CE’ING IS BELIEVING: CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS IN ... · • Similarity assessment includes risk...

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1 CE’ING IS BELIEVING: CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS IN BIOSIMILAR DEVELOPMENT Joel Welch Acting Review Chief CDER/OPQ/OBP/DBRRIV September 20, 2017 www.fda.gov

Transcript of CE’ING IS BELIEVING: CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS IN ... · • Similarity assessment includes risk...

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CE’ING IS BELIEVING: CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS IN BIOSIMILAR DEVELOPMENT 

Joel WelchActing Review ChiefCDER/OPQ/OBP/DBRRIVSeptember 20, 2017

www.fda.gov

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Disclaimer

This presentation should not be used in place of regulations, published FDA guidances or 

discussions with the Agency

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Outline

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• Background on Biosimilars• Current Landscape• Unique Considerations of Biosimilar Development

– Analytical Methods (including CE) Lead Process Development– Analytical Methods (including CE) Present  Unique Method Qualification 

Challenges– Analytical Methods (including CE) Characterize the Shelf Life of the 

Reference Product– Analytical Methods (including CE)  Characterize Functional Assays

• Conclusions

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www.fda.gov

• As of June 1, 2017, 66 programs were enrolled in the Biosimilar Product Development (BPD) Program.  

• CDER has received meeting requests to discuss the development of biosimilarsfor 25 different reference products.

• FDA is prohibited from publicly disclosing the existence of a pending application, unless the existence of the application has been previously publicly disclosed or acknowledged, because this information is confidential and belongs to the manufacturer/sponsor developing the drug. 

• Since program inception and as of June 1, 2017, 9 companies have publicly announced submission of fourteen 351(k) BLAs to FDA. 

• Five 351(k) BLAs for biosimilar products have been approved.

Biosimilars

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– Zarxio (filgrastim‐sndz)– Inflectra (infliximab‐dyyb)– Erelzi (etanercept‐szzs)

– Amjevita (adalimumab‐atto)– Renflexis (infliximab‐abda)

Adapted from S.Kozlowski, PDA/FDA Biosimilars Conference June 2017

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Definition:  BiosimilarityBiosimilar or Biosimilaritymeans:

that the biological product is highly similar to the reference product notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components; and there are no clinically meaningful differencesbetween the biological product and the reference product in terms of the safety, purity, and potency of the product.

Highly Similar? Sequence

Expression System Impurities & ExcipientsAdapted from S.Kozlowski, PDA/FDA Biosimilars Conference June 2017

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Biosimilar Development

• Extrapolation from information in 351(k) BLA and FDA’s finding for the reference product to other indications previously approved for the reference product,  considering for each indication:

– MOA(s), PK, Immunogenicity,  Known toxicities

AdditionalClinical Studies

Analytical

ClinPharm

Nonclinical

Clinical   Studies

Clin Pharm

Nonclinical

Analytical

Clinical Efficacy (and Safety)

Clinical Efficacy (and Safety)

Clin Pharm

Pharm Tox

Analytical

Indication 1                     Other Indications

Clinical Efficacy (and Safety)

Other Indications:

351k

351a

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A “Typical” Similarity Assessment

Primary structure• Intact molecular weight • Amino acid sequence• Disulfide bonds

Higher order structure • Secondary structure• Tertiary structure• Thermal Stability

Glycosylation• Afucosylation• Galactosylation• High Mannose• Sialylation

Drug product attributes• Protein content• Sub-visible particles• Deliverable volume• Appearance, pH, osmolality

Product related species• Charge Variants

• Acidic• Main• Basic

• Size Variants• Dimers and high-molecular

weight species (HMW)• Heavy chain (HC) and light

chain (LC) fragments

Stability• Degradation profiles under

accelerated and stress conditions

Biological activities:Fab-Mediated• Inhibition of Human Umbilical

Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) Proliferation

• VEGFA binding• Binding kinetics for VEGFA

isoforms (165, 121, and 111)• Binding Specificity

Biological activities: Fc-Mediated • FcRn• Fcg Receptors [RIa, RIIa, RIIb,

RIIIa (158V and 158F type), RIIIb]

• C1q• Antibody-dependent cellular

cytotoxicity (ADCC)• Complement-dependent

cytotoxicity (CDC)

www.fda.gov Adapted from J.Chung, FDA presentation for ABP215, ODAC, July 13 2017

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Where Are We?

