CD-404219 - levittownschools.comsites.levittownschools.com/ckind/Documents/Grammar...

4

4

4

4

4

Vocabulary

Sentence Construction

Sequence

Usage

Punctuation

CD-404219

Centered around Common Core State Standards, Common Core: Grammar Usage is designed to help students improve written and spoken language skills. Practice pages,student charts, graphic organizers, research challenges, discussion starters, games,group activities, and recommended reading lists enable students to practice skills usedin writing and speaking effectively. Skills covered include building an effective vocabulary,mastering complex sentence construction, utilizing tenses to clarify sequence, eliminatingcommon usage errors, and harnessing the power of punctuation.

4 Aligned with the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts

4 Includes glossary of specialized vocabulary, answer key, and standards matrix

4 Correlated to Common Core State, National, and Provincial standards. Visit www.carsondellosa.com for correlations.

Mark Twain Media/Carson-Dellosa Publishing LLC

P.O. Box 35665

Greensboro, NC 27425

www.carsondellosa.com

Practice Pages• Student Charts• Graphic Organizers• Research ChallengesDiscussion Starters•Writing Prompts• Games• Group Activities• Recommended Reading Lists

Visit learningspotlibrary.com for FREE activities!

GRADES6-8

Printed in the U.S.A.

CD-404219

ISBN978-1-62223-468-4

Common Core

GrammarUsage

AUTHOR: LindaArmstrongEDITORS: MaryDieterichandSarahM.AndersonPROOFREADER: MargaretBrown

COPYRIGHT©2014MarkTwainMedia,Inc.

PrintingNo.404219-EB

MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,PublishersDistributedbyCarson-DellosaPublishingLLC

Thepurchaseofthisbookentitlesthebuyertoreproducethestudentpagesforclassroomuseonly.OtherpermissionsmaybeobtainedbywritingMarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers.

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.

Visit us at www.carsondellosa.com

CommonCore:GrammarUsage

ii404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers

Table of Contents

TableofContents

iii Introduction:Grammar,Usage,and

Vocabulary

iv CommonCoreMatrixChart

1 ResourcesforTeachers

Editing

2 TheImportanceofEditing(Practice

Page/Pretest)

Vocabulary

3 ChoosingtheRightWord

4 Antonyms

5 ConfusingHomonyms

6 ConfusingHomonyms

7 MoreHomonyms

8 Synonym,Antonym,andHomonym

ScavengerHunt

9 BeyondMake,Do,andSee:Expressive

Verbs

10 PreciseNouns

11 WordRelationships:Analogies

12 ShadesofMeaning

13 GreekandLatinRoots

14 Affixes

15 WordsFromAroundtheWorld

16 PrivateLanguages:ResearchingJargon

andSlang

17 TechnicalVocabulary

18 PortmanteauWords

Sentence Construction

19 FragmentstoSentences

20 CompoundSentences

21 ComplexSentences

22 SentenceVariety

23 CompoundComplexSentences

24 DanglingModifiers

Agreement

25 ParallelConstruction

26 SubjectandVerbAgreement

27 ActiveandPassiveConstructions

28 TrickyPronouns

29 Possessives

30 Description

Usage

31 CommonUsageErrors

32 CommonUsageErrors

33 UsagePractice

34 CommonlyMisusedWords

Punctuation

35 Commas

36 Commas

37 TitlesandQuotations

38 OnYourMark,GetSet,Punctuate!

Opinion

39 AreUsage,Grammar,andVocabulary

Important?

Teacher Resources

40 WordandPhraseListsforExercises

andGames(TeacherResources)

41 GlossaryofTechnicalTerms

43 AnswerKeys

Introduction:Grammar,Usage,andVocabulary

Introduction: Grammar, Usage,and Vocabulary

Grammar,usage,andvocabularyaretheclothingofideas.Errors,inappropriateexpres-sions,orawkwardconstructionscandiscredit themostoriginal thoughts, themostheartfeltfeelings,andthemostvitalmessages.

ThisbookisdesignedtohelpstudentsmasterCommonCorelanguageskills.Guidedpracticepagesintroduceandreviewimportantconcepts.Mostexercisepagesincludediscus-sionsuggestionsandchallengesforindividualorsmallgroupexploration.Creativeskill-build-ersincludingresearchchallenges,graphicorganizers,andwritingpromptspushstudentstoapplynewmaterialandtothinkcriticallyabouttheideaspresented.

ThefirstsectionofCommon Core: Grammar Usagechallengesstudentstobuildpower-fulvocabularies.Exercisesprovidepracticewithsynonyms,antonyms,andhomonyms.Movingontohelpstudentsdevelopamoreeffectiveprosestyle,thebookencouragesbuddingauthorstoexplorelivelyverbs,precisenouns,andvividmodifiers.

Next,youngwordsmithshonetheirunderstandingofshadesofmeaningthroughanalo-gies,connotations,GreekandLatinroots,andaffixes.Exercisesalsocovertechnicalvocabu-laryusedbyprofessionalsinvariousfields,Portmanteauwords(motor+hotel=motel),andEnglishwordsborrowedfromotherlanguages.

Grammarpracticepagesreviewsentenceconstruction.Theyinvitestudentstotrans-formcontortedpassivesentencesintolivelier,moredirectversions.Exerciseshelpyoungwrit-erscombineindependentandsubordinateclauses.

ThelastpartofthebookcoverstheconventionsofStandardEnglishusage.Studentpagesreviewmisusedwords,danglingmodifiers,parallelconstruction,subjectandverbagree-ment,pronouns,possessives,andpunctuation.

Common Core: Grammar UsageispartofMarkTwainMedia’sCommon Coreseries,which focusesonhelpingstudentsmeet theCommonCoreStateStandards in theEnglishLanguageArts.Activitiesintheseriesoffermanyopportunitiesforwrittenresponse,andmostoftheinteractivepagesincludeDiscussionsuggestionsandChallenges.Thesearedesignedtoencouragecritical thinkingandcreativeproblemsolvingandto launchpersonalorgroupresearchprojects.

Foreasyuse,organizationalfeaturesintheCommon CoreseriesincludedetailedTablesofContents,CommonCorematrixcharts,andlistsofteacherresourcestohelpbusyeduca-torslocaterelevantmaterialsefficiently.Thebooksalsocontainstudentglossariesoftechnicaltermsandanswerkeysfortheworksheets.

TitlesintheCommon CoreseriesincludeElements of Literature, Conducting Research Projects, Complex Issues in Text, Types of Text,andGrammar Usage.


iii404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers


iv404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers

Common Core State Standards Matrix

©Copyright2010.NationalGovernorsAssociationCenterforBestPracticesandCouncilofChiefStateSchoolOfficers.Allrightreserved.FormoredetailsontheCommonCoreStateStandardsvisitwww.corestandards.org.

CommonCoreStateStandardsMatrix

English Language Arts Standards: Writing in History/Social Studies, Science

& Technical Subjects (WHST); College and Career Readiness Anchor

Standards for Language (CCRA)

Page

1 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.1,2,3,4,5,62 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.1,2,3,3 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.4,54 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,55 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,56 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,57 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,58 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,59 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,510 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,511 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,512 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,513 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,514 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,515 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,516 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,517 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,518 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,519 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.1,2,320 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,3

English Language Arts Standards: Writing in History/Social Studies, Science

& Technical Subjects (WHST); College and Career Readiness Anchor

Standards for Language (CCRA)

Page

21 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,322 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,323 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,324 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,325 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,326 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,327 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,328 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,329 WHST.6-8.1.c,2.d,4,5;CCRA.L.330 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,331 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,332 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,333 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,3,4,534 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,3,4,535 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.236 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.237 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.238 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.239 WHST.6-8.1.a,1.b,1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,340 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,3,4,5,641–42 CCRA.L.4,5,6


1404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers

ResourcesforTeachers

Resources for Teachers

Books: •When Bad Grammar Happens to Good People: How to Avoid Common Errors in Englishby

AnnBatko •CliffsStudySolver™ English GrammarbyJeffCoghillandStacyMagedanz •Verbal Advantage: Ten Easy Steps to a Powerful VocabularybyCharlesHarringtonElster •Grammar Girl Presents the Ultimate Writing Guide for StudentsbyMignonFogarty •The Least You Should Know about Vocabulary Building: Word RootsbyCarolFriend,Laura

D.Knight,andTeresaFersterGlazier •The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists: Grades K-12,FifthEditionbyEdwardB.Fry,Ph.D.

andJacquelineE.Kress,Ed.D. •A Grammar Book for You and I (Oops, Me): All the Grammar You Need to Succeed in Life

byC.EdwardGood •Punctuation at Work: Simple Principles for Achieving Clarity and Good StylebyRichard

Lauchman •The Writer’s Digest Grammar Desk ReferencebyGaryLutzandDianeStevenson •The Best Little Grammar Book Ever!: 101 Ways to Impress With Your Writing and Speaking,

ArleneMiller •Children’s Writer’s Word Book,2ndEdition,AlijandraMogilner •Woe is I, The Grammarphobe’s Guide to Better English in Plain English, PatriciaT.O’Conner •Word Smart,5thEdition(SmartGuides)byThePrincetonReview •English Grammar for the Utterly ConfusedbyLaurieRozakis,Ph.D. •Errors in English and Ways to Correct ThembyHarryShaw •The Only Grammar Book You’ll Ever Need: A One-Stop Source for Every Writing Assign-

mentbySusanThurmanandLarryShea •Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to PunctuationbyLynneTruss

Websites •ASUCollegeofLiberalArtsandSciencesGrammarPracticeSheets <http://english.clas.asu.edu/enged-grammarpractice> •EnglishGrammarRulesandUsage.YourDictionary:TheDictionaryYouCanUnderstand, <http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/> •FreeTechnologyforTeachersbyRichardByrne:TenGrammarGamesandLessonResources <http://www.freetech4teachers.com/2009/08/ten-grammar-games-and-lesson-resources.

html> •GrammarGirl’sQuickandDirtyTips<http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/grammar-girl> •HowtoUseaSemicolonbyTheOatmeal<http://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolon> •NationalCouncilofTeachersofEnglish<http://www.ncte.org/> •NationalWritingProject:ImprovingWritingandLearningintheNation’sSchools <http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource_topic/teaching_writing> •PurdueOWL(OnlineWritingLab)<https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/> •TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill:TheWritingCenterHandouts <http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/>



Name: Date:

TheImportanceofEditing

The Importance of Editing

Directions:Howmanyerrorscanyoufind?Circlethem.Thenanswerthequestions.

