CDMA2000 Principle3

8/14/2019 CDMA2000 Principle3

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Contents

Brief Introduction to the Development of Mobile

Communication

CDMA Principles Key Technologies Used in CDMA

IS95A/B Technologies CDMA 1X Technologies

Networking Principles of CDMA 1X

Introduction to CDMA 1X Services


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Development Course of Mobile Communication

Generation 1 inthe 1980s(analog)

Generation 2 inthe 1990s (digital)

Generation 3

3G provides customers and operators with complete integrated service solutions

AMPS A n al o g t e c h n

ol o

g y

TACS

NMT

OTHERS

Di

gi t al

t e c h n

ol o

g y

V oi c

e s er v i c

e

GSM

CDMAIS95

TDMAIS-136

PDC

Driven bydemands Driven by

demands

B r o

a d b an

d s er v i c

e

UMTSWCDMA

CDMA2000

TD-SCDMA


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Multiple Access Technologies

User 1User 2

User 3

Time

Frequency

FDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3Time

Frequency

TDMA

Time

Frequency

CodeCDMA

User3

User2

User1

Based on codes, all usersobtain traffic channels atthe same time and on thesame frequency band, for example, WCDM andCDMA2000

Traffic channels ondifferent frequency bandsare allocated to differentusers,for example, AMPSand TACS

Traffic channels atdifferent points of timeare allocated to differentusers, for example,DAMPS and GSM


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Objectives of 3G

Globally universal frequency band and standard, global seamless coverage

Highly effective spectrum efficiency

Higher quality of service, security and reliability

Easy to smoothly develop and transit from 2G, compatible with 2G in a reversedirection

Providing multimedia services, with the rate of up to 2Mbps

Vehicle environment: 144kbps

Environment for walk: 384kbps

Indoor environment: 2Mbps


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New Services of CDMA2000---Data Services

0

32

64

9.6

128

144

384

2,000 Video StreamingVideo Streaming

VoiceVoice

Text MessagingText Messaging

Still ImagingStill Imaging

Audio StreamingAudio Streaming

Electronicnewspaper

High-qualityvideoconference

Telephone(Voice)

VoiceMail

E-MailFaxElectronic book

Sports, news andweather report on

demand

Singing room

Low-quality videoconference

JPEG

Still Photos

MobileRadio

Video Surveillance,Video Mail, Travel

Image

Data

Weather, transportation, news, sports and securities

Mobile TV

E-commerce

RemoteMedicalService

Development orientation of a network


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IMT-2000 Technical Specification System

3G system

CDMA20003GPP2

FDD mode

WCDMA3GPP

FDD mode

TD-SCDMACWTS

TDD mode


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IS95A9.6kbps

IS95A115.2kbps

CDMA 1X 307.2kbps

Heavier voiceservice capacity ;

Longer period of standby time

CDMA20003X

CDMA20001X 1V

1X 1V-DO

1X 1V-DV1995 1998

20002002

Development Course of CDMA

Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity

Higher packet data rate and more diversified services

Smooth transit to 3G


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Comparison of the Three Modes of 3G

WCDMAcdma2000 TD-SCDMA

Structure of the receiver RAKE RAKE RAKE

Closed loopPower control Supported Supported Supported

Handoff Soft/hard handoff

Demodulationmode

Coherentdemodulation

Chip rate(Mcps) 3.84 N*1.2288 1.28

Mode of transmitdiversity

TSTDSTTDFBTD

OTD

STSNo

Mode of synchronization

Asynchronous Synchronous Asynchronous

Core network GSM MAP ANSI-41 GSM MAP



Soft/hard handoff Soft/hard handoff


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Principles of CDMA


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Common Technical Terms

Bit, Symbol, Chip

A bit is the input data which contain information

A symbol is the output of the convolutional

encoder, the repetition and the block interleaving.

A chip is the output of spreading.

Processing Gain

Processing gain is the ratio of a spreading rate to a data rate.

The processing gain in IS-95 system is 128, about 21dB.