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– Epoetin Hospira–

– ABP215

– Amjevita– MYL‐1401

Figures from FDA presentation, ODAC, July 13, 2017

Figures/Data  from Mylan backgrounderand FDA backgrounder, ODAC, July 13, 2017

Figures from FDA presentation, ODAC, May 25, 2017

Figures/Data from FDA backgrounder, AAC, July 12, 2016

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– Amjevita

Figures/Data from FDA backgrounder, AAC, July 12, 2016

Where Are We?

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Where Are We?

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– Epoetin Hospira–

– ABP215

Figures/Slide  from FDA presentation, ODAC, May 25, 2017

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Where Are We?

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– MYL‐1401

Figures/Data  from Mylan backgrounderand FDA backgrounder, ODAC, July 13, 2017

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Where Are We?

12www.fda.govFigures from FDA presentation, ODAC, July 13, 2017

– ABP215

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Methods Lead Process Development

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Cell Line Process Development

Clinical Development

Process Characterization

Process Validation Submission

Continued Process 

Verification

Product Knowledge (MOA, 

Literature)

CQAs

TestingComparison to RP

QTPP

Biosimilars require reverse engineering Biosimilar development results in iteration(s) for each step

Product Knowledge grows during development

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Methods Present Unique Qualification Challenges

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“But the tests used to characterize the product should be scientifically sound, fit for their intended use, and provide results that are reproducible and reliable”

“Sponsors are encouraged to develop assays that are less variable and are sensitive to changes in the functional activities of the product”

• Reference Product and Biosimilar May Differ in formulation

• Reference Product and Biosimilar may differ substantially in attribute value

• Data may be collected in a development lab

• Data may be collected over range of dates (shelf life realities)

• Allow for justification of platform development work

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Method Qualification OpportunitiesContinued

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• Similarity assessment includes risk ranking and assignment in into tiers – Equivalence testing for some high risk attributes– Quality ranges (mean ± X SD) for other high to low risk attributes– Raw/graphical comparisons for other attributes

• Many of the methods in the similarity assessment are not intended for release, and validated to ICH Q2B expectations

• Basic expectation is that method qualification should reflect the analytical use of the method– Have you evaluated it over the range of anticipated values for both RP and BS?– Have you demonstrated its precision? – Have there been any methods changes?

• Need the be able to answer the question: How can we trust this data?

www.fda.gov

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Method Qualification 2

• Every test method should be evaluated for its capability– What is its inherent capability?– What is its inherent limitation?

• Quantitative measures should be suitably precise and reproducible

• Evaluation of sensitivity (as needed) and “robustness” should be considered

• Should understand what the method does– What role does it play in your similarity assessment?– Is it corroborative? – Does it serve as the basis for reducing residual uncertainty?

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Methods Help Characterize Shelf Life

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• Reference Product Lots are sourced throughout development (many years)

• Attempt to target both lot‐to‐lot and campaign‐to‐campaign variability

• For assays which have results that change over time, testing only when RP is acquired does not represent the full product profile

• Analytical Methods must be sufficiently sensitive to understand behavior at end of expiry Figures Adapted from K Hutterer, PDA/FDA Biosimilars Conference  June 2017

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Forced Degradation Comparison

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• As part of the analytical similarity exercise, a forced degradation study that compares the both rate and pathways or just pathways and pathways of degradation of the biosimilar to those of the reference product should be conducted. 

• Analytical Methods must be sufficiently sensitive to understand behavior at end of expiry

• CE methods must be sufficiently robust to transfer (release may be performed in one lab, but degradation and shelf life portion in another)

• Frequently done early in development and require a multitude of different conditions

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Methods Qualify Functional Assays – Hypothetical Case Study

• ADCC is a potential mechanism of action for a biosimilar• Slight differences are observed in glycosylation that may affect ADCC• ADCC functional assay used to state that the differences are not clinically 

relevant• Precision and linearity qualification data provided • Sponsor provides additional data to justify data collection

– Compares ADCC  in PMBCs versus effector cell line– Graphs glycosylation  differences versus activity– Provides reproducible FcyRIIIa assay to corroborate data

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Figure Adapted from K Hutterer, PDA/FDA Biosimilars Conference June 2017

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Conclusions

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• The biosimilar landscape is developing tremendously• CE methods play a central role in biosimilar development• CE methods guide process development• CE methods play a fundamental role in characterizing shelf 

life of reference product• CE methods offer unique opportunities for method 

qualification• CE methods play a critical role in qualifying functional assays

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Acknowledgments

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• Steve Kozlowski• Emanuela Lacana• Many other contributors from the Office of Biotechnology 

Products

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