Ifuredthisinaemail,umitenothavethowtanythingwuzrong,butifufownditin

abook,uwoodwunderubowtit.Uwoodthinktheawthurdidn’tnowhathewuzdoing.

Evenifeverythinginthetekstiztroo,uprobablywoodnottrustit.

Whenu riteapaper it izagud idia to riteqwiklee.Udon’thav twoworryubowt

mistakes.Nobodywillcthatdrafteseptyou.Whenyoreidiasaredownonpaper,your

readytoprepairyourworkforotherz.

Usinguppropreutvocabulary,cleerpunctuation,andkorectspelingislikewaringthe

riteoutfitforanokashion.Youwoodnotwarepartyclosetothebeechorhikingcloseto

aweding.

1. Whydon’tyounoticegrammarandusageerrorsasmuchinemailsasyoudoinapub-

lishedarticleorareport?

2. Whatkindsofwrittencommunicationsareformalandrequirecarefulediting?Why?

3. Whyisitagoodideanottoworryabouterrorswhenwritingafirstdraft?

4. Howisinformalspeechdifferentfromformalspeech?Whenwouldyouuseeach?



Name: Date:

ChoosingtheRightWord

Choosing the Right Word

Directions: Choosetwosynonymsforeachword.Writethemonthelines.Useadictionaryorthesaurusifnecessary.

1. able

2. delay

3. ask

4. remote

5. noise

6. hurry

7. sorry

8. end

9. learn

10. disaster

Synonyms secluded rush ascertain calamity postpone uproar regretful halt question distant capable terminate accelerate interrogate comprehend catastrophe penitent clamor competent procrastinate

Discuss:Whenwoulditbebettertousecan’t standinsteadofabhor?Why?Giveexamplesofothersituationsthatcallforinformalvocabulary.Whyisitimportanttoknowmorecomplex,specificwords?

Challenge:Chooseonesetofsynonyms.Writeasentenceforeachone.Howdoesthiswordchoiceaffectthemeaningofthesentence?

Game:Play Interrogation.Taking turnsaskingquestions, twoteamsorcontestantsviewithoneanothertobethefirsttoguessthewordonanindexcardheldbytheteacheroramodera-tor.Sample questions:Whatisasynonym?Whatisanantonym?Howmanysyllablesdoesithave?Whatisitspartofspeech?(Ifthereareseveral,themoderatoroffersone.)Thefirsttoguessholdsthecard.Thecontestantorteamwiththemostcardsattheendofthegamewins.Additionalsynonymscanbefoundonlineorinathesaurus.



Name: Date:

Antonyms

Antonyms

Directions: Drawlinestomatcheachwordwithitsopposite.Useadictionaryorthesaurusifnecessary.

1. agree

2. slender

3. formal

4. confident

5. entrance

6. friendship

7.modesty

8. focus

9.consecrate

10.wild

11. awake

12. similar

13. pristine

14. clumsy

15. sophisticated

Discuss:Whyareantonymsbetter thansynonyms fordefiningsomewords?Doallwordshaveantonyms?Canyouthinkofonethatdoesnot?

Challenge:Chooseapairofantonyms.Writesentencesshowingthemeaningofeachword.Combinesentenceswrittenbyfellowclassmemberstocreateanillustratedbookoranonlinequiz.

conceit

desecrate

diffident

digress

dilapidated

enmity

dissimilar

docile

casual

egress

callow

drowsy

graceful

contradict

corpulent



Name: Date:

ConfusingHomonyms

Confusing Homonyms

Directions:Writethecorrectwordineachblank.

1. Allofuswenttothemoviesyesterday Terry.

accept except

2. Turninginthatreportlatewill yourgrade.

affect effect

3. Theoldman’sdaughterwashissole .

air heir

4. Theofficeisplanningto oneprojectortoeachtwoclassrooms.

a lot allot

5. Brittanyreadherfavoritepoem inEnglishclasstoday.

allowed aloud

6. Theschoolwillnotsell carbonateddrinks.

anymore any more

7. David’s toAnimal Farmimpressedourhistoryteacher.

illusion allusion

8. Brianmaintainsourclass andtheschoolonlinecalendar.

cite site sight

9. Paige,Kara’smost friend,wouldneversharethesecret.

discreet discrete

10. Theschoolisonlytwoblocks fromourhousethanthestore.

farther further

11. Ourneighbortriedto pennies,buthiswifetookthemtothebank.

horde hoard

12. Themountainmanlefta ofsuppliesinacave.

cash cache

Discuss:Isanunderstandingofhomonymsmoreimportantfororalorwrittenlanguage?Givereasonsforyouranswer.

Challenge:Writeasentenceforeachwordyoudidnotuse.



Name: Date:

ConfusingHomonyms

Confusing Homonyms

Directions: Writethebetterchoiceoneachline.

TonyandJack’seffortsto(1) discoveryhadan

(2) ontherelationships(3) their

friends.If(4) ,the(5) thatthey

hadsucceededin(6) deceptiondrovethemeven

(7) apart.A(8) eventwas

inevitable,butwhenithappened,itseemedtoariseoutofthin

(9) .

JackthoughthissisterDianewasmore(10)

thanshereallywas.WhenDianecaught(11) of

(12) (13) ofacademicaward

certificatesinhisdeskdrawer,sheputanendtotheir(14)

plans.Shemetthe(15) conspiratorsthenextmorningat

theschool(16) underthe(17) of

comradeship.She(18) toinformthemthattheywouldnot

be(19) tocontinuewiththeirplan.

Theydid(20) argue.

Discuss:Whatweretheboysgoingtodo?(Thereisnorightanswer.)Challenge:Writeastoryusingtheideasyoudiscussed.Includesomehomonymsfromthispage.

allude elude

illusion allusion

they’re their

any thing anything

among between affect effect

further farther climactic climatic

air heir

discreet discrete

sight site

there their cache cash

ingenuous ingenious

not knot

two to

gait gate guise guys

proceeded preceded

allowed aloud



Name: Date:

MoreHomonyms

More Homonyms

Directions:Circlethewordthatbestfitseachmeaning.

1. nervous tense tents tear tier

2. bladepushedbywind vain vein vane vile

3. nasty vile vial vein vane

4. portableshelters tense tents tear tier

5. withwheels wield wheeled versus waiver

6. bloodvessels vain vein vane tense

7. lyrics versus verses rote waiver

8. typeofcontract tense tents waiver waver

9. against verses versus vial vile

10. distantpast you’re yore your rote

11. theyare their there they’re theirs

12. conceited vain vein vane tense

13. layer tear tier vile vial

14. repetition wrote waiver verses rote

15. brandish wield wheeled versus waiver

16. liquidinaneye tear tier vile vial

17. spiral-shaped whirled world whorled yore

18. torethinkadecision tense tents waiver waver

19. glassbottle vile vial vein vane

20. wayofwalking gate gait cede alter



Name: Date:

Synonym,Antonym,andHomonymScavengerHunt

Synonym, Antonym, and Homonym Scavenger Hunt

Directions:Usethisorganizertogenerategroupsofsynonyms,antonyms,andhomonyms.Choosewordsfromatextbook,novel,play,orpoemyouarereading.Writethewordandiden-tifythesynonym,antonym,andhomonymforeachword.

Title:

Word Synonym Antonym Homonym

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.



Name: Date:

BeyondMake,Do,andSee:ExpressiveVerbs

Beyond Make, Do, and See: Expressive Verbs

Directions:Writeashortsentenceusingeachverb.Useadictionarytocheckthemeanings.

1. accomplish

2. challenge

3. contradict

4. destroy

5. exemplify

6. engage

7. expand

8. galvanize

9. manipulate

10. organize

11. observe

12. overcome

13. permeate

14. refute

15. resolve

16. replicate

17. verify

18. validate

Challenge:Reviewaselectionofyourownwriting.Circleeacham, are, was, is, have,andhad.Rewriteeachsentencesubstitutingamoreexpressiveverb.

9

Name: Date:



Name: Date:

PreciseNouns

Precise Nouns

Directions: Writeatermfromtheboxthatdescribesalloftheprecisenounsineachset.

food doctor tree boat teacher shape seed road job vehicle cloth storm mistake building

1. street,lane,highway,freeway,interstate,tollroad,thoroughfare,path,byway,sideroad,boulevard,drive,motorway,thruway,expressway

2. shack,mansion,palace,apartment,high-rise,manor,cottage,cabin,villa,farmhouse,hut,bungalow,lodge,chalet,castle,abode,CapeCod,Victorian

3. work,occupation,career,profession,employment,trade,business,teller,clerk,CEO,plumber,electrician,grower,engineer,realtor

4. physician,pediatrician,surgeon,psychiatrist,internist,oncologist

5. tutor,instructor,trainer,coach,lecturer,professor,mentor

6. error, blunder, slip-up, oversight, lapse, blooper,inaccuracy,misprint,flaw,boo-boo

7. pine, oak, birch, cottonwood, aspen, evergreen,deciduous,palm,magnolia,eucalyptus

8. acorn,nut,grain,kernel,pit,bean,wheat,oat

9. outline,form,triangle,hexagon,pentagon,silhouette,profile,contour,circle,ring,loop,disk,square,quadrangle

10. car,sedan,coupe,convertible,van,truck,SUV,bus,sportscar,semi

11. wool,gabardine,cotton,argyle,acrylic,nylon,calico,muslin,linen,satin,silk,velvet,knit,seersucker,taffeta,canvas,terrycloth,twill,lace,velour

12. speedboat,paddleboat,steamship,oceanliner,schooner,sailboat,whaler,windjammer,gondola,canoe,freighter,ferry,cruiser,catamaran,clipper

13. hurricane,tornado,blizzard,cyclone,squall,tempest,thunderstorm,typhoon,derecho,gale,cloudburst

14. carrots,blueberries,chocolate,mint,lettuce,kale,watermelon, chicken,sardines,pizza,cheddar,yogurt,oatmeal,sourdough,onions

Discuss:Sharea short selection froma textbook, poem, short story, or novel.Encouragelistenerstonameanyprecisenounstheyhear.

