CEL351_hydrualic Structure Design

CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic Structures

INSTRUCTOR

Dr. B. R. ChaharAssociate Professor

Office: Block V 202Office: Block V 202Phone: 1187

Email: Chahar@civil iitd ac inEmail: [email protected]: www.chahar.tk

http://web.iitd.ac.in/~chahar

CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresContact Schedule

LTP 2-0-2 3 Credit coursePrerequisite – CEL251

Lect. 9 - 10 AM Venue III-339Tuesday Wednesday Friday

Design 1 - 3 PM Venue -V-317 Gr. I - ThuGr. II - Fri Gr. III - Mon Gr. IV – TueGr. V – Wed


GRADING CRITERIA

The weightage likely to be asg g y

20% Minor I 20% Minor II 40% Major 20% Quiz/ Assignment/ Design Class20% Quiz/ Assignment/ Design Class

Attendance


COURSE Contents

1. Introduction2. Gravity Dams – Site selection, Forces,

Stability analysis.y y3. Diversion Works – Weirs and Barrages4 Head Regulators and Cross regulators4. Head Regulators and Cross regulators 5. Canals – Design and Canal Falls.6. Cross Drainage Works


LESSON PLANL t 1 2 G it D I t d tiLecture 1,2 Gravity Dams: IntroductionLecture 3,4,5 Gravity Dams: Forces

MINOR I TESTMINOR I TEST

Lecture 6,7 Gravity Dams: Stability AnalysisLecture 8,9 Gravity Dams: Elementary & Practical

Profile

MINOR II TEST

Lecture 10-14 Diversion Works: Weir & BarragesLecture 10 14 Diversion Works: Weir & Barrages

MAJOR TEST

CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresText Books

1. Hydraulic Structures; P. Novak, AIB Moffat, C. Nalluri, and R. N T l & F i N Y kNarayanan: Taylor & Francis, New York

2. Engineering for Dams, Vol I & Vol II; Creager, Justin and Hinds; John Wiley

3 Water Resources Engineering; JB Franzini DL Freyberg G3. Water Resources Engineering; JB Franzini, DL Freyberg, G Tchobanoglous; McGraw Hill

4. Design Textbooks in Civil Engineering – Irrigation Engineering – Vol VI –Dams; L Leliavsky; Chapman & HallDams; L Leliavsky; Chapman & Hall

5. Design of Small Dams; USBR; Oxford & IBH. 6. Fundamentals of Irrigation Engineering; Bharat Singh; Nem Chand. 7. Irrigation and Water Power Engineering; BC Punmia, BBL Pande; Laxmi

Pub. 8. Irrigation, Water Power and Water Resources Engineering; KR Arora;

Standard Pub. 9. Theory and Design of Irrigation Structures; Varshney, Gupta, Gupta; Nem

Chand.10. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures; SK Garg; Khanna Pub.

CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresIS Codes

IS Code 6512: Criteria for Design of Solid Gravity Dams g y

IS Code 1893: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS Code 4410 : Part 22 : 1994 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part 22 Barrages & weirs

IS Code 6966 : Part 1 : 1989 Guidelines for hydraulic design of barrages and weirs: Part 1 Alluvial Reachesweirs: Part 1 Alluvial Reaches

IS Code 7349 : 1989 Guidelines for operation and maintenance of barrages and weirs

IS Code 7720 : 1991 Criteria for Investigation, Planning and Layout for Barrages and Weirs

IS Code 11130 : 1984 Criteria for Structural Design of Barrages and WeirsIS Code 11130 : 1984 Criteria for Structural Design of Barrages and Weirs

IS Code 14955 : 2001 Guidelines for Hydraulic Model Studies of Barrages and Weirs

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Why study – Hydraulic Structures?

Development of water resources of a regionRequires

ConceptionPlanningDesignDesignConstructionOperationOperation

of various facilities to utilise and control water, and to maintain water quality.


