirety of the woodland was prohibited by dense scrub (brambles) vegetation. As a result

some small areas of the woodland could not be surveyed.



5.0 Historical and Archaeological Background

5.1 Historical Background

The name Healey Greave is understood to be derived from ‘heah’ the old English for

a high place, and ‘leah’ a woodland clearing. (Smith, 1986). The woodland is

associated with the village of Shelley. ‘scelf leah’ is thought to derive from Old

English and Old Norwegian to mean ‘Glade or clearing on a shelving terrain’.

At the time of the Domesday Survey or ‘Great Survey’ of England and Wales

commissioned by King William I in 1086CE, the ‘vil’ or township of Shelley was

located within Agbrigg Wapentake, forming part of the Manor of Wakefield. At the

time it was held by one Ilbert (possibly Ilbert de Lacy) and is described as

representing 1 carucate of land (ed. Morris, 1986, 1Y15). A carucate (48.5 hectares

/ 120 acres) is a medieval measurement based on the amount of taxable land which

could be ploughed by one plough team in a single day. Of particular note is its

description as ‘Waste’; land which was either unusable or uncultivated, and not

taxed.

It appears to have been quickly granted off, after the Norman conquest (Morehouse

1861).

During the mid-19th century, Pigot and Co.’s (1841) records the industry in the

Parish of Kirk-Burton (which includes Shelley) as all ‘the same manufactures prevail

throughout, and at High Burton several of the inhabitants are occupied in the making

of edge tools. Population of Shelley about 1,400, and of Shepley nearly 1,000’.

Seven years later, Shelley had gained 372 more inhabitants and was comprised of

1400 acres. Individuals here were ‘chiefly employed in the manufacture of woollen-

cloths and fancy goods’ (Lewis 1848a). By the late 19th century the population had

reached 1,901 and the mining industries begin to be referred to in the written

sources ‘Real property, £4,035; of which £172 are in mines. Pop., 1,901. Houses,

383. The living is a p. curacy-Value, not reported. There are several woollen

manufactories, chapels for Independents, Baptists, and New Methodists, and an

endowed national school.’ (Wilson 1872b). Shelley was an urban district from 1894

until 1st April 1938, after which it became part of an enlarged Kirkburton Urban

District (Pattern 2018c).



Figure 4: Yorkshire 261 (includes: Emley; Kirkburton; Skelmanthorpe) Six-inch England and Wales,

surveyed between 1849 and 1850 and published in 1854

One of the earliest detailed maps of Healey Greave Wood is the Ordnance Survey

Yorkshire 261 Six-inch survey published in 1854 (figure 4). The survey indicates that

very little has altered when concerned with the extent of the woodland itself. Within

the interior, the woodland is connected with the site of Shelley Wood (located to the

northeast), by a network of trackways, which also appear to offer access to Box Ings

Lane to the west and a series of irregular enclosed fields to the east. The irregular

pattern of enclosure, particularly those fields adjoining the woodland to the east may

represent assart or adhoc enclosure of the woodland during the later medieval or

early post-medieval period. Elsewhere the fields to the south and west of the

woodland are far more planned and presumably post-medieval in date, possibly

relating to the enclosure of what were previously open fields.

Very little concerning the pattern of enclosure and woodland changes between later

survey publications until that of the1959 1:2500 First Edition National Grid where the

gradual expansion of the domestic suburb of Shelley is depict to the east (figure 8).



Figure 5: Excerpt of the 1893 1:2500 First Edition First County Series Survey



Figure 6: 1906 1:2500 First Revision First County Series Survey



Figure 7: 1916 1:2500 Second Revision First County Series Survey



Figure 8: 1959 1:2500 First Edition National Grid



5.2 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

The available OpenSource LiDAR Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface

Model (DSM) data obtained from the DEFRA Survey Data Download website

provided complete coverage of the Healey Greave Wood survey area to a resolution

of 25cm. This data was not only useful for understanding and mapping the historic

development of the valley, but it also supported the Level 1 Reconnaissance Survey;

helping to identify and support the interpretation of known and previously unrecorded

features of archaeological significance.

Figures 9 and 10 depict the DSM and DTM datasets as Slope Models. As a ‘Slope

Model’, this algorithm is particularly suited when investigating steep and undulating

terrain where relatively level features such as trackways and platforms and also

quarries stand in contrast to the surrounding natural slope. Figure 11 depicts the

DSM dataset as a hillshade. Hillshade represents the hypothetical illumination of a

surface. It is used to show subtle changes in topography by casting shadows in the

same way that earthworks can be highlighted by low-angled winter sunlight. Figure

12 depicts the DSM Slope Model with the location of visible features discussed

within this report highlighted.

Due to the high resolution of the LiDAR dataset features of archaeological

significance are well represented. The site of a large quarry is visible at the highest

point of the ridgeline, within the south of the woodland, as is the location of a

possible pond, located at the issue of a spring line, located to the northeast.

Associated with this feature is what appears to be a ditch, which runs upslope but

parallel to a natural water channel towards Shelley Wood.

Woodland boundaries along with the location of trackways recorded on the available

historic map resource are also evident. Of particular note is the location of what may

represent (it is possible these are anomalies caused by dense ground vegetation)

charcoal burning platforms within Shelley Wood to the north (figure 10 & 12). If this

is proven correct, then it is possible wood and timber from Healey Greave Wood

directly supported this industry.

In addition, there are two linear features interpreted as terraces, one of which (with a

distinctly straight alignment) may represent a historic track or boundary.

https://environment.data.gov.uk/DefraDataDownload/?Mode=survey



Figure 9: 25cm Resolution DSM of the survey area viewed as a Slope Model



Figure 10: 25cm Resolution DTM of the survey area viewed as a Slope Model.



Figure 11: 25cm Resolution DSM of the survey area viewed as a Hillshade (Azimuth of the light is 315 degrees; Altitude of the light at 30 degrees).



Figure 12: 25cm Resolution DTM of the survey area with the location of discussed features of archaeological significance highlighted.



5.3 Archaeological Background

Prior to this investigation, 35 features of archaeological interest were recorded within

the environs of the survey area. Features consist of Listed Buildings under statutory

protection and monuments recorded by West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory

Service Historic Environment Record.

Table 1: List detailing the known archaeological records on and immediately around the property.

Information was gathered from, WYAAS HER and Historic England.