Challenge:Selectapieceofyourownwriting.Circleallof thenouns.Replaceanyvague,generalnounswithmorepreciseorcolorfulequivalents.



WordRelationships:Analogies

Word Relationships: Analogies

Directions:Circletherelationshipbetweenthesesetsofwords.

1. counterfeit:authentic::noxious:pleasant

synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia

2. placid:calm::knotty:complex


3. renown:renowned::fame:famous

synonyms antonyms clipped grammatical onomatopoeia

4. covert:overt::unlucky:lucky


5. abhor:adore::hate:love


6. cuke:cucumber::doc:doctor


7. fax:facsimile::memo:memorandum


8. email:electronicmail::cyborg:cyberneticorganism


9. lion:roar::bird:tweet


10. retract:repeal::repudiate:shun


11. cringe:flinch::bolster:support


12. celebrity:lackluster::conman:credible

synonyms antonyms member/group opposite characteristic

13. soldier:regiment::star:constellation

synonyms antonyms member/group portmanteau characteristic

14. trout:fish::poodle:dog


15. rubber:pliable::iron:rigid


Discuss:Motelisaportmanteauwordcombiningmotor+hotel.Photoisaclippedword,short-enedfromphotograph.Whyarewordsinvented?Canyouthinkofothers?Canyouthinkofanywordsthathavedisappearedovertheyears?Whydidtheyfadeaway?



Name: Date:

ShadesofMeaning

Shades of Meaning

Directions:Writeawordfromeachsetundertheconnotationthatfitsitbest.Useadictionarytocheckthemeaningsofunfamiliarwords.

1. complex profound abstruse

2. austere plain orderly

3. determined steadfast obstinate

4. resignation acknowledgement acceptance

5. temporary evanescent short-lived

6. eliminate obliterate end

7. doggedness resolution firmness

8. pleasure-seeker degenerate epicure

9. flout contravene disobey

10. sweet honeyed saccharine

Positive Neutral Negative

Example: antique old antediluvian

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Challenge:Lookuptheoriginandmeaningofmalapropism.Keepalistofmalapropismsyouencounter.



Name: Date:

GreekandLatinRoots

Greek and Latin Roots

Directions:Useadictionaryoronlineresourcetofindawordbuiltuponeachroot.

1. struct(build)2. tract(pull)3. hyper(over)4. fluxorflu(flow)5. dict(say)6. fractorfrag(break)7. inter(between)8. peri(around)9. gradorgress(step)10. hydr(water)11. ject(throwortoss)12. graph(write)13. ambu(walk)14. hab/hib(hold)15. imag(likeness)

Directions:Use themeaningsof roots toguess themeaningsof thesewords.Checkyourguesseswiththedictionary.

16. philanthropist:phil(love)+anthro(man)17. philosopher:soph(wisdom)18. bibliophile:biblio(book)19. bibliography:graph(write)20. phonograph:phono(sound)21. phonocardiograph:cardio(heart)22. cardiologist:logy(originallytospeak,nowtostudy)23. anthropologist:anthro(man)24. biology:bio(life)25. antibiotic:anti(against)

Discuss:Whatistherelationshipbetweenthewordsophomoreandthemeaningoftherootsoph?Whatdoyouthinkaboutthewisdomofsophomores?

Challenge:Usingonlinesoftware,generateacrosswordpuzzleusingwordsbasedonGreekorLatinroots.Usesynonyms,antonyms,orshortdefinitionsasclues.Here’sasitetotry:http://www.puzzle-maker.com/CW/



Name: Date:

Affixes

Affixes

Directions:Checkthemeaningsoftheprefixes,suffixes,androotsinadictionary.Thencirclethecorrectmeaningofeachword.

1. misogynist(mis+gyn+ist) a. aboywholovesgym b. apersonwhohateswomen c. adessertwithberries

2. amiable(ami+able) a. abletobeafriend b. abletoshootaccurately c. abletowanderfreely

3. resurgent(re+surg+ent) a. toperformsurgeryagain b. thesecondwaveinaseries c. risingupagain

4. antipathy(anti+path+y) a. astrongfeelingagainstsomeone b. apathleadingdownhill c. anallergytotrails

5. contraindicate(contra+in+dic+ate)a. tostartawaragainstadictator b. partofadance c. toadviseagainstsomething

6. infrasonic(infra+son+ic) a. soundsbelowthehumanhearingrange b. loud c. soundsabovethehumanhearingrange

7. intradermal(intra+derm+al) a. betweentwoteeth b. withinskinlayers c. tobrushteethwell

8. intramural(intra+mur+al) a. withinschoolwalls b. tolookbetween c. apainting

9. diurnal(diu+al) a. adyedvase b. anEgyptianfuneraryurn c. activeoropeninthedaytime

10. solvency(solv+ency) a. conditionofhavingcash b. acoronation c. anagencythatsolvesproblems

More Practice:Writefivewordsusingsomeofthefollowingprefixesorsuffixes.

Common Suffixes:-er, -est, -en, -ness, -ain, -ed, -ist, -y, -less, -ic, -ing, -ion, -ive, -ful, -or, -ion, -able, -ible, -al, -ial, -ment, -ious

Common Prefixes:mis-, un-, non-, dis-, re-, sub-, multi-, trans-, ad-, contra-, ex-, infra-, inter-, intra-, semi-

Discuss:Whichsuffixesaremostcommonlyusedwithadjectives,nouns,orverbs?Howcanthisobservationhelpyouunderstandwordmeanings?



Name: Date:

WordsFromAroundtheWorld

Words From Around the World

Directions: Writethewordthatfitseachclue.

typhoon depot chagrin ketchup zero calico robot monsoon entourage maelstrom cello bizarre juggernaut coffee banana

1. ACzechwordmeaningamechanicaldevicethatcanbeprogrammedtoperformtasks

2. AwordfromDutchmeaningaturbulentorviolentsituation

3. AwordfromChinesemeaningatropicalstormwithhighwinds

4. AwordfromChinesemeaningathicktomatosauce

5. AwordfromAfricanamingatropicalfruitwithathickyellowpeel

6. AwordfromArabicforapopularhotdrink

7. AwordfromArabicfortheheavyrainsoflatesummer

8. AwordfromArabicforanumberthatsignifiesnothing

9. AwordfromFrenchthatmeansverypeculiar

10. AwordfromFrenchthatmeansafeelingofhumiliationafteradisappointingevent

11. AwordfromFrenchthatmeansastation

12. AwordfromFrenchthatmeansagroupofpeoplefollowingace-

lebrity

13. AwordfromHindiforakindofcloththatwaspopularwithsettlers

intheOldWest

14. AwordfromHindithatmeansanunfeeling,unstoppablenegative

force

15. AnItalianwordforalargestringedinstrument



Name: Date:

PrivateLanguages:ResearchingJargonandSlang

Private Languages: Researching Jargon and Slang

Directions: Useonlineortextreferencestofindthemeaningofeachpoliticalterm.

1. bipartisanship

2. bullypulpit

3. campaign

4. caucus

5. coattails

6. lameduck

7. convention

8. darkhorse

9. delegate

10. filibuster

11. gerrymander

12. GOP

13. insidethebeltway

14. left-orright-wing

15. tolobby

16. photo-op

17. porkbarrel

18. pundit

19. slate

Discuss:Whataretheadvantagesofaspecial language?Whatarethedisadvantages?Adialectisaspeciallanguageforacity,state,orregion.Canyouthinkofanyexamplesofwordsthatbelongtoaregionaldialect?Canyounameabookorstorythatusesregionaldialect?

Challenge:Createadictionaryofjargonandslangusedbyoneofthefollowinggroups:

yourparentsasteenagers yourgrandparentsasteenagers classmates aparticularsport broadcastingorthefilmindustry journalism constructionindustry firefighting medicine legalprofession policeormilitary education plumbersorelectricians architecture transportation



Name: Date:

TechnicalVocabulary

Technical Vocabulary

Social Studies resources economy empire culture feudalism transportation producers supply ethnic executive capitalresources civilization colony landforms

Science mutualism respiration lightyear lithosphere crystal invertebrates atmosphere atom mantle asteroid vertebrates function galaxy igneous

Directions: Writeawordfromoneofthelistsaboveineachblank.

1. TheRoman surroundedtheMediterraneanSea.

2. Lords,vassals,andfiefswerepartof during the

MiddleAges.

3. About 20,000 settlers came to the Massachusetts Bay

inthe1630s.

4. Western beganinavalley

betweentheTigrisandEuphratesrivers.

5. Animalswithbackbonesarecalled .

6. Rocksthatcoolfromsuperheatedmagmaare .

7. Apluralisticsocietyincludesmany groups.

8. Plains,valleys,foothills,andmesasareexamplesof .

9. Freshwater,air,oil,andmineralsareexamplesofnatural .

10. Earth’s includesseverallayersincludingthetropo-

sphereandthestratosphere.

11. Human involvesinhalingandexhaling.

12. Whentwospeciesdependononeanotheritiscalled .

13. The three branches of our government are the legislative, the judicial, and the

.

14. Our istheMilkyWay.

15. Railroads,airlinesandhighwaysarepartsofour

system.

Discuss:Whyisitimportanttoknowanduseprecisetechnicalvocabulary?

Challenge:Createapersonalscienceorsocialstudiesdictionary.Keeptrackofnewwordsasyouencounterthem.



Name: Date:

PortmanteauWords

Portmanteau Words

Directions: Ontheline,writetheportmanteauwordthatmatcheseachorigin.