Forward: the direction from a base station to a mobile stationReverse: the direction from a mobile station to a base station


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CDMA System Model

Information stream

Interleaving

Sourcedecoding

deinterleaving

Sourcecoding

Interleaving

deinterleaving

Scrambling

Unscrambling

Spreading

Despreading

Modulation

Demodulation

Radiofrequency

transmitting

Radiofrequency

receive

Information stream


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In a typical duplex call, the duty ratio is less than 35% and thebase station will reduce its transmission power to increase

the system capacity.

Source Coding

Vocoder:

8K QCELP

13K QCELP

EVRC

Characteristics

Support voice activity


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Channel Encoding

Convolutional code or TURBO code is used while a channel

is encoded

Constraint length=shift register number+1.

Encoding efficiency=the input bits number / the output

symbols number.

Convolutional encoder


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Out

0 0 1

1 1 0

m-sequences

The two parts concerned are as follows:

The maximum sequence of the shifting register

The mask

The output sequence period is 2 N-1 bits

The sequence offset in time would change when

the masks are changed


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Long Code

The long code is a PN sequence with a period of 2 42-1chips

Autocorrelation: Two binary m-sequences with different time shifting

have -1/N correlation.

The functions of a long code:

Scrambling the forward CDMA channel

Controlling the insertion of a power control bit.

Spreading on the reverse CDMA channel to identify the mobile

stations.


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Short Code

The short code is a binary M-sequence with the period of 2 15chips.

An all-zero case is added to M-sequences.

The CDMA system applies the time offset of short PN codeto distinguish between sectors.

The minimum PN sequence offset is 64 chips, that is to say, 512PN offsets are available to identify the CDMA sectors (2 15 /64=512).

PNa

PNc

PNb


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Walsh Code

W2n=W n Wn

W n Wn

W1=0

W2= 0 0

0 1

W 4=

0 0 0 00 1 0 10 0 1 10 1 1 0

Walsh code

The 64-order Walsh function is used as a spreadingfunction and the Walsh codes are orthogonal codes.


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6symbol 6464matrix

64i w

( )2012345 DDDDDDi = 0101..01Walsh function of order 64

Spreading

The forward channel is channelized by a Walsh code and the reversechannel by a long code.

In the reverse, every 6 bits from the encoder output corresponds to oneWalsh code.That is to say, every 6 symbols are spread into 64 chips.

In the forward, each bit from the encoder output corresponds to a Walshcode.That is to say,each symbol is spread into 64 chips.


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Modulation-QPSK

I

Q

I channel PN sequence1.2288Mcps

Q channel PN sequence1.2288Mcps

Baseband filter

Baseband filter

Cos(2pf c t)

Sin(2pf ct)

I(t)

Q(t)

s(t)A

1.2288Mcps: the PN chip rate of the system.

After being spread, all the forward channels in the same carrier are

modulated by means of QPSK(OQPSK in the reverse), converted

into simulation signals and transmitted after clustering.


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The Key Technology Used in CDMA

Power Control

Handoff

Diversity and RAKE

Voice Encoding and Voice Activity

Multiple Access Technology


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Kinds of Power Control

Reverse power control

Open loop power control

Closed loop power control

Inner loop power control: 800 Hz

Outer loop power control

Forward power control

Closed loop power control

Message transmission mode:

The threshold transmission mode.

The periodic transmission mode.


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Reverse Open Loop Power Control

The transmission power required by the mobile station is determined

by the following factors:

Distance from the base station

Load of the cell

Circumstance of the code channels

The transmission power of the mobile station is relative to its

received power.

receiving power

transmission power


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Base StationMakes a

ComparisonMobile Transmit

Power Control

CommandsMeasuredE b / Nt

Vs.Eb / NtSetpoint

Reverse Closed Loop Power Control

Inner loop power control

The base station compares the measured Eb/Nt with the corresponding

objective and the mobile station will be ordered to decrease the

transmission power if the measured Eb/Nt exceeds the objective.

Otherwise, the mobile station will be ordered to increase the transmission

power. The adjustment frequency is 800HZ.