SMR Number/ list entry number

Archaeological Feature

Details Grade/Type

Historic Milestone

Society

YW_KIRSHE01pb

19th century Parish Boundary Post SE1913812006

A carved stone post by the A629, in parish of KIRKBURTON (KIRKLEES District), Thunderbridge Road, N of Healey Farm. Boundary Marker, erected by an unknown authority in the 19th century. Inscription reads; (KI)RKBURTON / KIRKBURTON : : SHELLE(Y) / SHELLEY : : . ; . not Listed. NGR: SE 19138 12006: Milestone Society National ID: YW_KIRSHE01pb. Origin of this record, Milestone Society Survey (partial). Survey date 2012; surveyor J Scrine (see http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/) Identifiers: [ ADS ] Depositor ID - YW_KIRSHE01pb

YW_HUPN Historic

Milestone Society05

18th century Milestone,

Penistone Road SE19171230

Carved stone post by the A629, in parish of KIRKBURTON (KIRKLEES District), Penistone Road, Causeway Foot, 200 yds N of jct with Riley Lane, nr LP 142, behind safety barrier, on East side of road. Milestone, erected by the Huddersfield & Penistone turnpike trust in the 18th century. Inscription reads; TO / PENISTONE /7_ MILES / F : : TO / HUDDERSFIELD / 5 MILES / E : : . ; . Grade II Listed. NGR: SE 1917 1230: Milestone Society National ID: YW_HUPN05. Origin of record, Milestone Society Survey. Last date found 2011; principal surveyor CMH (see http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/)

YW_HUPNXpb Historic Milestone

Society

19th

century Parish Boundary Post SE19051196

A carved stone post by the A629, in parish of KIRKBURTON (KIRKLEES District), Thunderbridge Lane, opp building, , on West side of road. Boundary Marker, erected by an unknown authority in the 19th century. Inscription reads; SHELL(EY) : : KIRKBURTON : : . ; . not Listed. NGR: SE 1905 1196: Milestone Society National ID: YW_HUPNXpb. Origin of this record, Milestone Society Survey (partial). Survey date 2012; surveyor CMH (see http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/)

Historic Milestone Society

19th century Guidestone,

Penistone Road, jct with Ripley Lane;

Carved stone post by the A629, in parish of KIRKBURTON (KIRKLEES District), Penistone Road, jct with Ripley Lane; Kirkburton, on triangle of grass at jct signed to Kirkburton, on East side of road. Guide

http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/



YW_XKIRc Kirkburton SE19151212

Stone, erected by an unknown authority in the 19th century. Inscription reads; STICK NO / TO / E HUDDERSFIELD / TO / PENISTONE F : BILLS : TO / KIRKBURTON F / TO / E SHEPLEY : FH & other initials(too high to see!), poss graffiti : . small benchmark on front curve nr base; . Grade II Listed. NGR: SE 1915 1212: Milestone Society National ID: YW_XKIRc. Origin of record, Milestone Society Survey. Last date found 2002; principal surveyor C Minto (see http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/)

Historic Milestone

Society

YW_KIRSHE02pb

19th

century Parish Boundary Post SE1910612012

A carved stone post by the UC road, in parish of KIRKBURTON (KIRKLEES District), Thunderbridge Lane, 50m S of crossroads on E side of Thunderbridge Lane . Boundary Marker, erected by an unknown authority in the 19th century. Inscription reads; SHELLEY : : KIRKBURTON : : . ; . not Listed. NGR: SE 19106 12012: Milestone Society National ID: YW_KIRSHE02pb. Origin of this record, Milestone Society Survey (partial). Survey date 2012; surveyor D Garside (see http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/)


YW_XKIRf

18th/19th century Guidestone,

Huddersfield Road, Shelley; jct with Far Bank, nr Village Hall

SE20451121

Carved stone post by the B6116, in parish of KIRKBURTON (KIRKLEES District), Huddersfield Road, Shelley; jct with Far Bank, nr Village Hall , end of iron railings, on South side of road. Guide Stone, erected by an unknown authority in the 18th/19th century. Inscription reads; TO / SHEPLEY / HOLMFIRTH / 5 MILES / E : : BILLS / TO / KIRKBURTON / HUDDERSFIELD / 6 MILES / F / SKELMANTHORPE / BARNSLEY / 11 MILES / E : : . ; . Grade II Listed. NGR: SE 2045 1121: Milestone Society National ID: YW_XKIRf. Origin of record, Milestone Society Survey. Last date found 2003; principal surveyor C Minto (see http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/)

Historic Milestone

Society

YW_THUSHE01pb

19th century Parish Boundary Post

SE1884011385

A carved stone post by the UC road, in parish of KIRKBURTON (KIRKLEES District), Bridge over brook, names at each end of parapet . Boundary Marker, erected by an unknown authority in the 19th century. Inscription reads; THURSTONL(AND) : : SHELLEY : : . ; . not Listed. NGR: SE 18840 11385: Milestone Society National ID: YW_THUSHE01pb. Origin of this record, Milestone Society Survey (partial). Survey date 2012; surveyor J Scrine (see http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/)


YW_SHESHP01pb

19th

century Parish Boundary Post

A carved stone post by the A629, in parish of KIRKBURTON (KIRKLEES District), Shepley Dike, W side of A629 bridge over Shepley Dike . Boundary Marker, erected by an unknown authority in the 19th century. Inscription reads; (SHEPLEY) : {vertical line surmounted by fleur de lys : SHELLE(Y) : : . ; . not Listed. NGR: SE 20122 10743: Milestone Society National ID: YW_SHESHP01pb. Origin of this record, Milestone Society Survey (partial). Survey date 2011; surveyor D Garside (see http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/)

List entry Church Of All Church. Circa 1200 nave, chancel and south aisle. I



number 1313318

WYAAS

Monument Number: (

953 )

Hallows SE 19802 12497

Perpendicular west tower, though upper part said to be C19. North aisle rebuilt 1825, and clerestorey and south porch probably of similar date. East window probably mid C19, perhaps a restoration. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1313318&resourceID=5 https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=953&resourceID=105

List entry number 1313312

Boundary Stone 100 Yards South Of

Junction With Penistone Road

Boundary stone 100 yards south of junction with Penistone Road, thunder bridge lane The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

II

List Entry Number: 1300331

Thunder Bridge SE1881211409

Road bridge over Shepley Dike. Early C19. Single span segmental arched bridge with ashlar band forming base to deeply coursed ashlar parapets. Replaced copings on north side. South parapet terminates in round abutment with domed cap. Parapet on north side has inscriptions: THURSTONLAND SHELLEY

II


WYAAS

Monument Number: ( 10540 )

Yew Tree Farm SE1972412371

Farmhouse, now pair of cottages. c1700, converted late C18 and altered C20. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1268448&resourceID=5 https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=10540&resourceID=105