1. (breath+analyzer)

2. (camera+recorder)

3. (cinema+complex)

4. (day’s+eye)

5. (flutter+hurry)

6. (fourteen+night)

7. (gleam+shimmer)

8. (God+be[with]+ye)

9. (haggle+tussle)

10. (international+network)

11. (motor+hotel)

12. (outside+patient)

13. (pain+sting)

14. (picture+element)

15. (melt+weld)

16. (scribble+sprawl)

17. (sea+landscape)

18. (situation+comedy)

19. (smoke+fog)

20. (goo+slop)

21. (emotion+icon)

22. (breakfast+lunch)

emoticon sitcom pixel seascape daisy glimmer

motel camcorder cineplex outpatient smog meld

pang glop fortnight breathalyzer goodbye Internet

scrawl flurry hassle brunch

Discuss:Why were these words invented? Can you think of something that needs to benamed?Challenge:Writeaparagraphusingasmanyofthesewordsaspossible.Itwillprobablybesilly.Shareyourcreationswiththegroup.Class Book:Createanillustrateddictionaryofinventedwords.Forexample,youmightgener-ateatermforsomeonewhoborrowsthingsorsomeonewhoisalwayslate.



Name: Date:

FragmentstoSentences

Fragments to Sentences

Directions:Revisethesesentencefragmentstomakecompletesentences.

1. Theancienttreesseemingtotouchthedriftingwhitecloudsinthebluesummersky.

2. Aftertheconfusedandterrifiedpuppydashedacrossthebusystreet.

3. Sevenbabysparrowsflutteringaroundthebirdfeederaftertherainstopped.

4. Thetable,groaningunderitsburdenofpotatosalad,slicedroastbeef,cornonthecob,

barbecuedchickenwings,andwatermelon.

5. Thecircustigerpacinginhisornatecage.

6. Beforetherace,therunnerswarmingupinthepark.

7. Betweenthelibraryandthegrocerystore.

8. Fillingwithwaterduringrainstorms,thebattlefieldtrenchesduringWorldWarI.

9. Becausewaterexpandswhenitfreezes.

10. Wheneverawolfhowledinthenearbyforest.

11. Beyondthewheatfieldattheedgeoftown.

12. Underabridgespanningthemuddyriver.

Discuss:Whatisthedifferencebetweenafragmentandasentence?

Challenge:Expandoneoftherevisedsentencesintoaparagraphorastory.



Name: Date:

CompoundSentences

Compound Sentences

Directions:Underlinetheindependentclauses.Circlethecoordinatingconjunctions

1. Aquariusisawatercarrier,andancientEgyptiansassociatedtheNile’sannualfloodswithhisconstellation.

2. SomepeoplewantedGeorgeWashingtontoremaininpower,buthedeclined.

3. Thepriceofaproductdependsonthesupply,butitisalsocontingentuponthedemand.

4. Ananimalmaybecomeextinct,oritmayadapttochangesintheenvironment.

5. ThousandsofPuritansleftEngland,andtheyformedcoloniesinAmerica.

6. TheSonsofLibertyboardedships,andtheydumpedchestsofteaintotheharbor.

7. TheLeagueofNationsfirstmetin1920,anditdissolvedin1946.

8. Plateausarerelativelyflat,butmountainshavesteeporslopingsides.

9. Literacyenablescitizenstoreadaboutissues,anditencouragesthemtoshareopinions.

10. Ournation’sgovernmenthasthreebranches,andeachbranchhasdifferentresponsibilities.

11. TheUnionPacificRailroadbuilttrackwestwardfromCouncilBluffs,and the Central Pacific built track eastward from Sacramento.

12. FrancesoldtheLouisianaTerritorytotheUnitedStates,andthetreatywassignedonApril30,1803.

Writeacompoundsentenceforeachcoordinatingconjunction.

and:

but:

or:



Name: Date:

ComplexSentences

Complex Sentences

Directions:Underlineeachdependentclause.Circleeachsubordinatingconjunction.

1. AttheGeysersinCalifornia,15geothermalpowerplantsproducecleanelectricity.

2. Karliwillcomewhenshefinishesherhomework.

3. Mr.Carlsonistheonlyoneonourblockwhodoesnothaveadog.

4. Thevirus,whichisnewtoourarea,hascausedmanyillnesses.

5. NobodyknowswhyAndrewissolate.

6. Mia,whoisthemosttalentedartistinourclass,isdesigningtheposter.

7. Theroomwherethecommitteemeetsisonthesecondfloor.

8. Thegirlwhointroduceduswasmybestfriend.

Directions:Usethesubordinatingconjunctiontoaddadependentclausetoeachsimplesen-tence,creatingacomplexsentence

9. although:Ethanmadetheteam.

10. because:Laurencouldn’tgoonthetrip.

11. until:Jonathanhadtowait.

12. unless:Alexandrawon’tcome.

Discuss:What isasubordinate?Whyareconjunctions likeafter, how, although, if, unless, until, because, since, and whilecalledsubordinatingconjunctions?

Challenge:Findasimplesentence,acompoundsentence,andacomplexsentenceinastoryortextbook.Whatistheadvantageofeachtypeofsentence?



Name: Date:

SentenceVariety

Sentence Variety

Directions:Rewriteeachsentencebychangingtheorderofthedependentandindependentclauses.Youmighthavetosubstitutenamesforpronouns.

Example: 1. AfterTerryspentasummerworkingat thecityaquarium,shedecidedshewanted to

studymarinebiology. Terrydecidedshewantedtostudymarinebiologyaftershespentasummerworkingat

thecityaquarium

2. Whensedimentaryorigneousrocksareexposedtoheatandpressure,theychangeintometamorphicrocks.

3. Homemechanicspolluteriverswhentheydumpusedoilonthegroundbecauseitwashesintostormdrains.

4. Timrecordedthelevelofwaterinhisbackyardraingaugeafterthestormended.

5. ThepupilsofJake’seyescontractedwhenhesteppedoutintothebrightsunlight.

6. MikeandhisfriendscampedinthebackyardinordertoseethePerseidmeteorshower,

Discuss:Whatissentencevariety?Whyisitimportant?Howcanspottingindependentclaus-eshelpyoucreatemoreinterestingsentences?

Challenge:Changetheorderofclausesinasentencefromatextorstory.Whichversionisbetter?Why?



Name: Date:

CompoundComplexSentences

Compound Complex Sentences

Directions:Rearrangetheclausesineachsentence,creatingtwoadditionalversions.

1. Afterthedambroke,waterrusheddownthevalley,andthetorrentwashedtownsaway.

a.

b.

2. OncethetelegraphmadesendingmessagestotheWestCoasteasy,thePonyExpresswasnolongernecessary,anditwentoutofbusiness.

a.

b.

3.Because the praying mantis was so well camouflaged, thegrasshopperdidnotseeit,andthepredatorsecureditsmeal.

a.

b.

4. Afterthefault’sinitialmovement,seismicwavesspreadoutlikewavesinapond,andthegroundshook.

a.

b.

5. Nowthatthewildfiresareundercontrol,theroadshavereopened,andthetownisalmostbacktonormal.

a.

b.



Name: Date:

DanglingModifiers

Dangling Modifiers

Directions: Thesesentencesdon’tmakesense.Revisethem.Thefirstoneisdoneforyou.

1. Aftergettinguplate,thecarwouldn’tstart.(This says the car got up late.) Sample revisions: After getting up late, Vicky couldn’t start her car. or Vicky couldn’t start

her car after she got up late. or Vicky’s car wouldn’t start after she got up late.

2. Beforetakingattendance,firealarmbellsstartedringing.

3. Whilegettingreadyforschool,thephonerang.

4. Lookingatthecalendar,thescienceprojectwouldneverbefinishedontime.

5. Whilecrossingthestreet,agreatideadawned.

6. Oncesettledintotheseat,pasturesandfieldsflashedbythepassengercar’swindow.

7. Afterswingingintothesaddle,thehorseimmediatelybrokeintoagallop.

8. Beforeprintingoutthereport,thedogracedbyandknockedthelaptoponthefloor.

Discuss:Eachoftheseexamplesisridiculous.Explainwhy.

Challenge:Writeasentencewithadanglingmodifier.Combineyourexamplewithothersfromyourclasstocreateanonlinequiz.

ParallelConstruction

Parallel Construction

Directions:Ineachseries,circlethewordorphrasethatisnotanobjectoftheverb.Rewritethesentenceusingadifferentverbforeachitemintheseries.

Example:Iambakingcupcakes,apie,andwashingthedishes.Revised:Iambakingcupcakes,makingapie,andwashingthedishes.

1. YesterdayIboughtshoes,avideogame,andmetmyfriendatthemall.

2. Weatesandwiches,apples,andshotafewbasketsinthepark.

3. Victordrankabottleofwater,aglassoflemonade,andateabagofchips.

4. SaraandEmilyfinishedthemathproblems,thehistoryquestions,andtookabreaktowatchamovieoncable.

5. Jasonearnedmoneyformowinglawns,collectingaluminumcans,andhewashedthreecars.

6. Thewindsdestroyedourtree,ourfence,andkeptusawakeallnight.

7. Thecomputerkepttrackofourappointments,ourassignments,andmadewritingreportseasier.

8. Peoplewerebuyingbatteries,bottledwater,cannedfoods,andlookingatgenerators.

9. IamgoingtocallJacob,Brittany,Tyler,andgrabaquicklunch.

10. Marcus is collecting igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and looking for metamorphicrocks.

Discuss:Whatisthedifferencebetweenarun-onsentenceandasentencethatdoesnotuseparallelconstructioncorrectly?Whyisitagoodideatoavoidboth?Challenge:Compilealistofactiveverbstousewhenrevisingsentences.

CommonCore:ComplexIssuesinText


Name: Date:



SubjectandVerbAgreement

Subject and Verb Agreement

Directions:Circlethecorrectverbform.

1. Boththedogandthecat(like/likes)thespotneartheheater.

2. Eithertheroadontheleftortheoneontheright(lead/leads)toMidlandCity.

3. Manyboys(enjoy/enjoys)footballorbaseball.

4. Women(hold/holds)anincreasingnumberofjobsinprofessionssuchasmedicineand

law.

5. History(teach/teaches)thateventhegreatestempiresriseandfall.

6. Oneofthemostprominentbranchesofgovernment(is/are)theExecutiveBranch.

7. Bothsupplyanddemand(is/are)importantforthedeterminationofprices.

8. Airlines(is/are)animportantpartofourtransportationsystem.

9. TheInternet(become/becomes)moreinfluentialeveryday.

10. Terry’sblog(reach/reaches)hundredsofpeopleperweek.

11. Neitheralizardnorarabbit(has/have)wings.

12. Theeveningnews(is/are)ontelevisionat6 p.m.

13. Macaroniandcheese(taste/tastes)deliciousonacoldwinternight.

14. “TheJumblies”(is/are)afamousnonsenseversebyEdwardLear.

