CE225 SM 01 Introduction
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Transcript of CE225 SM 01 Introduction
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SoilMechanicsICE225CE 225
Introduction&courseoutline
1
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SoilMechanics 2
Virtuallyeverystructureissupportedbysoil or rock Those that arent either flysoilorrock.Thosethataren teitherfly,
float,orfallover.
RichardL.Handy(1995)
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SoilMechanics 3
Soilmechanicsisthescienceofequilibriumandmotionofsoilbodies.
Soilmechanicsisasubsetofgeotechnicalengineering.
Itinvolvestheapplicationofsoilmechanics,geology,andhydraulicstotheanalysisanddesignofgeotechnicalsystemssuchas dams,embankments,tunnels canals and water ways tunnels,canalsandwaterways,
foundationsforbridges,roads,buildings, andsolidwastedisposalsystems.p y
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GeotechnicalEngineering 4
Geotechnicalengineeringisthebranchofcivil engineering that deals with soil, rock,civilengineeringthatdealswithsoil,rock,andundergroundwater,andtheirrelationto the design construction and operationtothedesign,construction,andoperation
ofengineeringprojects
SoilMechanics(SoilPropertiesandBehavior) SoilDynamics(DynamicPropertiesofSoils,EarthquakeEngineering,MachineFoundation) FoundationEngineering(Deep&ShallowFoundation) PavementEngineering(Flexible&RigidPavement)
( ) RockMechanics(RockStabilityandTunneling) Geosynthetics (SoilImprovement)
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Soils 5
ConsistofParticles Particles
WaterAir
Typical3Phases
Air OrganicsOth Fl id d G OtherFluidsandGases
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Typicalgeotechnicalproject 6
Geo Laboratory Design OfficeGeoLaboratoryfortesting
DesignOfficefordesign&analysis
soil properties
construction site
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Shallowfoundations 7
Fortransferringbuildingloadstounderlyingground
Mostlyforfirmsoilsorlightloads
firm ground
bed rock
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Deepfoundations 8
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Retainingwalls 9
Forretainingsoilsfromspreadinglaterally
retaining wall
Road
Train
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Retainingwalls soilnailing 10
Steelrodsplacedinto holes drilledintoholesdrilledintothewallsandgroutedgrouted
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Earthdams 11
Forimpoundingwater
reservoirclay
h llcore shell
soil
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Concretedams 12
reservoir concrete damconcretedam
soil
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Earthworks 13
Preparingthegroundpriortoconstruction
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Geofabrics 14
Usedforreinforcement,separation,filtrationanddrainageinroads,retainingwalls,embankments
Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway
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Sheetpiles 15
Sheetsofinterlockingsteelortimberdrivenintotheground forming a continuous sheetground,formingacontinuoussheet
warehouse
ship
sheetpile
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Sheetpiles 16
Sheetpilesresistlateralearthpressures.Theseareused in excavations waterfront structuresusedinexcavations,waterfrontstructures.
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Cofferdam 17
sheetpilewallsenclosinganarea,topreventwaterseeping inseepingin
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Landslides 18
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Shoring 19
Proppingandsupportingtheexposedwallstoresistlateralearthpressures
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Tunneling 20
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Geotechnicalearthquakeengineering 21
Liquefactioninducedbearingcapacityfailuresofthekawaguchicho apartmentbuildingfollowingthe1964NiigataEarthquake
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Geotechnicalearthquakeengineering 22
Liquefactioninducedsettlement
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Groundimprovement 23
ImpactRoller toCompacttheGround
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Groundimprovement 24
Sheepfoot Roller toCompactClaySoils
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Groundimprovement 25
SmoothwheeledRoller
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Groundimprovement 26
Heavyweightsdroppedfrom25m,compactingtheground.
C tCratersformedincompaction
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Conclusions 27
SoilMechanicsleadstomanypossibleprojectsprojects
This class provides the fundamentals to beginThisclassprovidesthefundamentalstobeginlearningtheconceptsandprojectsshownbeforebefore
Abasicunderstandingofsoilmechanicsisgnecessaryforallcivilengineers
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28SomeunsungheroesofCivilEngineering
buriedrightunderyourfeet.
foundations
soil explorationsoil explorationtunnels
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Courseoutline 29
Originofsoilandgrainsize(4Lectures) Weightvolume relationships plasticity and structureWeight volumerelationships,plasticityandstructureofsoil(3Lectures)
Engineering classification of soil (1 Lecture)Engineeringclassificationofsoil(1Lecture) Soilcompaction(2Lectures) Permeability (1 Lecture)Permeability(1Lecture) Seepage(2Lectures) Stresses in soil (2 Lectures) Stressesinsoil(2Lectures) Shearstrengthofsoil(2Lectures)
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Practicals 30
Sieveanalysis Hydrometeranalysis
S ifi it Specificgravity Moisturecontentdetermination Atterberg limits Atterberg limits Fieldidentificationtests Permeabilitybyconstantandvariableheady y AASHTOandmodifiedAASHTOtest Densityinsitubysandreplacementandrubberballoon
h dmethod
Directsheartest Unconfined compression test Unconfinedcompressiontest Triaxial test