II


Birks Gate And Attached

Outbuildings SE1880511349

Small country house. Early C18, early C19 with additions 1879 and c1906. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1184185&resourceID=5

II


15 and 17, Thunder Bridge Lane

SE1885211480

Two dwellings, part of row. Late C18. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1184041&resourceID=5

II


No name SE1887111524

Formerly 2 dwellings, part of row. Left part C18, right part early C19. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1184027&resourceID=5

II


Wood nook farmhouse

SE2017411768

Farmhouse. Late C18 or early C19. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1183817&resourceID=5

II


18 and 20, Dam Hill SE1932411077

Pair of weaver's houses. Early C19. II


Guide Post At Junction With Far

Bank SE2049011181

Guide post. Mid C19. Triangular stone post inscribed on two faces and with pointing hands to indicate direction: TO SHEPLEY KIRKBURTON HOLMFIRTH 6 MILES 5 MILES SKELMANTHORPE BARNSLEY 11 MILES

II

List Entry Number:

The Woodman Public House

SE 18860 11498

Former dwellings, part of row. Left part late C18, right part early C19. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Resu

II

https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1313318&resourceID=5

















1135349 lts_Single.aspx?uid=1135349&resourceID=5


5, 9 And 11, Thunder Bridge

Lane SE1886611514

Formerly 4 dwellings, Nos. 7 & 9 now one dwelling, part of row. Early C19. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1135348&resourceID=5

II


152 And 154, Penistone Road SE1946611025

Pair of houses. Early C19. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1135340&resourceID=5

II


Milestone SE1917312294

Milestone. Early to mid C19. Triangular stone post inscribed on 2 faces. TO TO PENISTONE HUDDERSFIELD 7½ MILES 5 MILES In each case a pointing hand indicates the direction.

II


Guide Post At Junction With Riley

Lane SE1915112115

Guide post. Mid C19. Stone post with bull-nose and rounded top. Inscribed in capitals, and with pointing hands indicating direction. STICK NO BILLS

II

WYAAS Monument Number: (

6406 )

Anti air craft gun emplacement at

Stocksmoor

World War II Heavy Anti-Aircraft gun battery for Leeds Gun Defended Area, ref. no. H30. Apparently mentioned in source at P.R.O. dated 22/6/1942 when described as unarmed. Nothing visible on O.S. 1:2500 or 1:10000 maps.


6107 )

Tanhouse southeast of Kirkburton.

Tanhouse southeast of Kirkburton. Note also Tanyard Plantation at SE 190 123.

WYAAS

Monument Number: (

5841 )

Flint Flint flake found in centre of Kirkburton. Held by Tolson Museum 9acc.no.118.10.72). No better grid ref. and that cited may be inadequate.


1043 )

Saville Wood, Thurstonland

Area of earthworks comprising cairns, banks and probable quarrying. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1043&resourceID=105

WYAAS

Monument Number: (

10493 )

Folly Hall Possibly early 19th-century laithe house. Visible on 1st edition OS map, surveyed in 1851. In May 1981 Colum Giles visited the house as part of the initial phase of the RCHME Rural Houses Survey; he briefly described the building as a two cell house, part laithe to the west. Windows feature heavy square flush king mullions.

WYAAS

Monument Number: (

11763 )

Shelley Methodist Church, Shelley Far

Bank

Methodist New Connexion chapel built 1785-6 with early to mid 19th century organ left wing to south side, and c.1850-60 meeting room wing to west gable. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=11763&resourceID=105

WYAAS

Monument Number: (

2432 )

Five cross fragments at St John the Baptist

Church, Kirkburton

Five fragments of a white freestone cross within the church at Kirkburton (PRN 953). See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=2432&resourceID=105














WYAAS

Monument Number: (

3741 )

Watching Brief at All Hallows Church,

Kirkburton

A small assemblage of disarticulated human skeletal material was recovered from a highly disturbed deposit. See https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=3741&resourceID=105

Historic England

1471832

Myers Wood Iron-Working Site

SE1895011650

Excavation established the layout of the iron-working site to inform the building of replica structures. Medieval - Iron Working Site.

Historic England

1490616

Thorncliffe Farm, Kirkburton

SE1920011900

Post Medieval - Farm Building.

Historic England

1361543

Birks Wood, Thurstonland

Roman - Watch Tower, Uncertain -

Post Hole, Uncertain – Revetment

SE1853011120

Small-scale trial excavation of a mound within a corner of the wood revealed post-holes and a revetment suggested as part of a Roman watch-tower.

Historic England

1404684

Medieval - Iron Working Site,

Medieval - Iron Furnace

SE1860012500

Land at Myers Wood.





6.0 Results

Figure 1 Distribution of features of archaeological significance. Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Reference number [10001877]



Figure 14: Distribution of features of archaeological significance overlaid on the 25cm LiDAR Digital Surface Model (DSM) viewed as a Slope Model.



During the Level 1 Reconnaissance survey of Healey Greave Wood, 19 previously

unrecorded features of archaeological and historical significance were identified and

recorded (figure 13 & 14). A detailed dataset, including feature specific management

recommendations for each of the recorded features can be found in Appendix 1.

6.1 Prehistoric

No Prehistoric features or find spots were identified during the survey.

6.2 Romano-British

No Romano-British features or find spots were identified during the survey.

6.3 Medieval

Although no features or find spots relating to medieval activity were identified, it is

possible features such as the holloway known as Box Ings Lane and a number of

boundaries and terraces do in part have their origins during this period.

6.4 Post-medieval

6.4.1 Land Divisions/Boundaries

All of the boundaries recorded during the course of the survey, were relevant and in

use during the 19th century, as is evident from the available historic mapping. Each

of the recorded boundaries (Site No. 2, 7, 11 & 12) serve to enclose the woodland

from the encompassing farmland and the site of adjoining Shelley Wood, located to

the north.

Each of the boundaries have been largely replaced by modern timber and wire

fences, as such they have become relict and are in a gradual state of decline as a

result of natural erosion and the deliberate removal of stone. The boundaries consist

of irregular drystone walls with evidence that they included angular coping stones set

perpendicular to the local sandstone courses of the wall. The best preserved section

of wall is that which marks the southern edge of the woodland (Site No. 7; plate 1).

The height of the ground level within the woodland exceeds that of the fields to the

south by approximately 0.50m. As such the south-face of the wall stands up to

1.50m tall, whereas the north-face stands up to 1.0m tall.