15. EitherJeremyorhistwosisters(is/are)comingtothepartyonSaturday.

16. Everybody(expect/expects)ourteamtowintonight.

17. People(know/knows)thattherumorisn’ttrue.

18. Few(understand/understands)thatdifficultequation.

19. Neither(make/makes)sensetome.

20. Several(arrive/arrives)lateeverymorning.

Discuss:Whyisithardtochoosethecorrectverbformsforsomeofthesesentences?Challenge:Changethesubjectofeachsentencetomaketheunselectedverbformcorrect. Example: 12. Many shows are on television at 6 p.m.



ActiveandPassiveConstructions

Active and Passive Constructions

Directions:Changeeachpassivesentencetoanactiveconstruction.

Example: Passive:TheswimmingtrophywaswonbyLeon. Active: Leonwontheswimmingtrophy.

1. Theroadwasbuiltbytwocrewsinasinglenight.

2. Thestreetswerefloodedbymuddywatersflowingoverthetopofthedam.

3. TheTigerswerebeatenbytheLionsinovertime.

4. FortSumterwasfireduponbySouthCarolina,aConfederatestate,inApril1861.

5. Sedimentaryrocksareformedbytheaccumulationofsand,silt,orgravelinlayers.

6. Thesignalfirewasspottedbyrescuers.

7. Theboysweresavedbythesuppliestheyhadcarriedwiththem.

8. ThosenewsletterswerestapledandfoldedbyAnnemarieandChloe.

9. Allthefoodwaseatenbyyourdogs.

10. Thebestquestionswereaskedbythestudentsinthisroom.

11. Thedroughtwasbrokenbytorrentialmonsoonalrains.

12. Therabbitwaschasedbyahungryfox.

Discuss:Modernwriterspreferactiveconstructions.Why?

27



Name: Date:

TrickyPronouns

Tricky Pronouns

Directions:Underlineanyincorrectorunclearpronouns.Rewritethesentences.

Example: Incorrect: JasonsawKellyandIatthefair. Correct: JasonsawKellyandmeandthefair. (Think: He saw Kelly, and he saw me.)

1. MyunclegavethebooktoherandI.

2. Himandmewenttothemountainswithmydad.

3. TowhoamIspeaking?

4. WhosecomingtothepartyonFridaynight?

5. Himandhersaidyouwouldhelpuswiththereport.

6. Thehouseonthehillhadastonechimneyuntilitfelldown.

7. AnnawasalittletallerthanEmily,butshehadlongerarms.

8. DavidcouldthrowtheballharderthanIsaiah,buthewasmoreaccurate.

9. Badgradesirritatemyparents,andIavoidthemifIcan.

10. WhenMomdrovemetoschool,itstalled.

11. Saraharrivedatcampusthismorning,anditwasopen.

12. Thebearwhoturnedoverthegarbagecanlastnightmayreturn.



Name: Date:

Possessives

Possessives

Directions:Writethecorrectpossessiveformoneachline.

1. The baggagewastooheavy,andhehadtopayanextrafee.

mans mans’ man’s

2. The bedroomsmelledoffreshpaint.

childrens childrens’ children’s

3. Thesquirrelalmostlost stashofseedsandnuts.

its it’s its’

4. Theboyslost lastchancetocapturethechampionship.

they’re theyre’ their

5. Thievesstoleallofthe saddlesduringthenight.

horses horse’s horses’

6. Thosebinders,textbooks,andpencilsare .

ours our’s ours’

7. Thewomanclaimedthatthecarwas .

hers her’s hers’

8. backpackisgettingwetintherain.

Someones Someone’s Someones’

9. Our screensallfailedatonce.

laptops laptop’s laptops’

10. Both bicycleswerebroken.

brothers brother’s brothers’

Discuss:Whydoesn’tthepossessivepronounitscontainanapostrophe?Somepeoplethinkitshould.Doyouagreewiththem?Whyorwhynot?

Challenge:Findfivedifferentpossessivesinatextorstory.Aretheysingularorplural?Aretheynounsorpronouns?

29

Name: Date:



Name: Date:

Description

Description

Describeafamiliarplaceontheschoolcampus.Includesensorydetailsandsimiles.Class-matesshouldbeabletorecognizethelocale.

Describehowtodosomething.Uselivelyverbs.

Adjectivesdescribepeople,places,orthings.Theyincludecolorwords,sizewords,tempera-turewords,andmore.List10adjectives.

Adverbsdescribehow, when,orwhereactionsaredone.Manyadverbsendwith-ly.Example:slowly.Write10adverbs.

Discuss: Inastoryor textbook,findaparagraph thatdescribesaperson,place, thing,orevent.Shareyourselectionwiththegroup.Pointoutwords,phrases,anddetailsthatmaketheitemortheactionclear.



Name: Date:

CommonUsageErrors

Common Usage Errors

Directions: Rewritethesentencestocorrecttheerrors.

1. NeitherLogannorHunterwereabletohittheballinyesterday’sbiggame.

2. First,Momwon’tletmecomeandb.Idon’tevenlikeJennaandlastIdon’thavetransportation.

3. Notonlydidheforgetmybirthday,helostmyhousekeys.

4. Ontheonehand,Rachelhasbeenmybestfriendsincekindergarten,butIcannotignorethewayshetreatedmelastnight.

5. Asmuchthathewantstogoonthetrip,hewillhavetostayhome.

6. ThereasonKylewontheracewasbecausehepracticed.

7. Eitherfollowthedirectionsorelsefindanothercommittee.

8. EitherlookupthebattleontheInternetormaybetrytofindanarticleaboutitintheency-clopedia.

9. Ican’tclimbthefenceorunlockthegate,neither.

10. Hedidn’tstudyforthemathexam,butalsohearrivedtenminuteslateforclass.



Name: Date:

CommonUsageErrors

Common Usage Errors

Directions:Writethecorrectchoiceontheline.

1. Connorismuch thanTyler.

more taller taller tallest

2. Vanessaisthe ofthetwoactors,andIhopethedirectorchoosesher.

more better better best

3. Fivecontestantstriedout,butonlythe runnertookpartintherace.

more better better best

4. Ofallthefoodsyoucouldhavechosen,thatcreampuffseems healthful.

much less less the least

5. Dadalwaysinsistedupondrivingalittle beforestoppingatamotel.

far farther further

6. Elijacalculatedthe ofgamestheyneededtowintomaketheplayoffs.

number amount numbers

7. Amandaentered paintinginthetown’sshow.

the most unique the least unique a unique

8. Christopher’sscorewas .

the most perfect perfect more perfect than Sam’s

9. ZoegaveMichellethe complimentwhenshefollowedherexample.

ultimate penultimate most malicious

10. TheConfederacy’sresourceswere .

not infinite more infinite than the Union’s less infinite than they had hoped



Name: Date:

UsagePractice

Usage Practice

Directions: Rewriteeachcolloquialsentencetomakeitclearerandformallycorrect.

1. Thatchiliisplentyhot,sobecareful.

2. Iwillneveragreetothatargument.

3. Giraffesdifferwithantelopesinmanyways.

4. Williamagreedtotherestoftheteamabouttheirneedformorepractice.

5. Paige,whereareyouat?

6. Stephaniehaddozensofquestionsastothenatureoftheassignment.

7. Thecharitywalkcollectedthousandsofdollarsplusithelpedthehealthofparticipants.

8. Wewillreschedulethefestivalintheeventthatitrains.

9. OwingtothefactthatIwassicklastweek,Iwillbeturningmyreportinlate.

10. Procrastinationiswhereyouputsomethingoffuntilthelastminute.

11. Becausespeedisimportant,newsmediasometimesissuesinaccuratereports.

12. JuliaandConnorarealumnisofWestRiverHigh.

Discussion:Weallusesentencesliketheseinconversation.Peopleusuallyunderstandwhatwemean,buttheseconstructionsarenotformallycorrect.Howdoesthetoneofasentenceaffectitsmeaning?Whenwouldthismatter?

Challenge:Collectasmanycolloquialphrasesaspossiblethisweek.Lookuptheiroriginsinareferencebookoronline.Someofthemarecommonincertainpartsofthecountry.Variationssuchasthesearecalledregionaldialects.CanyouthinkofanyphrasesthatmakeyouthinkofNewYork,Chicago,orDallas?TrytheDialectMapofU.S.ontheInternet.



Name: Date:

CommonlyMisusedWords

Commonly Misused Words

Directions:Circlethewordthatbelongsineachblank.

1. Savannahrefusedto defeat. except accept expect

2. Thomaswouldn’taccept fromanyone. advice advise advised

3. HisteacheradvisedAnthonytotakeanother withhisreport,sincehiscurrentapproachwasn’tworking.

tacked tack tact

4. Yourconclusionsdon’t withtheevidenceyouhavepresented. jive jibe jib

5. A roadledthroughaspengrovestoamountainlake. tortured torturous tortuous

6. Herfather’s inventionchangedtheworldovernight. ingenuous ingenious engendered

7. conditionscanvaryfromyeartoyear. Climatic Climactic Climacteric

8. Trinitycould comewithus,butsheneededtohelphermom. have of had

9. Didthethiefinthemovie capture? elude elucidate allude

10. Anumberof musiciansattendedadinnerattheWhiteHouse. imminent eminent immense

11. Mattsat Benonthebusthismorning. beside besides between

12. Onebadtesthadno effectsonJustin’sfinalgradeintheclass. averse adverse advertise

13. A(n) reportwasissuedeachJanuaryandeachJuly. annual biennial biannual

Discuss:Whichofthesewordshaveyouconfusedinthepast?Shareatrickforrememberingitscorrectusage.Challenge:Lookupthesourceofthewordmalapropism.Collectexamples.



Name: Date:

Commas

Commas

Directions: Addcommaswhereneeded.

1. Ricktrustedonlyonefriendhisdog.

2. IwonderedcouldIreallyearnenoughmoneytopayforthetrip.

3. “Don’teverforgetthat”saidTony.