Water Resources EngineeringU ili i fUtilisation of waterControl of waterWater quality management

Utili /N d t

Water quality management

Utilize/Need waterDomestic & Industrial usesIrrigationIrrigationPower generationNavigationgOther purposes

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONWater is controlled and regulated

Flood controlL d d iLand drainageSewerageBridgesBridges

Not cause damage to property, inconvenience to the public, or loss of life p ,

Water-quality managementWater quality managementRequired quality of water for different usesPreserve Ecological balanceContamination of Groundwater/Surface water

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONW t R d l t j t l dWater Resources development projects are planned to serve various purposes

Main PurposesDomestic & Industrial uses, IrrigationPower generation Navigation Flood controlPower generation, Navigation, Flood control

Secondary PurposesR ti l Fi h d ild lif D i t lRecreational, Fish and wild life, Drainage control, Watershed management, Sediment control, Salinity control, Pollution abatementSalinity control, Pollution abatement

Miscellaneous PurposesEmployment Accelerate development etcEmployment, Accelerate development etc

Single-purpose and Multi-purpose


Water Resources projects – Two Main Steps

First step – How much water is available?

Knowledge of Hydrology

Precipitation – averagePrecipitation average Abstraction – LossesRunoff, Yield of basinFlood – Peak runoff Reservoir sizing – Mass curve


Second step – How to utilise and control water?

R i i t tRequire various structureHydraulic Structures

Types of Hydraulic Structures

StorageStorageDiversionTransportationpRegulationControl


COURSE Contents

1. Introduction2. Gravity Dams – Site selection, Forces,

Stability analysis.y y3. Diversion Works – Weirs and Barrages4 Head Regulators and Cross regulators4. Head Regulators and Cross regulators 5. Canals – Design and Canal Falls.6. Cross Drainage Works


Main source of water is Precipitation

Precipitation is not uniform over space and timePrecipitation is not uniform over space and timeMonsoon, North East, Himalaya, W. Ghat

Store water at surplus location during surplusStore water at surplus location during surplus period – Storage structures – Reservoirs

Dam and Reservoir coexistDam – solid barrier across riverReservoir – artificial lake u/p of dam

ReservoirReservoir

DamDam

Reservoir

Dam SpillwayDam Spillway

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRS

Types of Reservoirs – Single-purpose and Multi-purpose

Storage (or conservation) reservoirsStorage (or conservation) reservoirsFlood control reservoirsMultipurpose reservoirDistribution reservoirsBalancing reservoirs

Flood Control – runoff exceeding safe capacity of river is stored in the reservoir Stored water isriver is stored in the reservoir. Stored water is released in controlled manner

Detention and Retarding g

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSDetention Reservoirs – regulated by GATES

Adv: More flexibility of operation and better control of outflow; Discharge from various reservoirs can be adjusted; g j

Disadv: More expensive; Possibility of human error

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSRetarding Reservoirs – UNGATES

Adv: Less expensive; Outflow is automatic so possibility of human error

Disadv: No flexibility of operation; Discharge from variousDisadv: No flexibility of operation; Discharge from various reservoirs may coincide – heavy flood

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSMultipurpose ReservoirsServe two or more purposes. In India, most of the reservoirs

are designed as multipurpose reservoirs to store water forare designed as multipurpose reservoirs to store water for irrigation and hydropower, and also to effect flood control

Distribution ReservoirsDistribution ReservoirsSmall storage reservoirs to tide over the peak demand of

water. The distribution reservoir is helpful in permitting th t k t if t It t tthe pumps to work at a uniform rate. It stores water during the period of lean demand and supplies the same during the period of high demand. As the storage is limited, it merely helps in distribution of water as per demand for a day or so and not for storing it for a long period. Distribution reservoirs are mainly used forperiod. Distribution reservoirs are mainly used for municipal water supply but rarely used for the supply of water for irrigation.


Balancing ReservoirsBalancing ReservoirsA balancing reservoir is a small reservoir constructed d/s of

the main reservoir for holding water released from the i imain reservoir.


