CE 3300: Geotechnical Engineering I
Transcript of CE 3300: Geotechnical Engineering I
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Geotechnical Engineering
L. Sebastian Bryson University of Kentucky
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Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering
All Civil Engineering begins with Geotechnical Engineering
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ground
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Definitions Soil mechanics is a discipline that applies the
principles of engineering mechanics to soils to predict the mechanical behavior of soil.
Geotechnical Engineering is the branch of civil engineering that deals with soil, rock, and underground water, and their relation to the design construction and operation of engineering projects (Coduto 1998)
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Typical Geotechnical Project
4 construction site
Geo-Laboratory ~ for testing
Design Office ~ for design & analysis
soil properties
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Shallow Foundations
6 bed rock
firm ground
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for firm soils or light loads
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Shallow Foundations
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Foundation Systems Designing of Shallow Foundations Systems –
Bearing Capacity Failure
(from Budhu 2000)
Transcona Grain Elevator
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Foundation Systems Designing of Shallow Foundation Systems –
Differential Settlement
Leaning Tower of Pisa
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Deep Foundations
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bed rock
weak soil
P I L E
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads
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Foundation Systems Deep Foundation Systems: Driven Piles
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Deep Foundations
12 Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway
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Foundation Systems Deep Foundation Systems: Drilled Shafts
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Retaining Walls
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Road
Train
retaining wall
~ Prevent soils from from spreading laterally
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Earth Pressure and Retaining Walls Reinforced Earth Walls
(The Reinforced Wall Company 2003)
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Retaining Structure Systems Gavions
(Gaviones LEMAC (2003)
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Retaining Structure Systems Tie-backs
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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Soil Nailing: steel rods placed into holes drilled into the walls and grouted
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Retaining Structure Systems
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Retaining Structure Systems Excavation Support Systems
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Sheet Piles
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~ sheets of interlocking steel or timber driven into the ground, forming a continuous sheet
ship
warehouse
sheet pile
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Sheet Piles
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~ resist lateral earth pressures
~ used in excavations, waterfront structures ~ used in temporary works
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Sheet Pile Walls
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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Cofferdam
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~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in
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Tunneling
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Earth Dams
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~ for impounding water
soil
reservoir clay core shell
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Landslides
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Earthworks
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Roadwork, Pacific Highway
~ preparing the ground prior to construction
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Geofabrics
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~ used for reinforcement, separation, filtration and drainage in roads, retaining walls, embankments…
Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway
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Geosynthetics Geosynthetic stabilized walls
(Environmental Science & Engineering 2007) (kshitija.wordpress.com 2007)
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Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
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~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil
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Geoenvironmental Engineering
Characterization and remediation of Geo-environmental hazards
(from Willmer 2001)
MSW Landfill
(from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute 2001)
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Geoenvironmental Engineering
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Waste Disposal in Landfills
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Instrumentation
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~ to monitor the performances of earth and earth supported structures ~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations, strains
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Soil Testing
Standard Penetration Test Vane Shear Test
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Soil Testing
Cone Penetration Testing
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Soil Testing
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Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory
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GeoHazards
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Geotechnical Engineering Problems
How will the groundwater conditions impact the engineering project?
Teton Dam Failure (1975)
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Geotechnical Engineering Problems
What will be the impact of excavations, grading, or filling?
Collapse of Nicoll Highway,Singapore, 2004
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Geotechnical Engineering Problems
Are natural or proposed earth slope stable?
(from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 2001)
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Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Effects of earthquakes 1964 Niigata Earthquake 1967 Caracas
Earthquake
(from Kramer – www.ce.washington.edu 1996)
(from Alshibli 2001)
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Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Effects of earthquakes 1995 Kobe Earthquake 1999 Chi Chi Earthquake
(Boulanger and Duncan 2006)
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GeoSolutions
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Ground Improvement
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Impact Roller to Compact the Ground
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Ground Improvement
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Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils
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Ground Improvement
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Big weights dropped from 25 m, compacting the ground.
Craters formed in compaction
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Soil Improvement Stone Columns
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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Soil Improvement Jet Grouting
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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Soil Improvement Compaction Grouting
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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Soil Improvement Chemical Injection
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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51
Thou shall not wait till the last minute to involve Geotechnical Engineers.
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52
Geotechnical Engineers – Work Hard, Play Hard!