4. “Iwon’tcrossthatriver”saidNicole“unlessIhaveto.”

5. Afterspillingfromthecalderaofaneruptingvolcanomolten

lavapoursdownthesideoftheconeinaglowingriver.

6. ThePuritansafterarrivingatPlymouthgavethanksforasuccessfuljourney.

7. HenryFordwhilestillachildwasfascinatedbymachines.

8. Alexalovesbooksaboutfrogslizardsandsnakes.

9. Calebspenthissummerswimminghikingbikingandplayingbasketball.

10. Idon’twanttogotothemoonjumpoutofanairplaneorclimbMt.Everest.

11. “Iheardthat”saidBrianna“butI’llpretendIdidn’t.”

12. “Iwillplanthebikeroutecalltwopeopleandpacklunches”saidLisa“buttherestisupto

you.”

13. TheplayoffswillbeginonMay222016.

14. AmeliaEarhartwhiletryingtoflyaroundtheworlddisappearedwithoutatrace.

15. Mompromisedtobuypaperpencilsandfolders.

Discuss: Read one of these sentences aloud. How do commas help you understand themeaningofthesentence?

Challenge:Writeasentencethatincludesaseries,aquotation,andadate.Expandyoursen-tenceintoablogpost.



Name: Date:

Commas

Commas

Directions: Ineachsentence,circlethecommathatdoesnotbelong.

1. Astooped,weary,haggardold,manwatchedusfromtheporch.

2. Thestill,clear,icywatersofthelakereflectedthecloudless,sky.

3. Ethan’s,successwasduetopractice,nottoluck.

4. Instead,ofRyan,Jennawasstandingatthedoor.

5. Joseph,however,willnotarriveuntilnext,Saturday.

6. Youwill,I,believe,makeyourdreamscometrue.

7. Sam,whoisthepresidentofourclub,willwrite,alettertotheprincipal.

8. Thegirlwhoisinchargeofourcommitteewillsendeach,ofusacopyofthenotes.

9. AbrahamLincoln,thesixteenthPresidentoftheUnited,States,wasassassinated.

10. Aaron,will,youpleasestand?

11. DanielPierson,M.D.,willspeaktousonThursday,evening.

12. Sofia,willbemovingtoLosAngeles,California,onSeptember28,2015.

13. TylertoldMatthewouldmeethimatthepark,butMattdidn’thearhim,sohedidn’tshow,up.

14. BecauseTim,thepresident,ofourscienceclub,recommendedthebook,Iboughtit.

15. Mark,myolderbrother,willbegoingonatriptoWashington,withhisclass.

Discuss:Howcanextracommasbeconfusing?Giveanexample.



Name: Date:

TitlesandQuotations

Titles and Quotations

Directions:Rewriteeachsentencetoincludetheproperpunctuationforeachtitleorquota-tion,andfixanylettersthatshouldbecapitalized.

1. westudiedrobertfrost’spoemstoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyeveninginenglishclass.

2. Iread“Theoriginsofthecivilwar”inTheAmericanAdventurelastnight.

3. MyfavoriteshortstoryisThemostdangerousgamebyrichardconnell.

4. Evanlovesmythologyandepicpoems,especiallyTheIliadandTheOdyssey.

5. Thefilmwherethewildthingsarewasbasedonapicturebookbymauricesendak.

6. Thefilmholeswasbasedonayoungadultnovelbylouissachar.

7. Thenina,Thepinta,andThesantamariasailedfromSpaininAugust1492.

8. garrisonkeillor’sradioprogramTheWriter’sAlmanacfeaturespoetryselections.

9. Amandasaid,mr.Reedjustannounced,YourpapersaredueonMonday.Canyoubelieve

that?

10. IWanttoholdyourhandwasafamoussongbyThe

Beatles.

Discuss:Whyarethetitlesofstoriesandbookspunctuateddifferently?Woulditbebetterorworseifalltitleswerepunctuatedthesameway?Givereasonsforyouranswer.

Challenge:Listyourfavoriteshortstory,poem,bookchapter,magazinearticle,movie,play,andnovelalongwiththeauthorofeach.Usethecorrectpunctuation.



Name: Date:

OnYourMark,GetSet,Punctuate!

On Your Mark, Get Set, Punctuate!

Directions: Writethelettersforusesofeachpunctuationmarkintheappropriatecolumn.

Comma , Semicolon ; Colon : Parentheses ( )

Usesa. betweenseriesitemscontainingnootherpunctuationb. betweenindependentclausesnotjoinedbyaconjunctionc. afteranintroductorywordorwhenaddressingsomeonedirectlyd. betweenthenameofacityandastatee. tobeginalistf. toseparatehoursfromminutesandminutesfromsecondsg. tosetoffanonrestrictivewordorphraseinthemiddleofasentenceh. afteranintroductoryclausei. toenclosethenumberdesignatingatestquestionj. tosetoffthesubtitleofabookk. betweenitemsinaseriesifsomeofthemcontaincommasorotherpunctuationl. tosetoffansafterawordthatcouldbeeithersingularorpluralm.toshowtheorderofoperationsinmathematicalequationsn. tosetoffadditionalinformationortosetoffashortdefinitiono. tosetoffanindependentclausethataddsinformationp. tointroduceacharacter’sdialogueinaplayscript

Discuss:Thereismorethanonewaytoseparatetwoindependentclauses.Whatarethesemethods?Whatisthebestuseofeach?

Challenge:Writeasentenceusingeachofthesepunctuationmarks.Examineaselectionofyourownwriting.Circleallofthepunctuationmarks.Correctanyproblemsyoudiscover.



Name: Date:

AreUsage,Grammar,andVocabularyImportant?

Are Usage, Grammar, and Vocabulary Important?

Directions: Writeanopinionessayaboutcorrectusage.Thenprovidefacts,quotations,andexamplestosupportyouridea.Endyourpiecewithaconcludingstatementthatsummarizesyourargument.Addatitlewhenyoufinish.

Discuss:Shareyouressaywiththeclass.Afterhearingyourclassmates’opinions,pointoutanyideasorexamplesyouenjoyed.

Challenge:Writeanothershortessaydefendingtheoppositeopinion.Note:Eitherofthesepiecescanbehumorous.



WordandPhraseListsforExercisesandGames

Word and Phrase Lists for Exercises and Games

Commonly Confused Words ingenious,ingenuous climactic,climatic uninterested,disinterested jibe,jive elude,allude explicit,implicit tack,tact immanent,eminent leave,let lay,lie allusion,illusion,delusion like,as tortuous,torturous incredible,incredulous quote,quotation effect,affect epitaph,epithet take,bring advise,advice flaunt,flout imply,infer amoral,immoral morale,moral can,may,might adverse,averse proceed,precede bad,badly besides,beside respectful,respective who,whom,which,that biennial,biannual simple,simplistic quiet,quit,quite personal,personnel principle,principal statue,stature,statute their,they’re,there tasteful,tasty stationary,stationery then,than raise,raze,rise luxuriant,luxurious emigrate,immigrate farther,further fewer,less

Commonly Misused Words and Phrases (Possiblealternativesareinparentheses) hopefully(Let’shope) havegotto(must) asregardsto(asregards) irregardless(regardless) anyways(anyway) wouldof,couldof(wouldhave,couldhave) besureand(besureto) lousy(dirty,inferior) disremember(forget) thereasonwasbecause(thereasonwasthat) useto(usedto) usetocould(usedtobeableto)

Coordinating Conjunctions:and,but,for,or,neither,nor,either,yet

Subordinating Conjunctions: after, because, until, before, when, now that, in order that,once,than,where,whenever,sothat,although,if,since,because,as,while,unless

Conjunctive Adverbs:also,besides,furthermore,however,still,then,nevertheless,likewise

Prepositions:under,below,around,through,between,beneath,into,to,past,against,upon,by,toward,during,before,until,after,throughout,concerning,of,like,except,about

PronounsPersonal:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours,you,yours,he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,them,their,theirsDemonstrative:this,that,these,thoseReflexive(intensifyinganotherwordinthesentence):myself,himself,herself,yourself,your-selves,themselvesIndefinite: one, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, everybody, anything, anybody, some-thing,nobody,nothing,both,few,several,some,any,none,all,most



Glossary of Technical Terms

GlossaryofTechnicalTerms

adjective: aworddescribing(modifying)anoun.Adjectivesanswerthequestion,“Whatkindisit?”Color,size,shape,andagewordsareadjectives.Wordsdescribingqualities,ori-gins,andmaterialsarealsoadjectives.Manyadjectiveshavecomparativeandsuperla-tiveforms.Example:Jackwastall,butPetewastaller,andMarkwasthetallestinourclass.

adverb:aworddescribing(modifying)averb.Adverbstellwhen,where,orhowanactionisdone.Many,butnotall,adverbsendwiththeaffix-ly.Example:Acarcruisedslowlydowntheriverroad.

affix: ameaningfulpartusuallyaddedtothebeginningorendofaword;prefixes,suffixes,comparatives,superlatives,tenseforms,andpluralendingsareexamplesofaffixes

agreement: amatchbetweenthenumber,case,gender,orpersonoftwowords,suchasanounandpronoun,inasentence

analogy:acomparisonbetweentwosituationsorthingsthatarealikeinarelevantwayappositive: anounornounphrase renaming thenoun thatcomes justbefore it.Example:

Odysseus,oftencalledUlysses,wasalegendaryGreekking.brackets: apairofpunctuationmarks[]usedtosetapartoperationsinmathematicalequations

andtoencloseaddedinformationintextifthatinformationincludeswordsorphrasesinparentheses.Example:SamuelClemens[famousasMarkTwain(hispenname)]wasapopularlectureraswellasanovelist.

case: thesubjective,objective,orpossessiveformofanounorpronoun.Example:he,him,his

clause:agroupofwordsinasentence.Dependentclausesmodifyordescribeindependentclauses.Independentclausescanstandalone.

clarity: agoalofwritingorspeakingstyle.Whenwrittenorspokenlanguageachievesclarity,itconnectswithitsaudience.Effectivewordchoice,sentencestructure,andpunctuationallcontributetotheclarityoftext.

