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CDMA Systems Evolution to VoIP- Network Migration- Vocoder Technologies- Standards Support

Gino Scribano, Distinguished Member of Technical StaffCDG VoIP SummitFeb 8th, 2005


IMS/MMD Architecture Issues

CDG Questions#15, How could IMS/MMD architecture be

leveraged to a competitive advantage ...#18, What migration strategy would you

recommend when transitioning from CS …


Device Convergence1 device, accessing multiple services, via multiple access technologies

Service Convergence1 service, serving multiple devices, over multiple access technologies.

Network Convergence1 unified core, connecting multiple services to multiple devices over multiple access mechanisms

3G RAN

BSC

BSC

2G RAN

WLAN

GSM Core

CDMA Core

Enterprise

Services

Services

Services

3G RAN

BSC

BSC

2G RAN

WLAN

GSM Core

CDMA Core

Enterprise

Services

3G RAN

BSC

BSC

2G RAN

WLAN

ConvergedCore

Network

Services

Services

Services

Services

Industry-Wide Convergence


Competitive Advantage through Rich Services & Applications

The Evolution to IMS/MMDBuilding Rich Services and Applications Every Step of the Way

1XEV-DORev. A

Circuit switch

IMS/MMDSuper Structure

IMSBridge

IMS/MMD Foundation

IS-95 1X

1xEV-DOACCESS

CORE

PoC VoIP for WiFi VoIP for CDMA

E-MAILw/ Attachment

HIGH DATA RATE & CAPACITY

LOW-MED DATA & CAPACITY

NO

N-R

EAL

TIM

E REAL TIM

E

E-MAIL

Full Web Browsing

S/WDownload

MusicDownload

Location Based Services

SMS

Multi-MediaMessaging

DownloadRingers

Transaction Based Apps

Voice

InteractiveGaming

Live VideoBroadcast

VideoConference

Applications

Handsets


IP

SoftswitchSoftswitchMSCMSC

HLRSMSCOTA etc.

PoCPoC

App. ServersApp. Servers

ANSI41/MAP/ISUP SS7

CDMA Access

Networks

BSC

Internet

PSTN

SS7Network

Packet Data Network

AAA HA

PDSN

Location Location ServicesServices

Migration Phase I – Today

1X / HRPD-0ServiceServiceDelivery Delivery

platformsplatforms

1X / HRPD access networksSoft switch with separate signaling and controlIP based Data, PoC & Location services , etc.WAP enabled devices with JAVA/BREW capabilities

ServicesServices


IP

Packet CorePDSN

SoftswitchSoftswitchMSCMSC

HLRSMSCOTA etc.

IMSIMS

HSS HSS (DS)(DS) SIP ISC

ANSI41/MAP/ISUP SS7

WLANData

Cable & DSL

Alternate Access

Networks

CDMA Access

Networks

Internet

PSTN

SS7Network

Migration Phase II – IMS/MMD Foundation - Starting in 2005

IMS/MMD call server supports alternate access -broadband and WLANIP backhaul and transportIncremental services via IMSWiFi enabled VoIP devices

PushPush--ToTo--XX

Presence Presence ServicesServices


ServicesServices

BSC

CS DomainServiceServiceDelivery Delivery

platformsplatforms


BSC

Migration Phase III - IMS Bridge -Starting in 2006

IPPacket CorePDSN

SoftswitchSoftswitchMSCeMSCe

HLRSMSCOTA etc.

IMSIMS

HSS HSS (DS)(DS)

SIP ISCSIP

ANSI41/MAP/ISUP SS7

WLANVoice / Data

Cable & DSL

Alternate Access

Networks

CDMA Access

Networks

Internet

PSTN

SS7Network

Real-time MMD services - VoIP

DO Rev A

HRPD-A RANDual mode handsets for HRPD-A / WiFiBCMCS serverIMS call server supports Cable / WLAN voice & dataWiFi VoIP - IMS bridges PS and CS domains

PushPush--ToTo--XX

BCMCS BCMCS ServicesServices

802.16802.16


ServiceServiceDelivery Delivery

platformsplatforms


IP

Packet Core(PDSN/GGSN)

SoftswitchSoftswitchMSCeMSCe

HLRSMSCOTA etc.