Outer loop power control

Estimate Eb/Nt objective based on the measured Frame Error Rate(FER)


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Forward Power Control

The mobile station measures the frame quality and informs

the base station of the result in the threshold or periodical

mode. And the base station determines whether to adjust theforward power control .

In IS-95 system, the forward power control is a slow-rate

power control method but used in CDMA2000 system is a

quick forward power control method.


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Types of CDMA Handoff

Soft handoff

A multi-cells handoff, in which the mobile station keeps connecting with theprevious base station. Soft handoff enhances the voice quality and decreases thepossibility of call dropping.

Softer handoff

Just like the soft handoff, the softer handoff takes place among the multi-sectors inthe same base station.

Hard handoff

In the course of handoff, the mobile station will be disconnected from the previousbase station before connecting with the next base station. And this kind of handoff is characterized by a temporary disconnection of the traffic channel and includes

Frequency change hard handoff

Intersystem hard handoff


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Soft Handoff/Softer Handoff

Multi-path combination in the

BSC during soft handoff

Multi-path combination in the

BTS during softer handoffs

Combine all thepower from each cell

Power received froma single cell


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The Process of Handoff A

Pilot set

The set with the same frequency but a different PN sequence phase.

Active set

The pilot set corresponding to the base station being connected.

Candidate set

The pilot set not included in the active set but having enough forwardtraffic channel strength to be demodulated.

Neighbor set

The pilot not included in the active set or the candidate set but beingpossible to be added into the candidate set.

Remaining set

Other pilot sets.


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Neighbor set

Candidateset

Active Set

T_ADD

T_DROP

time

Neighbor set

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

The Process of Handoff (B)

The pilot strength exceeds T_ADD, and the mobile station adds the pilot to candidate setand reports the result to the base station.

The base station orders the mobile station to move the pilot to the active set.

The pilot strength is less than T_DROP and the mobile station triggers the T_DROP timer.

The T_DROP expired and the mobile station reports the result to the base station.

The base station orders the mobile station to remove the pilot from active set.


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Transmit Diversity

Time diversity

Block interleaving, error-correcting.

Frequency diversity

The CDMA signal energy is distributed on the whole 1.23MHZbandwidth.

Space diversity

The introduction of twin receive antennas .

The RAKE Receivers of the mobile station and the base station can

combine the signals of different time delay.

During a handoff, the mobile station contacts multiple base stations andsearches for the strongest frame.


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The Principle of RAKE Receiver

The RAKE technology can overcome the multi-path fading and enhance

the receive performance of the system.

Receive set

Correlator 1

Correlator 2

Correlator 3

Searcher correlator Calculate thetime delay andsignal strength

Combiner The combinedsignal

tt

s(t) s(t)


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IS95A Technologies

Modulation Mode of IS95A

IS95A System Time

Channels of IS95A

Main Conte nt


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OQPSK

QPSK

Modulation

The forward channel modulated by means of QPSK and thereverse channel by means of OQPSK can reduce the fluctuationrange of modulated signals.

Decreasing the ratio of peak- to-average of the output power andlinear requirements for power amplification of a mobile station.


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IS95 System Time

System zero hour: defining 0: 00 of January 6th, 1980 as the system start time.The long codes and short codes with the zero offset are in initial status at thistime.

In all base stations, each even second start time (or the integer multiple 80msafter this) of GPS time is used as the initial status of 0 offset PN code (the period

being 80/3 ms). That is to say, a chip sequence with one 1 and 15 consecutive0 is output right before this.

In all base stations, 0: 00 of January 6th, 1980 (GPS start time) must be used asthe initial status of the long codes of M-sequence (a chip sequence with one 1and 41 consecutive 0 is output right before this).

Advantages of GPS timing: fast handoff, simple synchronization.


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Types of Channel inIS-95A

Forward channel

Forward Pilot Channel

Forward Sync Channel

Forward Paging Channel

Forward Traffic Channel(including power control subchannel)

Reverse channel

Access Channel

Reverse Traffic Channel


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The Initialization of the MobileStation

Search for the CDMA carrier, acquire the pilot channel and synchronize the

short code.