dangling participle: anintroductorywordorphrasethatdoesnotrelatetothesubjectofthesentence.Example:WalkingdownMainStreet,amodeltrainwhistled.

description: anexplanationincludingdetailsaboutaperson,place,thing,action,orevent,anarrative,report,oraccount

dependent clause:asubordinateclause.Aclausethatcannotstandalonebutrathermodifiesoraddsinformationtotheindependentclauseinasentence.Example:Whenthedooropened,myfriendwasstandingthere,soakingwet.

direct address:Addressingsomeoneusingtheirnameortitleiscalleddirectaddress.Inasentence,theperson’snameortitleissetoffbyacommaorasetofcommas.Example:Gavin,wherehaveyoubeen?

error: mistake;awordformorsentencestructurethatmakeswrittenorspokenlanguageun-clearordifficulttounderstand

gender: (ingrammar)masculine,feminine,orneuter.Example:he,she,orithomonym:awordthatsoundsthesameasanotherword,buthasadifferentmeaningandis

sometimesspelleddifferently.Example:know/no



inappropriate:notrightforthesituation;outofplace;unsuitable.Example:TheuseofthetermLOLisinappropriateinaformalessayorletter.

independent clause:asentencesectionthatcouldstandalonejargon:specialwordsandphrasesusedbyaparticularprofessionorgroupmodifier:awordorphrasethatchangesormodifiesthemeaningofanotherword.Adjectives

andadverbsaremodifiers.Prepositionalphrasesexplainingwhenorwherearealsomodifiers.

noun:awordrepresentingaperson,place,orthing.Mostnounscanbesingularorplural.parallel construction:itemsinaseriesrelatingtothesameverbarepartofaparallelcon-

struction.Example:Thesheltercaredfordogs,cats,andrabbits.Theverbphrasecaredforcouldbeusedwitheachitem.

parentheses:Asetofcurvedpunctuationmarks()usedtosetoffdefinitions,dates,andotheradditionalinformationwithinasentence.Parenthesesalsoenclosecommentsthatareslightlyoff-topic in letters,diaries,andother informalwriting.Example:EmilyDickin-son(1830–1886)wrotemanyfamouspoems,including“BecauseICouldNotStopforDeath.”

portmanteau word: twowordsputtogethertomakeanewword.Example:motor+hotel=motel

precise: exact;notvaguepredicate:Thepartofasentenceorclausethatcontainstheverbandanywordsorphrases

thatmodifyit.Example:Mysisterwenttothestore.present: now;currentlyhappeningpunctuation: symbols,suchasperiods,commas,andquestionmarks,thatorganizewriting

andclarifythemeaningsofsentencesquotation marks:apairofpunctuationmarks(“”)usedtosetofftheexactwordsspokenor

writtenbyanother.Singlequotationmarks(‘’)setoffaquotationwithinaquotation.roots: formsofGreekandLatinwordssurvivinginEnglishvocabulary.Example:altusmeant

highordeepinLatin.Englishwordsbasedonthatrootincludealtitudeandaltimeter.sentence fragment:notawholesentence;aphraseordependentclausesentence variety:thecombinationofdifferentsentencelengthsandstructurestomakeprose

moreinterestingtoreadortohearshades of meaning:slightdifferencesbetweenthemeaningsofsynonyms,especiallycon-

notationssubject: Thenoun,nounphrase,orpronounthatperformstheactioninasentence.Example:

Alittlebrowndogfollowedushome.technical term:wordorphraseusedbyaspecializedfieldorprofessiontense: averbformexpressingpast,present,future,progressive(ongoing),orperfect(com-

pleted)time.Example:took,take,takes,willtake,istaking,hastakenusage:thepreferredwaytousewordsorphrasesinwritingorspeechverb:awordexpressingactionorastateofbeing.Verbsoftenhavedifferentforms(tenses)to

expresspast,present,andfuturetimes.

Glossary of Technical Terms (cont.)

GlossaryofTechnicalTerms



Answer Keys

AnswerKeys

Answersaregivenforthoseactivitieswithdefiniteanswers.

Page 2: Ifuredthisinaemail,umitenothavethowtanythingwuzrong,butifufownditinabook,uwoodwunder

ubowtit.Uwoodthinktheawthurdidn’tnowhathewuzdoing.Evenifeverythinginthetekstiztroo,uprobably

woodnottrustit.

Whenuriteapaperitizagudidiatoriteqwiklee.Udon’thavtwoworryubowtmistakes.Nobodywillc

thatdrafteseptyou.Whenyoreidiasaredownonpaper,yourreadytoprepairyourworkforotherz.

Usinguppropreutvocabulary,cleerpunctuation,andkorectspelingislikewaringtheriteoutfitforan

okashion.Youwoodnotwarepartyclosetothebeechorhikingclosetoaweding. 1. informal,fastwriting 2. reports,tests,applications,businessletters,essays.Makeyourideasclearandrespectyourreader. 3.worryingaboutmistakescanlimityourcreativity. 4. Informal:friends,peers Formal:letterstoadults,reports,essays,applications,storiesPage 3: 1.able,capable,competent 2.delay,postpone,procrastinate 3.ask,question,interrogate 4. remote,distant,secluded 5.noise,uproar,clamor 6.hurry,rush,accelerate 7.sorry,regretful,penitent 8.end,halt,terminate 9. learn,comprehend,ascertain 10.disaster,calamity,catastrophePage 4: 1. agree/contradict 2. slender/corpulent3. formal/casual 4. confident/diffident 5. entrance/egress 6. friendship/enmity 7. modesty/conceit 8. focus/digress 9. consecrate/desecrate 10. wild/docile 11.awake/drowsy 12.similar/dissimilar 13.pristine/dilapidated 14.clumsy/graceful 15.sophisticated/callowPage 5: 1.except 2.affect 3.heir 4. allot 5.aloud 6.anymore 7.allusion 8.site 9.discreet10. farther 11.hoard 12.cachePage 6: 1.elude 2.effect 3.among 4.anything 5. illusion 6. their 7. further 8.climactic 9.air 10.discreet 11.sight 12. their 13.cache 14. ingenious 15. two 16.gate 17.guise 18.proceeded 19.allowed 20. notPage 7: 1. tense 2.vane 3.vile 4. tents 5.wheeled6.veins 7.verses 8.waiver 9.versus 10.yore 11. they’re 12.vain 13. tier 14. rote 15.wield 16. tear 17.whorled18.waver 19.vial 20.gaitPage 10: 1. road 2.building 3. job 4.doctor 5. teacher6. mistake7. tree 8.seed 9.shape 10.vehicle 11.cloth 12.boat 13.storm 14. foodPage 11: 1.antonyms 2.synonyms 3.grammatical 4.antonyms 5.antonyms 6.clipped 7.clipped 8.portmanteau9.onomatopoeia 10. synonyms 11.synonyms 12.oppositecharacteristic 13.member/group 14.member/group 15.characteristicPage 12: Positive:profound,orderly,steadfast,acceptance,evanescent,eliminate,resolution,epicure,contravene,honeyed Neutral:complex,plain,determined,acknowledgement,short-lived,end,firmness,pleasure-seeker,disobey,sweet Negative:abstruse,austere,obstinate,resignation,temporary,obliterate,doggedness,degenerate,flout, saccharine(acceptanyotheranswerswithgoodexplanations)Page 13: 16. loverofpeople 17. loverofwisdom 18.booklover 19.writtenlistofbooks 20.playerofsounds 21. recordsheartsounds22.heartdoctor23.scientistwhostudiesgroupsofpeople 24.studyoflivingthings 25.fightsinfections(bacteria)Page 14: 1.b 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.c 6. a 7.b 8.a 9. c 10.aPage 15: 1. robot 2.maelstrom3. typhoon4. ketchup 5.banana 6.coffee7.monsoon 8. zero 9.bizarre 10.chagrin 11.depot 12.entourage13.calico 14. juggernaut 15. celloPage 17: 1.empire 2. feudalism 3.Colony 4.civilization 5. vertebrates 6. igneous 7.ethnic 8. landforms 9. resources 10. atmosphere 11. respiration 12.mutualism 13.executive 14.galaxy 15. transportationPage 18: 1.breathalyzer 2.camcorder 3.Cineplex 4. daisy 5.flurry 6. fortnight 7.glimmer 8. goodbye9.hassle 10. internet 11.motel 12.outpatient 13.pang 14.pixel 15. meld 16.scrawl 17.seascape 18.sitcom 19.smog 20.glop 21.emoticon 22.brunchPage 20: Eachsentenceismadeupoftwoindependentclausesandshouldallbeunderlined.Thefollowingconjunctions shouldbecircled: 1.and2.but 3. but 4. or 5.and6.and7.and8. but9.and10.and11.and12.and