IMSIMS

HSS HSS (DS)(DS)

SIP ISC

SIP

ANSI41/MAP/ISUP SS7

VoIP for HRPD-AWideband audio and narrowband telephonySeamless mobility for VoIP enabled devices Converged IP core networkCost effective platform solution that permits full assets reuse as technologies evolve

CDMA Access

Networks

BSC

Internet

PSTN

Migration Phase IV – IMS/MMD Super Structure - Starting in 2007

PushPush--ToTo--XX

BCMCS BCMCS ServicesServices

WLANVoice / Data

Cable & DSL

Alternate Access

Networks

802.16802.16

ServiceServiceDeliveryDelivery

PlatformsPlatforms



VoIP Vocoder Issues

CDG Questions#4, Can VoIP match Voice quality and

Performance of a Circuit Switched Network ...

#5, What impact will VoIP have on CDMA capacity for mixed voice and data traffic ...

#6, What are the tradeoffs between system capacity, voice quality, QoS and other parameters ...


Voice Bearer Path Reference

M-MBypass

M-L M-LVoIP

Circuit M-LVoIP

End-to-EndM-M

Tandem

MSCMSC

BSC

AccessGW

PSTN

MSCMSC

BSC

MediaGW

VoIPGW

AN/BSC

AN/BSC

PSTN Internet

AccessGW

M-MTandem

M-MBypass

Circuit Switched VoIP via IMS/MMD


Voice Quality by Call Type

Best(WB; tandem free)

Better(NB; tandem free)

VoIP E2E, M-M Vocoder Bypass(SCH air, IP network)

Good+(NB; + if RS2)

Good(= baseline if QoS)

VoIP M-L, M-M Tandem(SCH air, PCM network)

Best(WB; tandem free)

Better(NB; tandem free)

Circuit M-M Vocoder Bypass(DCH air, Circuit data network)

Good+(NB; + if RS2)

Good(Baseline)

Circuit M-L, M-M Tandem(DCH air, PCM network)

Wideband Vocoder

(Eg, VMR-WB)

Narrowband Vocoder

(Eg, EVRC)

Call Type(Bearer Path)


Voice Performance by Call Type

BetterGood

BetterBetter

GoodVoIP M-L, M-M Tandem(SCH air, PCM network)

Good(2 RF links)

BestBetter(tandem free)

Circuit M-M Vocoder Bypass(DCH air, Circuit data network)

Better(tandem free)

BestGood

Delay

Good

Best

Jitter

GoodVoIP E2E, M-M Vocoder Bypass

(SCH air, IP network)

BestGood

Circuit M-L, M-M Tandem(DCH air, PCM network)

FrameLoss

Call Type(Bearer Path)

Good: 250 ms end-to-end delay, 20ms jitter, 2% end-to-end frame lossBest: 150ms end-to-end delay, 0.5ms jitter, 1% end-to-end frame loss


Vocoder Negotiation in IMS/MMD

AccessGW

MGCF

AN/BSC

AN/BSC

AccessGW

PSTN

Alice Bob

Alice Bob

INVITE[media= EVRC, 13K]

Response OK[media= EVRC]

ACK

EVRC

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP)enable end-to-end, prioritized, media (eg, vocoder) type negotiation.