Receive the synchronous channel message containing the LC_STATE,

SYS_TIME, P_RAT.

Acquire timing and synchronize with the system.

Monitor the paging channel and receive the system message.

The mobile station can register and be taken as the calling party or called party.


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IS-95A Channel Review

Modulation mode

Function

Error-correcting encoding

Walsh code

Long code spreading

Short code spreading

Symbol repetition

Forward link

1/2 rate

Channelization

ChannelizationScrambling

Identify the sector

Decrease thetransmission power of the repetition symbols

Coherent receive

Support Multi-channelstransmission andQPSK modulation

Pilot channel

No Multi-channelstransmitting, adoption of

OQPSK modulation

No pilot channel,discoherent receive

Discontinuoustransmission with thedata burst randomizer

OQPSK Modulation

64-array demodulation

1/3 rate

Reverse link


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IS-95A Technology Review

Chips rate: 1.2288 Mcps

Modulation:

Forward: QPSK

Reverse: OQPSK

Channel encoding: Convolutional encoding

Power control

Forward: A slow power control based message transmission.

Reverse: Open loop power control;

Quick reverse closed loop power control (up to 800Hz)Handoffs: Soft handoff/softer handoff, hard handoff.


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CFSRPM(Report)

CFSCNM

(Search Order)

F2(candidate)

GHDM (HHO)CFSRQM(Search Parameters)

CFSRSM(Acceptance)

F1(serving)

Hard Handoff Aided by the MobileStation

The mobile station is working in carrier F1. In the process of MAHHO, the base stationsends CFSRQM message containing the candidate carriers.

The mobile station answers a CFSRSM message for confirmation .

The base station sends an FSCNM message to order the mobile station to search the carrier F2 according to the scheme. The mobile station disconnects from the carrier F1 before itconnects with carrier F2.

The mobile station informs the base station of the research result.

The base station sends a GHDM message to order the base station to complete the handoff.


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CDMA 1X Technologies


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Overview of CDMA 1X

Completely compatible IS-95A/BAdding multiple channels to

improve the system performance

Channel bandwidth: 1.23MHzMaximum rate

supported: 307.2kbps

Voice code: 8K/13KQCELP 8K EVRC

Forward transmitdiversity mode:

OTD, STS

Modulation modeReverse HPSK :Forward QPSK

Power control:forward/reversepower control

Channel code:Convolutional code

and TURBO code

Demodulationmode: pilot-aided

coherentdemodulation

Cdma20001X


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Turbo Code

Use a Turbo code during the transmission of a large data packet.

Characteristics of the Turbo code:

The input information shall be encoded twice and the two output codes can

exchange information with each other during decoding.

The symbol is protected not only by the neighborhood check

bits, but by the other check bits.

The performance of a Turbo code is superior to that of a convolutional code.


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Walsh Code

64

48

16

32

12

9600 19200 38400 76800 153600 307200 614400

Data rate -bps-

W01 =0

W02 =00

W12 =01

W04 =0000

W24 =0011

W14 =0101

W34 =0110

W08 =00000000

W48 =00001111

W28 =00110011

W68 =00111100

W18 =01010101

W58 =01011010

W38 =01100110

W78 =01101001

( W016 ,W8

16)

( W416 ,W12

16 )

( W216 ,W14

16 )

( W616 ,W14

16 )

( W116 ,W9

16 )

( W516 ,W1316 )

( W316 ,W11

16 )

( W716 ,W15

16 )

The different Walsh codescorresponding to different data rates


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Reverse HPSK Modulation

The CDMA 1X adopts forward QPSK modulation like the IS-95

system, but adopts HPSK modulation in the reverse.

HPSK ( Hybrid PSK ), namely, OCQPSK ( Orthogonal Complex

QPSK ). The functions are as follows:

Reduce the linear requirement for the power amplification of

a mobile station.


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Transmission Diversity

The forward transmission diversity types of CDMA2000 1X

TD(Transmit Diversity)

OTD(Orthogonal Transmit Diversity)

The data stream is divided into two parts, which will be spread by theorthogonal code sequence.