Plate 1: Detail of the relict irregular drystone wall (Site No. 7) which serves to mark the southern

extent of Healey Greave Wood. The poor condition of the wall is clear (Photograph Ref: IMG_7417;

scale is 1.0m). Copyright Pennine Prospects

In addition to physical boundaries two terraces were also recorded during the survey.

Although the sinuous south-facing terrace recorded as Site No. 17 is likely natural in

form, the west-facing terrace Site No. 18 (identified during analysis of the LiDAR

(see section 5.2)) is distinctly straight and has the potential to represent an early

boundary or terraced track within the woodland.

6.4.2 Routes of Communication

Two distinct forms of trackway were recorded during the survey. The most distinct is

the site of Box Ings Lane, a walled holloway (Site No. 8; plate 2) which also serves to

enclose the western edge of Healey Greave Wood. This historic route way provides

access from the Pennistone Road (A629) to the south, to the village of Kirkburton to

the north (whilst providing alternative access to the Healey Farm located to the west

of the woodland). The holloway (a modern bridleway) measures up to 3.50m wide.



The sandstone irregular drystone walls that line the east and west edges of the

trackway stand up to 1.50m tall.

Site No. 19 represents the location of a terraced track set into the north-facing slope

of the ridge. It was identified as a result of LiDAR analysis (see section 5.2) and is

depicted on the available historic mapping as a northwest-southeast orientated track

which connects Box Ings Lane to the west with enclosed fields to the east of the

woodland. The track also branches off to the north at its centre, where it continues

into the adjoining Shelley Wood. As well as providing access to agricultural land, the

trackway also provides adequate access to the woodland resources. Considering

the evidence for a high degree of oak coppice management within Healey Greave

Wood along with the presence of possible charcoal burning platforms located within

Shelley Wood (figure 10 & 12). It is possible timber from the survey area was

transported to the platforms in support of the charcoal industry.

Plate 2: A view north along Box Ings Lane (Site No. 8; Photograph Ref: DSCF9676; Scale is 1.0m).

Copyright Pennine Prospects



6.4.3 Mineral Extraction

Evidence for mineral extraction was identified in two locations. Each of the quarry’s

appears to have been concerned with the extraction of the underlying Kirkburton

Sandstone. The largest extraction site (Site No. 1; plate 3) is located on the high

ground within the south of the woodland. In plan the quarry is roughly horseshoe

shaped, and measures approximately 20.5m (north-south) by 15.45m (east-west)

and up to 9.5m wide. It has been excavated to a depth of around 1.5m.

The smallest quarry (Site No. 4) consists of a roughly rectangular depression

measuring up to 6.60m long by 4.85m wide.

Plate 3: The largest extraction site (Site No. 1) under investigation by Sheffield Young Archaeologists

Club (Photograph Ref: IMAG4713). Copyright Pennine Prospects

6.4.4 Water Management

The site of a possible pond (Site No. 14) and an associated drainage ditch or water

channel (Site No. 13) were located within the northeast of the woodland. The ditch is

orientated north-south and runs parallel to the woodland boundary (Site No. 2)

located to the east and a natural water worn gully to the west. The feature extends a

distance of 100m, petering-out to the north in the vicinity of Shelley Wood, whereas

to the south it appears to connect with the northeast corner of an east-west



orientated pond. The pond (Site No. 14; plate 4) is located at the head of a spring

which issues from the north-facing slope of the ridgeline. It measures up to 7.5m in

length and 1.7m wide. The depth is unknown but is unlikely to be beyond 2.0m. The

purpose of this possible water management is unknown. Although it is possible it is

associated to the charcoal industry within Shelley Wood, where it was utilised to put-

out the fires on the suspected charcoal burning platforms.

Plate 4: A view east along the possible pond (Site No. 14; Photograph Ref: P1040537; Scale is 1.0m).




6.4.5 Veteran Tree

Across the survey seven veteran trees were identified and recorded. These included

two beech trees (Site No. 5 & 15), three oaks trees (Site No. 3, 10 & 16), and two

holly trees (Site No. 6 & 9).

Although the holly and beech trees are regarded as veteran, they are by no means

of significant heritage (i.e. not beyond 100 years of age). The recorded oaks on the

other hand have the potential to date back to at least 150 years if not more. Site No.

10 (plate 5) represents a large mature oak with a 2.65m diameter trunk. The tree

appears to have once served as a pollard, a process in which branches were cut

higher up in the tree to encourage the growth of straight poles. This is a form of

management which suited woodlands where livestock often grazed, as it ensure the

new tree growth would be out of reach of grazing animals.

In contrast is Site No. 16 (plate 5), a multi-stemmed oak which was once managed

as a coppice. The foot of the tree covers an area of 2.10m x 5.70m, from which four

mature poles grow. This tree represents only one of a number of matured coppice

oaks within the south of the woodland.

Plate 5: (Left) Detail of oak pollard Site No. 10; (Right) Detail of oak coppice (Site No. 16 (Photograph

Ref: (Left) DSCF9679, (Right) IMG_7416; Scale is 1.0m). Copyright Pennine Prospects



As coppice, the woodland required a higher degree of management in order prevent

livestock from grazing on fresh growth at ground height. As such the woodland will

have been suitably enclosed by this time and the grazing of livestock prohibited.

Presently we do not know what the managed woodland was used for (further

archival research is required) however it is likely aspects of the woodland resource

supported the construction and craft industry, the presence of charcoal burning

platforms within neighbouring Shelley Wood and the established network of trackway

linking the two locations may also be an indicator. In addition oak bark from felled

trees could have been used to support the tanning industry.



7.0 Discussion

Though the number of features of archaeological significance within the Healey

Greave Wood is limited, they do shed light on the past management and use of the

woodland resource.

As ancient woodland, the site preserves a high number of veteran trees, in particular

oaks in the form of coppice left to grow-out (particularly within the south of the

woodland). Along with an oak pollard, the past management of the woodland is

clear, though the precise use of the wood and timber resource is not. A potential

source of evidence for the use of the woodland resource comes from Shelley Wood,

which adjoins the site to the north. Analysis of the LiDAR suggests the potential for

charcoal burning platforms surviving within Shelley Wood (this requires further

investigation to confirm, a rapid site visit to Shelley Wood would confirm the

presence of charcoal burning platforms), combined with the evidence for trackways

connecting both woodlands it is possible wood from Healey Greave was utilised in

the production of charcoal. This in turn could have been used in the iron industry,

wool industry, craft or for domestic use. The apparent management of a natural

spring within the woodland with evidence of a pond and drainage ditch may also

have supported the charcoal industry. Water would have been an important

resource in the final stage of charcoal production, allowing the charcoal burner to

reduce the heat and put out the fire.