AnswerKeys

Page 21: 1.AttheGeysersinCalifornia 2.whenshefinishesherhomework

3. whodoesnothaveadog 4. whichisnewtoourarea 5.whyAndrewissolate

6.whoisthemosttalentedartistinourclass 7.wherethecommitteemeets 8.whointroducedusPage 25: 1.metmyfriendatthemall 2.shotafewbasketsinthepark 3. ateabagofchips 4. tookabreaktowatchamovieoncable 5.hewashedthreecars 6. keptusawakeallnight 7.madewritingreportseasier 8. lookingatgenerators 9.grabaquicklunch 10. lookingformetamorphicrocksPage 26: 1. like 2. leads 3. enjoy 4. hold 5. teaches 6. is 7.are 8.are 9.becomes 10. reaches 11.has 12. is 13. tastes 14. is 15.are16.expects 17.know 18.understand 19.makes 20. arrivePage 28: 1. I(me) 2.Himandme(HeandI) 3. who(whom) 4. Whose(Who’s) 5.Himandher(Heandshe) 6. it(thechimney) 7. she(Emily) 8.he(Isaiah) 9. them(badgrades) 10. it(thecar) 11. it(thecampus) 12. who(that)Page 29: 1.man’s 2.children’s 3. its 4. their 5.horses’ 6.ours 7.hers 8.Someone’s 9. laptops’10.brothers’Page 32: 1. taller 2.better 3.best 4. theleast 5. farther 6.number 7.aunique8.perfect 9.ultimate 10.notinfinitePage 34: 1.accept 2.advice 3. tack 4. jibe 5. tortuous6. ingenious 7.Climatic 8.have 9. elude 10. eminent11. beside 12.adverse13.biannualPage 35: 1.Ricktrustedonlyonefriend,hisdog. 2. Iwondered,couldIreallyearnenoughmoneytopayforthetrip. 3. “Don’teverforgetthat,”saidTony. 4. “Iwon’tcrossthatriver,”saidNicole,“unlessIhaveto.” 5.Afterspillingfromthecalderaofaneruptingvolcano,moltenlavapoursdownthesideoftheconeinaglow-

ingriver. 6.ThePuritans,afterarrivingatPlymouth,gavethanksforasuccessfuljourney. 7.HenryFord,whilestillachild,wasfascinatedbymachines. 8.Alexalovesbooksaboutfrogs,lizards,andsnakes. 9.Calebspenthissummerswimming,hiking,biking,andplayingbasketball. 10. Idon’twanttogotothemoon,jumpoutofanairplane,orclimbMt.Everest. 11. “Iheardthat,”saidBrianna,“butI’llpretendIdidn’t.” 12. “Iwillplanthebikeroute,calltwopeople,andpacklunches,”saidLisa,“buttherestisuptoyou.” 13.TheplayoffswillbeginonMay22,2016. 14.AmeliaEarhart,whiletryingtoflyaroundtheworld,disappearedwithoutatrace. 15.Mompromisedtobuypaper,pencils,andfolders.Page 36: 1.Astooped,weary,haggardold,manwatchedusfromtheporch. 2.Thestill,clear,icywatersofthelakereflectedthecloudless,sky. 3.Ethan’s,successwasduetopractice,nottoluck. 4. Instead,ofRyan,Jennawasstandingatthedoor. 5.Joseph,however,willnotarriveuntilnext,Saturday. 6.Youwill,I,believe,makeyourdreamscometrue. 7.Sam,whoisthepresidentofourclub,willwrite,alettertotheprincipal. 8.Thegirlwhoisinchargeofourcommitteewillsendeach,ofusacopyofthenotes. 9.AbrahamLincoln,thesixteenthPresidentoftheUnited,States,wasassassinated. 10.Aaron,will,youpleasestand? 11.DanielPierson,M.D.,willspeaktousonThursday,evening. 12.Sofia,willbemovingtoLosAngeles,California,onSeptember28,2015. 13.TylertoldMatthewouldmeethimatthepark,butMattdidn’thearhim,sohedidn’tshow,up 14.BecauseTim,thepresident,ofourscienceclub,recommendedthebook,Iboughtit. 15.Mark,myolderbrother,willbegoingonatriptoWashington,withhisclass.Page 37: (Studentsmayunderlinetitlesinsteadofitalicizing.) 1.WestudiedRobertFrost’spoem“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”inEnglishclass. 2. Iread“TheOriginsoftheCivilWar”inThe American Adventurelastnight. 3.Myfavoriteshortstoryis“TheMostDangerousGame”byRichardConnell. 4.Evanlovesmythologyandepicpoems,especiallyThe IliadandThe Odyssey. 5.ThefilmWhere the Wild Things ArewasbasedonapicturebookbyMauriceSendak. 6.ThefilmHoleswasbasedonayoungadultnovelbyLouisSachar. 7.TheNiña,thePinta,andtheSanta MariasailedfromSpaininAugust,1492. 8.GarrisonKeillor’sradioprogramThe Writer’s Almanacfeaturespoetryselections. 9.Amandasaid,“Mr.Reedjustannounced,‘YourpapersaredueonMonday.’Canyoubelievethat?” 10. “IWanttoHoldYourHand”wasafamoussongbyTheBeatles.Page 38: Comma:a,c,d,g,h Semicolon:b,k Colon:e,f,j,o,p Parentheses:i,l,m,n

About the Author

LindaArmstrongtaughtinLosAngelesfor18yearsbeforemovingtowesternColoradowithherhusband.Since2001,shehaswrittendozensofbooksandothermaterialsforteachersandyoungpeople.HerrecentworksincludeHenry Ford: The Man Who Put the World on Wheels; Amelia Earhart: First Lady of the Air; Jane Goodall: A Voice for Chimpanzees; and African Americans in Radio, Film, and TV Entertainment. Armstrong'sotherbooksforMarkTwainMedia,Inc.,PublishersincludeDaily Skill Builders: Word Problems, Daily Skills Builders: Physical Science 4–6, Everyday Art for the Classroom Teacher,andseveraltitlesintheJumpstarters series.

Toseetheseproductsandmore,visityournearestteacherbookstoreorgoonlineatwww.carsondellosa.comandclickontheMarkTwainMedialogoorShopbyBrand.

ThisproducthasbeencorrelatedtoCommonCoreState,National,andCanadianProvincialstandards.Visitwww.carsondellosa.comtosearchandviewitscorrelationstoyourstandards,orcall800-321-0943.

CD-404215 Common Core: Elements of LiteratureCD-404216 Common Core: Conducting Research ProjectsCD-404217 Common Core: Complex Issues in TextCD-404218 Common Core: Types of TextCD-404219 Common Core: Grammar Usage

CD-410092 Research and Write to Meet Common Core State Standards Bulletin Board Set

Common Core: Grammar Usage Photo Creditspg.4 Dreamingaboutbokeh(3115672393).jpg{PD-CC}PhotobyKennyLouie.13Dec.2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dreaming_about_bokeh_(3115672393).jpg>

pg.6 BrainbenchXMLcertificate.jpg{PD-CC}PhotobyFrantisekKorbel.10June2013.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brainbench_XML_certificate.jpg>

pg.10 AbiesholophyllaPAN2.jpg.{PD-GFDL/CC-BY-3.0}PhotobyCrusier.17May2009.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abies_holophylla_PAN_2.jpg>

pg.13 FracturedTIBIAFIBULA01-151.jpg.{PD-GFDL/CC}UploadedbyTsuDhoNimh.1Apr.2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fractured_TIBIA_FIBULA_01-15)1.jpg>

pg.15 Woman’sDressLACMAM.67.56.1.jpg.{PD-LACMA}PhotobyLosAngelesCountyMuseumofArt.17July2013.<http://collections.lacma.org/sites/default/files/remote_images/piction/ma-31874070-O3.jpg>

pg.18 Face-wink.svg.{PD-Author}TheTango!DesktopProject(http://tango.freedesktop.org).2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face-wink.svg>

pg.18 Face-plain.svg.{PD-Author}TheTango!DesktopProject(http://tango.freedesktop.org).2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face-plain.svg>

pg.18 Face-sad.svg.{PD-Author}TheTango!DesktopProject(http://tango.freedesktop.org).2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face-sad.svg>

pg.18 Face-smile.svg.{PD-Author}TheTango!DesktopProject(http://tango.freedesktop.org).2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face-smile.svg>

pg.19 2012SeudchinesischerTiger.JPG.[SouthChineseTiger]{PD-CC}PhotobyJ.PatrickFisher.30Dec.2001.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2012_Seudchinesischer_Tiger.JPG>

pg.20 WPYRSteamtrainatGlacier.JPG.{PD-CC}PhotobyNilsÖberg.11June2011.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WPYR_Steam_train_at_Glacier.JPG>

pg.21 WestFordFlatGeothermalCoolingTower.JPG.{PD-Author}PhotobyRtracey.17May2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:West_Ford_Flat_Geothermal_Cooling_Tower.JPG>

pg.22 Motoroilrefillwithfunnel.JPG.{PD-GFDL/CC}PhotobyDvortygirl.11Feb.2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Motor_oil_refill_with_funnel.JPG>

pg.23 Sqeat.JPG.[PhilippinePrayingMantis]{PD-GFDL/CC}PhotobyGoglGourd.12Apr.2006.<http://commons.wikimedia.org./wiki/File:Sqeat.JPG>

pg.25 Aplbasket.gif.{PD-Author}CreatedbyRed58bill.27Feb.2009.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aplbasket.gif>

pg.26 Dutchrabbit.jpg.{PD-Author}PhotobySahrazad.22May2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dutch_rabbit.jpg>

pg.26 SandLizard2008G2.jpg.{PD-Author}PhotobyGeorgeChemilevsky.27Apr.2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sand_Lizard_2008_G2.jpg>

pg.27 Sandstone(quartz)USGOV.jpg.{PD-USGOV-USGS}“MineralsinYourWorld”project,UnitedStatesGeologicalSurveyandtheMineralInformationInsti-tute.UploadedbySaperaud.2Oct.2005.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandstone-quartz)USGOV.jpg>

pg.28 FirstpenCarnesCabin4201.jpg.{PD-CC}PhotobyJamesEmery.20Oct.2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_pen_Carnes_Cabin_4201.jpg>

pg.29 RucksacksonParade-geograph.org.uk-1349364.jpg.{PD-CC}PhotobyAnneBurgess.28May2009.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rucksacks_on_Parade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1349364.jpg>

pg.31 Keyringfull.jpg.{PD-Author}PhotobyTmorrisey.17Mar.2006.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Key_ring_ful.jpg>

pg.33 Giraffe.jpg.{PD-USGOV-USAID}PhotobyUSAIDTanzania(http://www.usaid.gov/tz).18Nov.2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giraffe.jpg>

pg.34 IPodtouchGenerationsvergleich(2).jpg.{PD-GFDL/CC}PhotobyTr.TI.3Mar.2011.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IPod_touch_Generationsvergleich_(2).jpg>

pg.35 Volcanoq.jpg.{PD-USGOV-NPS}PhotobyNationalParkService.UploadedbyQuadell.24Nov.2004.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Volcano_q.jpg>

pg.36 Krk,Croatia-lakescene.jpg.{PD-CC}PhotobyLaslovarga.July2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Krk,_Croatia_-_lake_scene.jpg>

pg.37 TheBeatles,KennedyAirport,February1964.jpg.{PD-LOC/Old}PhotobyUnitedPressInternational.7Feb.1964.<http:hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c11094>

CD-404219 - levittownschools.comsites.levittownschools.com/ckind/Documents/Grammar...

Documents

Transcript of CD-404219 - levittownschools.comsites.levittownschools.com/ckind/Documents/Grammar...