STS(Space Time Spreading)

All the forward code channels are transmitted on the multi-antennas.

Spread with the supplementarity Walsh code or with pseudo-

randomization code.

Non-TD


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Transmission Diversity

The Transmission Diversity Technology enhances the receive performance of a terminal.

OTD/STS

Path 1

Path 2

Transmissiondiversity

processing

Data stream

Data stream 1

Data stream 2

Restoring data stream

Antenna 2

Antenna 1


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Power Control

Reverse

Reverse open loop power control

Reverse closed loop power control

Inner loop power control: 800 Hz

Outer loop power control.Forward

Forward closed loop power control

The message report mode:

(1) Periodic mode;

(2) Threshold mode;

EIB mode: 50 Hz

Quick power control: 800 Hz


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Power Control

As compared with the IS-95 system, CDMA 1X has forward quick

power control.

During the communication of the mobile station, the mobile station

measures the Eb/Nt value of the received forward traffic channels,

compares them with the threshold and orders the base station to

increase or decrease the transmission power to keep constant the

traffic channel Eb/Nt of whole-rate services.


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Types of CDMA1X Forward Channel

Forward cdma2000 channel

F-CACH F-CPCCH F-PICH F-CCCH

F-DCCH F-FCH F-PC F-SCCH F-SCH

F-PICH F-TDPICH F-APICH F-ATDPICH

F-SYNCH F-TCH F-BCH F-PCH F-QPCH

subchannel (RC1~2) (RC3~9)


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Types of CDMA1X Forward channel

These channels are newlydefined in CDMA 1X system.

The CDMA physical channels are classified as common channels and dedicated

channels:Common physical channels:Forward Pilot Channel(F-PICH)Forward Synchronous Channel(F-SYNC)Forward Paging Channel(F-PCH)Forward Broadcast Control Channel(F-BCCH)Forward Quick Paging Channel(F-QPCH)

Forward Common Power Control Channel(F-CPCCH)Forward Common Assignment Channel(F-CACH)Forward Common Control Channel(F-CCCH)

These channels are compatiblewith IS-95 system

Dedicated physical channel:Forward Dedicated Control Channel(F-DCCH)

Forward Fundamental Channel(F-FCH)

Forward Supplemental Channel(F-SCH)

These channels are used to establish the service connection between a base station and a

specific mobile station.

The CDMA 1X system adopts multiple data rates and the different combinations of channels

can achieve a performance superior to that in IS-95 system.


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Forward Common Channels

Three new types of forward common channels are introduced into CDMA 1X tosubstitute for F-PCH:

F-BCCH(Forward Broadcast Control Channel)

F-QPCH (Forward Quick Paging Channel

F-CCCH (Forward Common Control Channel)

These channels are utilized to transmit messages from the base station to the mobilestation, such as a paging message. Some of the functions are identical to those of thepaging channel, but they are characteristic of a higher data rate and higher reliability.

The new types of pilot channels are introduced to support the new features of CDMA 1X:

F-TDPICH (Forward Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel)

F-APICH(Forward Auxiliary Pilot Channel)

F-ATDPICH (Forward Auxiliary Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel )


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Forward Broadcast Control Channel

Characteristics:

The F-BCCH is utilized by the base station to transmit the overhead

information which is transmitted on F-PCH in IS-95 system and

broadcast information. The F-BCCH can work in the discontinuous

mode. And it can be transmitted repeatedly while working in a slowtransmit data rate. This reduces the transmit power.

Function:

With F-BCCH transmitted repeatedly, a mobile station achieves the

time diversity gain by combining the repeated information. Thus, the

base station can enhance the overall capacity of forward channels by

reducing the transmission power .


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Quick Paging Channel

Characteristics:

A quick paging channel is an OOK-modulated signal which can bedemodulated by a mobile station simply and rapidly. The channeladopts 80ms as a QPCH timeslot. Each such timeslot can be dividedinto paging indicators, configuration change indicators and broadcast

indicators, all of which are utilized to inform the mobile stationwhether to receive paging message, broadcast message or systemparameters in the next F-CCCH or F-PCH.