There is considerable public interest in cultural heritage and the historic environment

and interpretation of these aspects of woodlands can provide a focus for visitors

(using the public rights of way through the woodland). This could be achieved as part

of a wider access or recreation strategy. Historic environment features can be linked

by heritage trails and explained through the use of interpretative panels, leaflets or

maps both as physical or digital applications.



8.0 Management Recommendations

As part of this survey, identified features were assessed in regard to condition; this

information has been used to formulate management recommendations. The

recommendations cover only those features identified within woodland areas.

8.1 General Guidelines

Forestry operations can be detrimental to both upstanding archaeological remains

and below-ground archaeological deposits. Guidelines which meet the requirements

of the United Kingdom Forestry Standard (UKFS) have been published by the

Forestry England (Forestry Commission; 2011). The reader is advised to refer to this

document for further information.

The guidelines recognise:

1. Forests should be designed and managed to take account of the historical

character and cultural values of the landscape.

2. Windblown trees located upon features of archaeological interest can cause

considerable damage due to the uplift of root plates. Any upstanding walls or

structures may also be crushed as a result of windblown trees. General root

action can also be disruptive to both below and above ground archaeological

features.

3. Although low-level woodland browsing can control woody vegetation within

woodland pastures and clearings; overgrazing by introduced livestock can

cause significant erosion to upstanding earthworks and structures. Additional

measures such as fencing may be required to protect the ground around

individual sites of historic importance/interest.

4. Forest operations and civil engineering activities involve heavy machinery and

earth-moving equipment. These can unintentionally destroy or damage

archaeological remains and veteran trees directly, or in-directly due to soil

vibration, compaction and erosion.

5. Ground disturbance and with that potential damage or destruction to

archaeological features and below ground deposits can also be caused as a

result of habitat restoration projects. This can involve the pulling out of tree

stumps and the inverting of soil layers to reduce surface nutrient content.

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-uk-forestry-standard



Alternatively, restocking can lead to new or additional damage to

archaeological features and below-ground deposits.

6. There is considerable public interest in cultural heritage and the historic

environment and interpretation of these aspects of woodlands can provide a

focus for visitors (using the public rights of way through the woodland). This

could be achieved as part of a wider access or recreation strategy. Historic

environment features can be linked by heritage trails and explained through

the use of interpretative panels, leaflets or maps. However these would need

to be managed to avoid negative impacts on the historic environment, such as

increased erosion.

In 2018 ancient woodland, including ancient semi-natural woodland and

plantations on ancient woodland received specific legislation as part of the

National Planning Policy Framework (Chapter 11. Conserving and enhancing the

natural environment) concerning their protection. The reader is advised to refer to

this document prior to any management or development activities.

The guidance states:

1. Direct impacts of development on ancient woodland or veteran trees include:

● damaging or destroying all or part of them (including their soils,

ground flora, or fungi)

● damaging roots and understorey (all the vegetation under the taller

trees)

● damaging or compacting soil around the tree roots

● polluting the ground around them

● changing the water table or drainage of woodland or individual trees

● damaging archaeological features or heritage assets

2. Nearby development can also have an indirect impact on ancient woodland or

veteran trees and the species they support. These can include:

● breaking up or destroying connection between woodlands and

veteran trees

● reducing the amount of semi-natural habitats next to ancient

woodland

https://www.gov.uk/guidance/national-planning-policy-framework/11-conserving-and-enhancing-the-natural-environment#paragraph_118

https://www.gov.uk/guidance/national-planning-policy-framework/11-conserving-and-enhancing-the-natural-environment#paragraph_118



● increasing the amount of pollution, including dust

● increasing disturbance to wildlife from additional traffic and visitors

● increasing light pollution

● increasing damaging activities like fly-tipping and the impact of

domestic pets

● changing the landscape character of the area

Legislation states: ‘planning permission should be refused for development resulting

in the loss or deterioration of irreplaceable habitats, including ancient woodland and

the loss of aged or veteran trees found outside ancient woodland, unless the need

for, and benefits of, the development in that location clearly outweigh the loss …’

(Chapter 11, Paragraph 118, NPPF, 2018).

8.2 Mitigation

1. At the earliest stage, in advance of any management operations within areas

of woodland, the organisation commissioning the works should consult with

the regional historic environment authority, in this instance West Yorkshire

Archaeology Advisory Service (WYAAS); and Natural England.

2. Where an operation next to a historical feature is unavoidable, clear routes

and exclusion areas should be marked out to provide protection to the

monuments. Contractors could be provided with a ‘cab-card’, detailing in

bullet-point and map format information concerning the heritage, exclusion

zones and routes to and from site.

3. Regular visits to heritage sites to monitor the condition will identify any new

threats or damage to the feature.

4. Trees and shrubs either on or within the immediate vicinity of archaeological

sites/features should be managed to limit the extent and establishment of

woody vegetation. It should be considered that large trees vulnerable to

windthrow be removed or crowned to reduce the weight of the tree canopy.

However, veteran trees should be retained where possible.

8.3 Specific Guidelines

Specific management recommendations for each feature recorded as part of the survey can

be found in Appendix 1.



8.3.1 Boundaries

All of the boundaries recorded during the survey are relict and in a state of decline. Each

boundary should be monitored to ensure ground vegetation and tree saplings do not

establish themselves on the stonework and cause damage/erosion. Mature trees within

close proximity of all of the boundaries recorded during the survey should also be

monitored and where appropriate, coppiced/pollarded, crowned, thinned or removed to

prevent windthrow damage to the features. Although relict, the boundaries should be

stabilised, and ideally re-established in order to preserve the historic character of the

woodland and its environment.

8.3.2 Veteran Trees

Veteran and historic trees located throughout the woodland should be maintained and

managed appropriate in order to preserve the historic character of the site.



9.0 Acknowledgments

Pennine Prospects would like to thank the Parks and Landscapes Department of

Kirklees Metropolitan District Council for their permission, support and enthusiasm of

the Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Project.

We would also like to thank the staff of West Yorkshire Archaeological Advisory

Service Historic Environment Record for their provision of data relating to Healey

Greave Wood and the wider West Yorkshire area.

Of course our biggest thanks go to all of the volunteers who supported, participated

and undertook the survey of the woodland; in particular we would like to thank the

members of Sheffield Young Archaeologist Club and Huddersfield Young

Archaeologist Club.

It was a pleasure to meet and work with you all.

Thank You

This project would not have been possible without the support of the National Lottery

Heritage Fund. Thank you to all of the National Lottery players, without whom,

projects such as the Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage project would not be

possible.