Storage Capacity of ReservoirsStorage capacity of a reservoir depends upon the topography of g p y p p p g p y

the site and the height of dam.Engineering surveys The storage capacity and the water spread area at differentThe storage capacity and the water spread area at different

elevations can be determined from the contour map.In addition to finding out the capacity of a reservoir, the

t f th i l b d t d t icontour map of the reservoir can also be used to determine the land and property which would be submerged when the reservoir is filled upto various elevations. p

To estimate the compensation to be paid to the owners of the submerged property and land. The time schedule, according to which the areas should be evacuated as theaccording to which the areas should be evacuated, as the reservoir is gradually filled, can also be drawn..

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSStorage Capacity of a Reservoir

Area-Elevation Curve –from contour map Anfrom contour map An elevation-area curve is then drawn between the surface area as abscissa and the elevation as ordinate.Elevation-Capacity Curve: is determined f l ifrom elevation-area curve using diff formulae.Both the elevation-area curve and the elevation- storage curve on the same paper. Abscissa - areas and volumes - opposite directions


Storage Capacity calculation formulae1 T id l f l1. Trapezoidal formula2. Cone formula3. Prismoidal formula 4. Storage Volume from cross-sectional areas

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and Definitions

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSB i T d D fi itiBasic Terms and Definitions1. Full reservoir level (FRL): is the highest water level to which the water surface will rise during normal operating conditions. g p gAlso called the full tank level (FTL) or the normal pool level (NPL). 2 Maximum water level (MWL): is the maximum level to which2. Maximum water level (MWL): is the maximum level to which the water surface will rise when the design flood passes over the spillway. Also called the maximum pool level (MPL) or

i fl d l l (MFL)maximum flood level (MFL). 3. Minimum pool level: is the lowest level up to which the water is withdrawn from the reservoir under ordinary conditions. It corresponds to the elevation of the lowest outlet (or sluiceway) of the dam. However, in the case of a reservoir for hydroelectric power; the minimum pool level is fixed after considering thepower; the minimum pool level is fixed after considering the minimum working head required for the efficient working of turbines.

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and Definitions4. Useful storage: volume of water stored between the full reservoir level and the minimum pool level Also known as thereservoir level and the minimum pool level. Also known as the live storage.5. Surcharge storage: is the volume of water stored above the

i ifull reservoir level upto the maximum water level. The surcharge storage is an uncontrolled storage which exists only when the river is in flood and the flood water is passing over the p gspillway. This storage is available only for the absorption of flood and it cannot be used for other purposes. 6 Dead storage: volume of water held below the minimum pool6. Dead storage: volume of water held below the minimum pool level. The dead storage is not useful, as it cannot be used for any purpose under ordinary operating conditions.

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and Definitions

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and DefinitionsBasic Terms and Definitions7. Bank storage: If the banks of the reservoir are porous, some water is temporarily stored by them when the reservoir is full. 8. Valley storage: The volume of water held by the natural river channel in its valley upto the top of its banks before the construction of a reservoir is called the valley storage. May be y g yimportant in flood control reservoirs. 9. Yield from a reservoir: Yield is the volume of water which can be withdrawn from a reservoir in a specified period of time Thebe withdrawn from a reservoir in a specified period of time. The yield is determined from the storage capacity of the reservoir and the mass inflow curve. 10 Safe yield (Firm yield): is the maximum quantity of water which can be supplied from a reservoir in a specified period of time during a critical dry year. Lowest recorded natural flow of g y ythe river for a number of years is taken as the critical dry period for determining the safe yield.

RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and Definitions11. Secondary yield: is the quantity of water which is available during the period of high flow in the rivers when the yield isduring the period of high flow in the rivers when the yield is more than the safe yield. It is supplied on as and when basis at the lower rates. The hydropower developed from secondary i i i iyield is sold to industries at cheaper rates.

12. Average yield: is the arithmetic average of the firm yield and the secondary yield over a long period of time. y y g p13. Design yield: is the yield adopted in the design of a reservoir. Fixed after considering the urgency of the water needs and the amount of risk involved The design yield should be such thatamount of risk involved. The design yield should be such that the demands of the consumers are reasonably met with, and at the same time, the storage required is not unduly large.

CEL351_hydrualic Structure Design

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