Function:

Rapid and simple demodulation makes it unnecessary for the mobile

station to monitor F-PCH for a long time, so the standby time isprolonged.


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F d T ffi Ch l


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Forward Traffic Channel

Forward Fundamental Channel (F-FCH)

Including 20ms frame and 5ms frame, the former applied to voice service and the latter applied to control signaling.

Transmitted at the variable rates.

Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH)

Used for the high-rate data transmission.

The base station specifies the data transmission rate, so any rate detection is unnecessary.

Support the combination of multiple supplemental traffic channels to complete differentservices.

Support the transmission of high-rate circuit data and packet data.

Set the FER value independently according to the service demand and system resource state.

Support the data burst mode.

D di d Ch l


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Dedicated Channel

Forward Dedicated Channel (F-DCCH)

F-DCCH is used for the transmission of specific user signalinginformation during a call.

Each forward traffic channel may contain one F-DCCH.

Support 5ms frame.

Support discontinuous transmission.

F d R di C fi i (RC)


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Forward Radio Configuration(RC)

Radio Configuration(RC):

The working modes of a series of Forward Traffic Channel and Reverse Traffic Channel.

Each RC supports a set of data rate and the difference between different RCs lies in various

physical channel parameters such as transmission rates, modulation characteristics and

spreading rates.

Spreading Rate:

Equivalent to chips rate, namely, 1.2288Mcps.

Radio

ConfigurationSpreading

RateMax Data Rate*

(kbps)Effective FEC

Code RateOTD

Allowed FEC Encoding Modulation1** 1 9.6 1/2 No Conv BPSK2** 1 14.4 3/4 No Conv BPSK

3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK



6 3 307.2 1/6 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK7 3 614.4 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK

8 3 460.8 1/4 or 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK

9 3 1036.8 1/2or 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK

T f R C d Ch l


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Types of Reverse Code Channel

Reverse cdma2000 channel

R-ACHR-TCH

operation(RC1~2)

R-EACHoperation

R-CCCHoperation

R-SCCH

R-FCH

R-TCHoperation(RC3~6)

R-EACH

R-PICH

R-CCCH

R-PICH

R-DCCH

R-PICH

0~7 0~1

R-SCH

R-FCH

0~2

0~1

subchannelR-PC

T f R Ch l


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Reverse channel includes reverse common channel andreverse dedicated channel.

Types of Reverse Channel

Reverse common channel:

Reverse Pilot Channel(R-PICH)

Reverse Access Channel(R-ACH)

Reverse Enhanced Access Channel(R-EACH)

Reverse Common Control Channel(R-CCCH)

Reverse Dedicated Channel

Reverse Dedicated Control Channel(R-DCCH)

Reverse Fundamental Channel(R-FCH)

Reverse Supplemental Channel(R-SCH)

Reverse Supplemental Code Channel(R-SCCHT)

R Pil t Ch l


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MUX A

Pilot( all '0's)

Power Control Bit

N is the Spreading Rate number

Pilot Power Control

Power Control Group= 1536 NPN Chips

384 NPN Chips

Reverse Pilot Channel

Reverse Pilot Channel

The Function of Reverse Pilot Channel

Initial capture

Tracing

Reverse Coherent Demodulation

Power Control Measurement

The base station enhances the receive performanceand increases the capacity by means of coherentdemodulation of the reverse pilot channel.

Oth T f R Ch l


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Other Types of Reverse Channels

Fundamental Channel:

The Fundamental Channel is used for the transmission of user information to the base station during a call, and can be used to transmitdefaulted voice services as an independent Traffic Channel.

Dedicated Control Channel

The Dedicated Control Channel is used for the transmission of user andsignaling information to a base station during a call.

Supplemental Channel/Supplemental Code Channel

These channels are used for the transmission of user information, mainly

data services, to the mobile station during a call. The Reverse TrafficChannel contains up to two supplemental channels and up to sevensupplemental code channels.