10.0 Bibliography

Ainsworth, S; Bowden, M; McOmish, D & Pearson, T, (2007). Understanding the Archaeology of Landscapes: A guide to good recording practice. Swindon, English Heritage

British Geological Survey, Geology of Britain Viewer URL: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Accessed: 22.02.2019

Brown, L, (2013). ‘Hidden Heritage of the South Pennine Woodlands’. Pennine Prospects, Unpublished Report

CIfA, (2017). ‘Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation’. Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, University of Reading

Cranfield University 2016. The Soils Guide. Available: www.landis.org.uk. Cranfield University, UK URL: http://www.landis.org.uk/services/soilsguide/soilscapes.cfm?ssid=19 Accessed 22.02.2019

Dyson, P.A. 1998. Longley Old Hall C 1300 - 1900. Huddersfield Local History Society 9. Available at: http://www.huddersfieldhistory.org.uk/files/HLHS Journal 09 (1998).pdf.

Forestry Commission, (2011). ‘Forests and historic environment: UK Forestry Standard Guidelines’. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh

GB Historical GIS. 2011. Kirklees District through time | Industry Statistics | Simplified Industrial Structure. Available at: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10097850/cube/IND_SECTOR_GEN.

Huddersfield Local History Society. 2019. Huddersfield History. Available at: http://www.huddersfieldhistory.org.uk/huddersfields-history/ [Accessed February 8, 2019].

Institute, C.S. and A. 2018. Soilscapes. Cranfield University. Available at: http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/# [Accessed April 2, 2019].

Lewis, S. 1848a. A Topographical Dictionary of England. London. Available at: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england.

Lewis, S. 1848b. ‘Allostock - Alnwick’. In Topographical Dictionary of England, 39–44. London: British History Online

MAGIC geographic information URL: http://www.magic.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx Accessed 22.02.2019

Minter, G., & Minter, E. 1995. Discovering Old Huddersfield Part Two. Available at: http://www.huddersfieldhistory.org.uk/files/Minter/Discovering Old Huddersfield - Part 2.pdf.

Morehouse, H.J. 1861. The History and Topography of the Parish of Kirkburton and of the Graveship of Holme. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/The_History_and_Topography_of_the_Parish_of_Ki

http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

http://www.landis.org.uk/services/soilsguide/soilscapes.cfm?ssid=19

http://www.magic.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx



rkburton_and_of_the_Graveship_of_Holme_(1861)_-_Township_of_Burton_Otherwise_Kirkburton.

Natural England, (2014). ‘National Character Area Profile: 36 Southern Pennines’. Natural England

Natural England. 2013. NCA Profile: 37 Yorkshire Southern Pennine Fringe (NE490). Natural England. Available at: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/5459581769613312?category=587130 [Accessed February 12, 2019].

Natural Environment Research Council. 2019. Geology Viewer of Britain. British Geological Survey. Available at: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html [Accessed February 5, 2019].

Pattern, D. 2017. A Catalogue of the Textile Mills and Factories of the Huddersfield Area c.1790-1914. Huddersfield Exposed. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/A_Catalogue_of_the_Textile_Mills_and_Factories_of_the_Huddersfield_Area_c.1790-1914 [Accessed February 11, 2019].

Pattern, D. 2018a. Almondbury. Huddersfield Exposed. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Almondbury [Accessed February 6, 2019].

Pattern, D. 2018b. Kirkburton. Huddersfield Exposed. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Kirkburton [Accessed February 19, 2019].

Pattern, D. 2018c. Shelley. Huddersfield Exposed. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Shelley [Accessed February 19, 2019].

Pigot and Co. 1841. Pigot and Co.’s Royal National and Commercial Directory and Topography of the counties of York, Leicester & Rutland, Lincoln, Northampton, and Nottingham. London: Pigot and Co.

Professor J.J.N. Palmer and team. 2011. Open Domesday. University of Hull. Available at: https://opendomesday.org/place/ [Accessed February 5, 2019].

Smith, A. H. 1986. The Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire: Part II: Osgoldcross and Agbrigg Wapentakes. English Place-Name Society. Volume XXXI. Cambridge University Press

University of Leicester. 2011. Halogen. Available at: https://halogen.le.ac.uk/results/results.php?county%5B%5D=all&lang%5B%5D=all&hword_list%5B%5D=all&placename=shelley&placename_match_type=exact&data_set=kepn [Accessed February 19, 2019].

United Kingdom Soil Observatory Soils map viewer URL: http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/ukso/home.html Accessed: 22.02.2019

Varley, W. 1939. Castle Hill, Almondbury, Excavation Committee: Report of the First Year’s Excavations. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Almondbury,_Excavation_Committee:_

http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/ukso/home.html



Report_of_the_First_Year%27s_Excavations_(1939)_by_W.J._Varley.

Varley, W. 1973. Castle Hill, Almondbury: A Brief Guide to the Excavations 1939-1972. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Almondbury:_A_Brief_Guide_to_the_Excavations_1939-1972_(1973)_by_W.J._Varley.

Wilson, J.M. ed. 1872a. Kirkburton. In Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Kirkburton

Wilson, J.M. 1872b. Shelley. Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales1. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Shelley.

Wilson, J.M. 1872c. Shepley. Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales. Available at: https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Shepley.

Wimpey, T. 2017. Kirklees Local Plan On behalf of Taylor Wimpey. (August). Available at: http://www.kirklees.gov.uk/beta/planning-policy/pdf/examination/matters-issues-and-questions/matter-8/M8-42-Taylor-Wimpey.pdf.



11.0 List of illustrations

11.1 List of Tables

Table 1: List detailing the known archaeological records on and immediately around the property.

Information was gathered from, WYAAS HER and Historic England.

11.2 List of Figures

Figure 1: Location of Healey Greave Wood survey in relation to neighbouring settlements. © Crown

Copyright. All rights reserved. Reference number [10001877]

Figure 2: Healey Greave Wood survey area. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Reference

number [10001877]

Figure 3: 1m Resolution Orthorectified Aerial Photograph (file:

Ortho_RGB_P00010681_20070729_20070729_1m_res): Contains public sector information licensed

under the Open Government Licence v3.0. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right

2020. All rights reserved

Figure 4: Yorkshire 261 (includes: Emley; Kirkburton; Skelmanthorpe) Six-inch England and Wales,

surveyed between 1849 and 1850 and published in 1854

Figure 5: Excerpt of the 1893 1:2500 First Edition First County Series Survey

Figure 6: 1906 1:2500 First Revision First County Series Survey

Figure 7: 1916 1:2500 Second Revision First County Series Survey

Figure 8: 1959 1:2500 First Edition National Grid

Figure 9: 25cm Resolution DSM of the survey area viewed as a Slope Model.