CSCF

Vocoder type and Transcodinglocation are dependent on terminaldevice capabilities and intermediateGateway capabilities


VoIP Vocoder Summary

VoIP can offer same voice quality as circuit for M-L and M-M tandem call typesVoIP can offer higher voice quality for M-M and end-to-end M-L IP

Effectively supports vocoder bypass & negotiationEnables higher quality wideband vocoders

VoIP can approach typical circuit switched voice performanceRequires effective QoSRequires well-engineered transport networks

SIP /SDP protocols enable scalable vocoder negotiation & technology insertionIMS/MMD architecture enables centralized and distributed transcoder locations


VoIP Standards Issues

CDG Questions#3, Do current standards fully support

Network VoIP implementation #10, Can VoIP provide seamless

handoff mobility management …


3GPP2 VoIP Standards Gaps

VOIP Standards in ProgressMultiple packet connections in HRPD

Required to support simultaneous VoIP and data sessionsTIA-2000-C (Multiple service instances) and C.S0063 (Multi-Flow Packet Application) completeTIA-835-D (QoS), HRPD-IOS-A (Multi-Flow Packet Application), IOS v5.1 (QoS), TIA-856-A Addendum (minor enhancements) in progress

Intra-technology HRPD Active Hard Handoff SupportRequired to prevent VoIP service interruption during handoffHRPD IOS Rev A or Rev A Addendum in progressFast Handoff support (TBD)


3GPP2 VoIP Standards Gaps - 2

VOIP Standards Gaps Not Yet Targeted for a ReleaseInter-technology Handoff between HRPD and 1X

Required for VoIP-to-VoIP and 1X Circuit-to-VoIP handoff triggered by coverage boundariesEnhancements to TIA-873 (MMD), TIA-2000, TIA-856, HRPD IOS, and TIA-835 are needed

Inter-technology Redirection between HRPD and 1XRequired for VoIP-to-VoIP and 1X Circuit-to-VoIP handoff triggered by network events and preferencesExamples: overload control, preferred network available, etc.Enhancements to TIA-873 (MMD), TIA-2000, TIA-856, HRPD IOS, and TIA-835 are needed


3GPP2 VoIP Standards Conclusion

Recommend 3GPP2 prioritize work to close standards gaps

Motorola, Sprint and US Cellular jointly introduced a work item (3GPP2-0094) to support these featuresSpecifications in progress complete in 05’Specifications involving call terminations, originations and intra-technology active handoffs is possible in 05’Inter-technology active handoff work is possible in 06’


Backup Material


Acronyms & Definitions

Shared Channel – Eg, HRPD Traffic ChannelSCH

Dedicated Channel – Eg, 1X Fundamental ChannelDCH

Media Gateway Control FunctionMGCF

Call Session Control FunctionCSCF

Audio signal bandwidth 50-7000 Hz; requires 16 KHz PCM samplingWideband (WB)

M-L or M-M call supporting RTP/IP bearer between terminal devices VoIP End-to-End

Audio signal bandwidth 200-3500 Hz; requires 8 KHz PCM samplingNarrowband (NB)

Mobile to Mobile call involving one vocoder stage in the bearer pathM-M Vocoder Bypass

Mobile to Mobile call involving more than one vocoder stage in the bearer pathM-M Tandem

Mobile to Land callM-L


Wideband Vocoder Overview

Higher fidelity than Narrowband (eg, EVRC) vocodersWideband audio bandwidth 50-7000 Hz (16 KHz sampling)Narrowband audio bandwidth 200-3500 Hz (8 KHz sampling)

Wideband Narrowband InterworkingEnables circuit switched M-L and M-M Tandem calls with wideband service option assigned to mobiles

Current technology requires Rate Set 2 (14.4 kbps) radio channel for highest voice quality

Rate Set 2 enables higher average data rate (ADR)Higher ADR enables better recovery in frame error/loss conditions

Vocoder technology improvements enable Rate Set 1 (9.6 kbps) to be used with very good voice quality

Rate Set 1 quality is expected to be near Rate Set 2 quality in low frame error/loss conditions


Voice Performance Factors Overview

Delay factorsNumber of Vocoder stages in pathDedicated circuit vs. shared packet links

Jitter factorsDedicated circuit vs. shared packet linksNumber of shared packet links in path

Frame Loss factorsNumber of air interface links in pathDedicated circuit vs. shared packet links

CDMA Systems Evolution to VoIP - cdg.org RAN BSC BSC 2G RAN WLAN GSM Core CDMA Core Enterprise...

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