R R di C fig ti (RC)


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Reverse Radio Configuration (RC)

RC:Radio Configuration

RC1~RC2:IS-95A/B

RC3~RC4:cdma2000 1X

RC5~RC6: cdma2000 3x

RadioConfiguration SpreadingRate Max Data Rate*(kbps) Effective FECCode Rate OTDAllowed FEC EncodingModulation

1** 1 9.6 1/3 No Conv 64-ary ortho2** 1 14.4 1/2 No Conv 64-ary ortho3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK

(307.2) (1/2)4 1 230.4 3.8 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK5 3 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK

(614.4) (1/3)6 3 460.8 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK

(1036.8) (1/2)

RC Combination Reg lation


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RC 1

RC 2

RC 3

RC 4

RC 5

RC 1

RC 2

RC 3

RC 4

RC 5

RC 3

RC 4

RC 4

RC 3

F-FCH RCs

R-DCCH/SCH RCsF-DCCH/SCH RCs

R-FCH RCs

RC Combination Regulation

RC1 and RC2 corresponds respectively to rateset 1 and rate set 2 in IS- 95A/B system.

CDMA 1X Forward RC: RC1~RC5

Reverse RC: RC1~RC4

Combination regulation:

Forward RC1, Reverse RC1


Forward RC3 or RC4,Reverse RC1


Reference Model of a CDMA Network


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Reference Model of a CDMA Network

MS BS MSC

HLRAC

EIR

VLR

PSTN

ISDN

MC

Um A

BC

D

E

H

Ai

Di

MSC

F

VLR

MCSMESME

GN

MMM

Q

SCPSCP SSP

Ai

T1T8

IP HLR IP ISDNDi

T2T3 T5

T9

CDMA Interface Standards


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CDMA Interface Standards

MSC: Mobile-service Switching Center BSC: Base Station Controller MC: Short Message Center HLR: Home Location Register BTS: Base Transceiver Station VM: Voice MailboxVLR: Visitor Location Register OMC: Operation & Maintenance Center AC: Authentication Center SCP: Service Control Point

Other MSCs

MC/VM

MSC/SSP/VLR

OMC

HLR/AC

SDH

GMSC/SSP

SCP

STP

IOS4.0

SS7

IS-41

IS-41IS-41

IS-41

Mobile Customer Service Center

SS7

TCP/IP

SS7IS-41

BTS

BTS

BSC

MS

IS95----CDMA2000

INTERNET

Other PLMNs

PSTN/ISDN

CDMA2000 Network Interface


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CDMA2000 Network Interface

MSC/VLR GMSC

HLR/AuC

PDSN

PSTN

GPRS IP

SS7

SCPBSS

HA

A1/A2

BSSAP

SCCPMTP

Physicallayer

IPbackbon

e

network

A10/A11

A11signaling

UDP

IP

Link layer

Physicallayer

A10service

GRE

IP

Link layer

Physicallayer

CN

New Services of CDMA2000---Locating


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3GPP2 uses the following 3 locating technology standards:

New Services of CDMA2000---LocatingServices

GPS-aided measurement

Accuracy: suburbs---10m. City zone---30~70m.Indoor --unable to locate

Response time: 3~10sMeasurement of base station pilot phase

Accuracy: 50~200m

Response time: 3~6s

Locating of a cell ID

Accuracy: depends on the size of a cell

Response time: within 3s

N S i f CDMA2000 L i S i


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110! Bandit!

The system transfers to the nearest alarm processing center based on

the location information of the user reporting an alarm.

An alarm button can be set on a users mobile phone to achieve the goal

of reporting an alarm without any conversation.

New Services of CDMA2000---Locating Services

N S i f CDMA2000 E l A f T ll C ll


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PSTN CDMA/ INTERNET

Users who subscribe for toll services

Original toll route

Toll route after subscriptionMSC/GMSC

HLR

Operators who subscribefor toll services

Help mobile operators to absorb large quantities of toll services

Users subscribe to select toll operators to ensure quality of service.