Figure 10: 25cm Resolution DTM of the survey area viewed as a Slope Model.

Figure 11: 25cm Resolution DSM of the survey area viewed as a Hillshade (Azimuth of the light is 315

degrees; Altitude of the light at 30 degrees).

Figure 12: 25cm Resolution DTM of the survey area with the location of discussed features of

archaeological significance highlighted.

Figure 2 Distribution of features of archaeological significance. Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright.

All rights reserved. Reference number [10001877]



Figure 14: Distribution of features of archaeological significance overlaid on the 25cm LiDAR Digital

Surface Model (DSM) viewed as a Slope Model.

11.2 List of Plates

Plate 1: Detail of the relict irregular drystone wall (Site No. 7) which serves to mark the southern

extent of Healey Greave Wood. The poor condition of the wall is clear (Photograph Ref: IMG_7417;

scale is 1.0m). Copyright Pennine Prospects

Plate 2: A view north along Box Ings Lane (Site No. 8; Photograph Ref: DSCF9676; Scale is 1.0m).


Plate 3: The largest extraction site (Site No. 1) under investigation by Sheffield Young Archaeologists

Club (Photograph Ref: IMAG4713). Copyright Pennine Prospects

Plate 4: A view east along the possible pond (Site No. 14; Photograph Ref: P1040537; Scale is 1.0m).


Plate 5: (Left) Detail of oak pollard Site No. 10; (Right) Detail of oak coppice (Site No. 16 (Photograph

Ref: (Left) DSCF9679, (Right) IMG_7416; Scale is 1.0m). Copyright Pennine Prospects



Appendix 1: Survey Database

Site

No.

Easting Northing Site Name

Site Type

Sub-categor

y

Description Period Condition/Threat

Recommendation

Reference Significance

1 419501 411523 Quarry Large quarry, roughly horseshoe in shape in plan. The feature measures approximately 20.5m (north-south) x 15.45m (east-west) and up to 9.5m wide. The depth of the feature is up to 1.5m. The quarry appears to have been associated with extraction of the underlying Kirkburton Sandstone. In recent years the site has been utilised for off-road cycling, as a result numerous associated furnishings utilising on site natural resources have been established.

Post-Medieval

The feature is in a good condition. Vegetation consists of young and mature oak, birch, grass, moss, bluebells and brambles.

The feature should continue to be monitored.

Photograph Ref: IMG_7419 taken facing the west down the quarry; IMG_7420 taken facing west IMG_7421 taken facing south west; IMG_7422 taken facing west; IMG_7423 taken facing northeast; IMG_7424 taken facing south; IMG_7425 taken facing north; IMG_7426 taken facing east, IMG_7577, IMG_7578

Local

2 419578 411465 Boundary

Irregular Drystone Wall

Irregular drystone wall orientated north-south and serving to demarcate the eastern edge of the woodland. The wall is largely relict and measures 0.50m wide and no more than 1.0m tall. Coping stones are laid flat.

Post-Medieval

The feature is in a poor condition. Vegetation includes moss, beech, and dense brambles and ivy.

The feature should continue to be monitored and maintained. Scrub vegetation should be managed

Map Ref: 1854 1:10560 First Edition (1853-1904) County Series; Photograph Ref: IMG_7429 taken facing east near the entrance; IMG_7430 taken

Local



and where necessary reduced to prevent erosion. Trees should be monitored and where necessary coppiced/pollarded or felled to prevent windthrow damage.

facing east; IMG_7431 taken facing north east; IMG_7432 taken facing east, IMG_7575, P1040530, P1040531, DSCF9671, DSCF9672

3 419571 411474 Veteran Tree

Oak Multi-stemmed mature oak with three trunks growing next to the woodland boundary that marks the eastern edge of the woodland. The tree has a circumference of 3.30m.

Post-Medieval

The feature is in a fair condition.

The tree should be monitored and if possible maintained as a historic tree.

Photograph Ref: IMG_7433

Local

4 419393 411510 Quarry Roughly rectangular depression, likely site of a quarry. The feature measures up to 6.60 m long by 4.85m wide. It is located close to the southwest corner of the woodland. Any extraction at the site will have been concerned with the underlying Kirkburton Sandstone.

Post-Medieval

The feature is in a fair condition. Vegetation includes dense brambles and ivy, ivy and young oak.


Photograph Ref: DSCF9673

Local

5 419409 411561 Veteran Tree

Beech Mature beech tree with a 3.0m circumference.

Post-Medieval

The feature is in a good condition.

The tree should be monitored and if


Local



possible maintained as a historic tree.

6 419413 411571 Veteran Tree

Holly Mature holly tree located above the drystone retaining wall which marks the eastern edge of the bridleway known as Box Ings Lane.

Post-Medieval




Local

7 419522 411458 Boundary


Irregular drystone wall with coping stones set perpendicular. The boundary historically served to demarcate the southern edge of Healey Greave Wood, although it has largely been replaced by a modern timber and wire fence. Ground height to the north exceeds the wall height in places. The wall stands up to 60cm wide and 1m high, with the height increasing to up to 1.50m along its south-face.

Post-Medieval

The feature is in a poor condition. Multiple sections of the wall have either collapsed or been robbed of material. Vegetation consisting of moss, lichen, mature oak and holly.

The feature should continue to be monitored and maintained. Scrub vegetation should be managed and where necessary reduced to prevent erosion. Trees should be monitored and where necessary coppiced/pollarded or felled to prevent windthrow damage.

Map Ref: 1854 1:10560 First Edition (1853-1904) County Series; Photograph Ref: IMG_7417, IMG_7418, P1040530, P1040531

Local



8 419481 411640 Box Ings Lane

Trackway

Holloway

Sinuous northeast-south west orientated holloway which also serves to demarcate the western edge of Healey Greave Wood. The trackway is known historically as Box Ings Lane, and continues to be utilised as a bridleway. The holloway is marked an irregular drystone wall along its east and west sides, these also serve as retaining walls. The holloway measures up to 3.50m wide and the walls up to 1.50m tall.

Post-Medieval

The feature is in a fair condition. Vegetation consists of moss, grass, mature oak, sycamore and holly.

The feature should continue to be monitored and maintained as a bridleway. Scrub vegetation and sapling, young and mature trees should be managed to prevent erosion to the feature.

