CDP Standard Grade1 Commercial Data Processing Standard Grade Computing Studies.
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Transcript of CDP Standard Grade1 Commercial Data Processing Standard Grade Computing Studies.
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CDP Standard Grade 1
Commercial Data Processing
Standard Grade Computing Studies
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CDP Standard Grade 2
What is Commercial Data Processing ?
• Commerce - “exchange of merchandise esp. on a large scale”
• large companies and other organisations
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CDP Standard Grade 3
What do we mean by large companies ?
• supermarkets• banks• building societies• mail order• dotcoms• airlines
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CDP Standard Grade 4
What do we mean by other organisations ?
• police• DVLC• income tax• local authorities• schools
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CDP Standard Grade 5
What do the organisation need for CDP ?
• Have to process very large amounts of data
• A mainframe computer system can handle large amounts of data
• It can• process the data quickly• process the data accurately• give quick access to information• carry out repetitive tasks
efficiently
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CDP Standard Grade 6
What is the difference between data and information?
• Data is numbers, text and symbols which can be accepted, stored and processed. Data has no context.
• Information can come from data that is processed. Information has a context, a meaning.
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CDP Standard Grade 7
Hardware for CDP• Mainframe computer
• CPU• input devices
• terminal for data input• operators console for management tasks• possibly remote entry
• output devices• backing store
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CDP Standard Grade 8
The Data Processing Cycle
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CDP Standard Grade 9
The Data Processing Cycle
• Data collection and preparation• Data input• Data processing and storage• Data output
but being a cycle means…….
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CDP Standard Grade 10
The Data Processing Cycle
Data output Data collection and preparation
Data processing and storage
Data input
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CDP Standard Grade 11
Data collection and preparation
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CDP Standard Grade 12
Data collection and preparation
• Source Document• order form• application form• register• marks entry sheet
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CDP Standard Grade 13
Data input
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CDP Standard Grade 14
Examples of data input
• Bar code• Magnetic stripe• Mark sense cards• Character recognition
• MICR• OCR
• Smart Card
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CDP Standard Grade 15
Error checking
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CDP Standard Grade 16
Error checking
• Error checking is the process of making sure the data is correct
• Two forms of error checking are• validation • verification
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CDP Standard Grade 17
Validation• Checking data to ensure it is a
sensible value to process. • The value may not be necessarily
correct.• Validation is carried out by the
computer system
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CDP Standard Grade 18
Examples of validation
• Check digit• Range check• Length check• Data type check• Presence check• Hash total• Batch total
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CDP Standard Grade 19
Verification• Checking data to ensure it is
correct• Verification is carried out by
people
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CDP Standard Grade 20
Example of verification
The usual method for verification is for the data to be typed in twice. This could be
• One operator typing the data in twice, or• Two operators typing the same data in
once
• The computer system then compares the two inputs to check if they are identical
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CDP Standard Grade 21
Data processing and storage
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CDP Standard Grade 22
Interactive or Real time processing is used to update information. In a big organisation this is usually on a multi-user database.
Can be classified as• Sequential access (serial)• Random access (direct)
Data processing
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CDP Standard Grade 23
Data storage
• Files, records, fields and data• Update• Backup
• File ancestry• grandparent, parent,child
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CDP Standard Grade 24
Data output
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CDP Standard Grade 25
Data output
• Screen• Paper
• preprinted stationary• File
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CDP Standard Grade 26
Implications of the use of CDP
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CDP Standard Grade 27
Management information
•Stock•Staff•Multi user databases•Single entry, multiple use
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CDP Standard Grade 28
Advantages over a manual system
• Large amounts of data can be held• Data can be processed more
quickly • Data can be processed more
accurately (less errors)• Lists can be kept up to date more
easily• Direct mailing by the use of mail
merge
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CDP Standard Grade 29
Costs
• Initial costs• hardware• software• training
• Running costs• staff• maintenan
ce
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CDP Standard Grade 30
Data processing staff
• Network manager
• Systems analyst• Programmer• Engineer
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CDP Standard Grade 31
E-commerce
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CDP Standard Grade 32
E-commerce
• Online banking• Online shopping
• Effects on business• Mass market
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CDP Standard Grade 33
Banking
• What is money?• What do we want from banks?
•Security•Accuracy•Reliability•Privacy
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CDP Standard Grade 34
Transferring money
• Cash transfers• Paper transfers• Electronic fund transfer (EFT)• Home banking
•on line•telephone
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CDP Standard Grade 35
Shopping
• Pre-computers•Disadvantages
• Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS)•Advantages and disadvantages•Structure of bar code•Social implications
• Electronic fund transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS)
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CDP Standard Grade 36
Crime, Security and Privacy
• Theft• Fraud• Sale of customer lists
• Security• physical• software
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CDP Standard Grade 37
CDP and the Law• Data Protection Act• Computer Misuse Act
• Customer lists regulated by Advertising Standards Authority
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CDP Standard Grade 38
Commercial Data Processing
End of presentation