Enable users to save toll call charge (premium strategy)

Make an IP toll call without dialing a preamble

New Services of CDMA2000---Equal Access of Toll Calls

Numbering Plan of CDMA System---Definition of Mobile Areas


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g y

Cell

Base stationarea

Location area

MSC area

PLMN area

Service area

Numbering Plan of CDMA System


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In a CDMA system, the following codes are defined to

identify a user and his location:

Numbering Plan of CDMA System

MIN/IMSI

MDN

ESN

TLDN

SID/NID

LAI

GCISIN

SSN

Numbering Plan of CDMA System---MIN/ IMSI


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Numbering Plan of CDMA System MIN/ IMSI

Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile subscriber identity

For example, 0907550001/460030907550001

Not more than 15 digits

3 digits 2 digits

IMSI

MCC MNC MSIN

NMSI

Numbering Plan of CDMA System-- MDN


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Numbering Plan of CDMA System-- MDN

CC + MAC + H 0H 1H 2H 3 + ABCDInternational mobile subscriber DN

National valid mobile subscriber number

Mobile directory number

For example, 8613307550001

Numbering Plan of CDMA System-- ESN


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Numbering Plan of CDMA System-- ESN

Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify the only piece

of mobile station equipment and each bimodal mobile station is

allocated with the only ESN. An ESN includes 32 bits and has

the following structure:

31......24 23......18 17......0 bit

Manufacturers number retained equipment SN

For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th Motorola 378 mobile phone)

The equipment serial number is allocated by a manufacturer.

Numbering Plan of CDMA System -- TLDN


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Numbering Plan of CDMA System TLDN

+CC MAC H 0H 1H 2 ABC+ ++44

Temporary local directory number

For example, 8613344755001

Numbering Plan of CDMA System-- SID/NID


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Numbering Plan of CDMA System SID/NID

MSCID (Exchange Identity)

= System Identity (SID) + Exchange number (SWIN)

is used to represent a certain piece of equipment inan NSS network. For example,

Unicom CDMA Shenzhen MSC is labeled as 3755+01

Numbering Plan of CDMA System--


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Location Area Identity

Numbering Plan of CDMA SystemLAI

PAGING message is broadcast within a local area, the size of which depends ontraffic, paging bearer capability, signaling flow , etc.

Format: MCC+MNC+LAC

MCC: Mobile Country Code, 3 digits. For example, China is 460.

MNC: Mobile Network Code, 2 digits. For example, the MNC of Unicom is03.

LAC: Location Area Code, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code. 0000cannot be used with FFFE.

For example, 460030100



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Global Cell Identity

Numbering Plan of CDMA SystemGCI

The only identity of a cell in PLMN

Format: LAI+CI

GCI is the only identity of all cells in CDMA PLMN and is made up of an

LAI plus a Cell Identity (CI).CI: Cell Identity, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code, to be specified bythe operation department. The first 3 digits and the last digit representrespectively the base station number and the sector number. For anomni-directional site, the last digit of CI is 0.

For example, 4600301001230 (No.123 base station at a certain place is anomni-directional site)



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Sender Identification Number

Numbering Plan of CDMA SystemSIN

MSC number

The MSC number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 + H0H1H2H3 +

1000.

HLR number

The HLR number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 + H0H1H2H3 +

0000.

SMC number

The SMC number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 + H0H1H2H3 +

2000.

SCP number

The SCP number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 + H0H1H2H3 +

3000.



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Sub-System Number

Numbering Plan of CDMA SystemSSN

SSN of MSC: 8

SSN of VLR: 7

SSN of HLR: 6

SSN of AC: 10

SSN of SMC: EE

SSN of SCP: EF

SSN of A interface: FE/FC

SSN of SCCP management: 1

CDMA 1X Technology Review


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CDMA 1X Technology Review

Chips rate: 1.2288Mcps

IS-95A/B is a subset, RC1/RC2

Apply the coherent demodulation to the reverse pilot channel

Forward transmit diversity: OTD and STSForward quick power control at 800HZ rate

Improve the standby time by introducing the quick paging channel.

Variable frames: 5ms, 20ms, 40ms and 80ms

Introduce TURBO code into channel encoding

The maximum rate of a physical layer is up to 307.2K


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Thanks!

CDMA2000 Principle3

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Transcript of CDMA2000 Principle3