Map Ref: 1854 1:10560 First Edition (1853-1904) County Series; Photograph Ref: DSCF9676, DSCF9677, DSCF9678

Local

9 419446 411524 Veteran Tree

Holly Mature holly tree. Post-Medieval



Photograph Ref: IMG_7435

Local

10 419548 411686 Veteran Tree

Oak Large oak tree, possibly once managed as a pollard. The trunk on the tree measures 2.65m in diameter.

Post-Medieval




Local



11 419636 411734 Boundary


Irregular drystone wall serving to demarcate the northern edge of Healey Greave Wood. The wall stands as a north-facing retaining wall as much of the above ground structure has been removed. The wall measures up to 0.50m wide and 0.45m tall.

Post-Medieval

poor condition


Map Ref: 1854 1:10560 First Edition (1853-1904) County Series; Photograph Ref: P1040540, P1040541, P1040542, P1040543

Local



12 419652 411832 Boundary


Irregular drystone wall serving the mark the southern edge of Shelley Wood. The boundary supports the remains of a gated access across Box Ings Lane. The gate post is 1.35m in height and wall up to 0.60m tall x 0.50m wide.

Post-Medieval

It is in fair condition.


Map Ref: 1854 1:10560 First Edition (1853-1904) County Series; Photograph Ref: P1040546

Local

13 419615 411635 Ditch Drainage Ditch

A likely draining ditch orientated north-south and located up slope to the east of a natural spring and shallow gully. The ditch measures up to 1.50m wide and extends a distance of 100m towards Shelley Wood. At its southern end it appears to have fed from a deep cut ditch which appears to have pooled water from

Post-Medieval



LiDAR Tile: se1911_DTM_25CM, se1911_DSM_25CM; Photograph Ref: P1040533 , P1040534, P1040535

Local



the spring.

14 419579 411621 Pond Possible pond site established at the head of a spring. The ditch-like feature is orientated east-west and measures up to 7.5m in length and 1.7m wide. The depth is unknown but is unlikely to be beyond 2.0m. Overflow from the feature passes down a naturally formed shallow gully. It is possible the feature served to feed a ditch located to the northeast.

Post-Medieval



LiDAR Tile: se1911_DTM_25CM, se1911_DSM_25CM; Photo ref: P1040536, P1040537, P1040538, P1040539

Local

15 419597 411679 Veteran Tree

Beech Mature beech tree measuring 3.20m in diameter

Post-Medieval

In good condition.


Photograph Ref: P1040532

Local

16 419549 411461 Veteran Tree

Oak One of multiple multi-stemmed oak trees located within the south of Healey Greave Wood. This example of a likely coppiced oak covers an area of 2.10m x 5.70m. The trees within this area likely represent evidence for historic coppice management within the woodland.

Post-Medieval

In good condition.


Photograph Ref: DSCF9669, DSCF9670, P1040529, IMG_7416

Local



17 419525 411485 Terrace A distinct terrace marking the highest point within Healey Greave Wood. It is likely the feature is natural, a quarry has been established at is summit. The terrace has a roughly east-west orientation.

Unknown


LiDAR Tile: se1911_DTM_25CM, se1911_DSM_25CM; Photograph Ref: IMG_7576

Local

18 419513 411564 Terrace A north-facing northeast to southwest orientated terrace identified as a result of LiDAR analysis. The feature is particularly straight, suggesting it may represent an early land division or terraced track not apparent on the available historic mapping.

Unknown


LiDAR Tile: se1911_DTM_25CM, se1911_DSM_25CM;

Local

19 419547 411606 Trackway

Terraced Track

Location of a northwest-southeast terraced track recorded on the available historic mapping and identified using the available LIDAR resource. The feature served to connect with Box Ings Lane to the west and provided access to a field to the east. Mid-way along the feature an additional track extended northwards (modern foot path roughly follows this) and

Post-Medieval


Map Ref: 1854 1:10560 First Edition (1853-1904) County Series; LiDAR Tile: se1911_DTM_25CM, se1911_DSM_25CM;

Local



provided access into neighbouring Shelley Woods.



Appendix 3: Digital Archive

Included in this report is a CD-Rom which contains a digital archive for use by the

landowner and regional Historic Environment Record.

The digital archive includes:

● PDF digital copy of this report – PP48-210830 KC Healey Greave Wood

Report

● Excel survey database – PP48-210830 Archaeological Survey Database

● Digital photographic archive – PP48-210830 Archaeological Survey

Photographs

● GIS Shapefiles of historic mapping data – PP48-210830 Archaeological

Survey Shapefiles



Appendix 4: About the Author and Pennine Prospects

At the time of this reports production, the author Courtenay-Elle Crichton-Turley was

in employment with Pennine Prospects as part of the Celebrating Our Woodland

Heritage Project. Courtenay has been working within the field of archaeology for the

last 11 years, in which time she has completed her Undergraduate degree at St

Andrews University in Ancient History and Archaeology, her MA research track in

Prehistory Archaeology at the University of Sheffield and her PhD in Archaeology

and Computer Sciences also at the University of Sheffield. Alongside her degrees

Courtenay has worked on both commercial and research excavations within the UK

and Italy (2008-2016), lectured as a teaching fellow in archaeology, heritage and

history at Bishop Grosseteste University, Lincoln (2017-present), served as

Community Heritage Manager for the HLF Tinsley Time and Travel project, at

Heeley City Farm (2018-2019) and worked as a freelance Heritage Consultant

(2018-present) for a series of institutions including Magna, Rotherham, The

Grimesthorpe Story Sway, Sheffield City Council, Report Writing and Digital Heritage

for Pennine Prospect, and as a visiting tutor in Digital Heritage at the University of

Sheffield. She is experienced in Digital Heritage specifically 3D processing, QGIS,

desk-based assessments, heritage project management, research and community

engagement and outreach.

Pennine Prospects is a unique rural regeneration company created in 2005 as a

champion for the South Pennines, the dramatic upland landscape that stands

prominently above the urban centres of Greater Manchester, the Lancashire valleys

and West Yorkshire. It is an award-winning partnership organisation that has

attracted over £5 million of national and European funding to deliver a wide range of

projects aimed at promoting, protecting and enhancing the built, natural and cultural

heritage of the South Pennines.

Pennine Prospects lies at the heart of a well-established partnership bringing

together six local authorities, two water companies, government agencies and the

voluntary sector. The company is strongly committed to sustainable development

and enables partner organisations, local residents and businesses to maximise the

benefit of the area’s rich natural, cultural and heritage assets. Through its activities,

Pennine Prospects supports the economy of the South Pennines by uncovering,



highlighting and promoting all that is special about the area. In addition, the company

develops community projects, promotes access to the uplands and waterways and

connects people with their landscape.

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