CCS for Gas-Fired Power Plants - UKCCSRC 400MW equivalent capacity (Siemens SGT5-4000F) and 1MtCO. 2...

The UKCCSRC is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council as part of the Research Councils UK

Energy Programme

MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 12-13 November 2014 Royal Sonesta Hotel Cambridge MA

CCS for Gas-Fired Power Plants Jon Gibbins Director UK CCS Research Centre Professor of Power Plant Engineering and Carbon Capture University of Edinburgh wwwukccsrcacuk jongibbinsedacuk

About the UKCCSRC

The UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre (UKCCSRC) leads and coordinates a programme of underpinning research on all aspects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in support of basic science and UK government efforts on energy and climate change

The Centre brings together around 250 of the UKrsquos world-class CCS academics and provides a national focal point for CCS research and development

Initial core funding for the UKCCSRC is provided by pound10M from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) as part of the RCUK Energy Programme This is complemented by pound3M in additional funding from the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) to help establish new open-access national pilot-scale facilities (wwwpactacuk) Partner institutions have contributed pound25M

wwwukccsrcacuk

Gas-FACTS Gas - Future Advanced Capture Technology Options Jon Gibbins University of Edinburgh Mathieu Lucquiaud University of Edinburgh Hyungwoong Ahn University of Edinburgh Mohamed Pourkashanian University of Leeds Paul Fennell Imperial College London John Oakey Cranfield University Chris Wilson University of Sheffield Prashant Valluri University of Edinburgh Hannah Chalmers University of Edinburgh

Gas FACTS

Future Advanced Capture Technology Systems

UKCCSRC

Martin Trusler Imperial College London Kevin Hughes University of Leeds Meihong Wang Cranfield University Pericles Pilidis Cranfield University Geoff Maitland Imperial College London Chemical Eng and Amparo Galindo Imperial College London George Jackson Imperial College London Claire Adjiman Imperial College London Nina Thornhill Imperial College London

The Gas-FACTS project is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council as part of the Research Councils UK Energy Programme

httpswwwgovukgovernmentpublicationsccs-policy-scoping-document

https06static-shellcomcontentdamshell-newlocalcountrygbrdownloadspdfpeterhead-ccs-brochurepdf

Peterhead Goldeneye Natural Gas CCS Project

Jeremy Carey Technology Manager SSE CCS Deployment in SSE Peterhead and Beyondhellip IPA UKCCSC CCS Conference 1st September 2011

httpwwwukccsccoukMeetingsedinburgh-sep-2011Carey_IPA_HW11pdf

Peterhead CCS Project Shell UK Limited and SSE Shell Cansolv post-combustion capture on one of three existing GT units Approximately 400MW equivalent capacity (Siemens SGT5-4000F) and 1MtCO2yr

Gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)

httpwwwshellcoukgbrenvironment-societyenvironment-tpkgpeterhead-ccs-projecthtml

httpwwwslidesharenetUKCCSRCt-snow-gasccsmeeting25jun2014

Gas CCS in the UK - Tom Snow at the UKCCSRC Gas CCS Meeting University of Sussex 25 June 2014

In addition the possible climate change impact of CO2 emissions from natural gas power generation has become of increasing importance with recent shale gas resource discoveries in the UK as pointed out in evidence from the Prime Minister to a UK Parliament committee on 14 Jan 2014 [1] ldquoMy nervousness about being too frank about the future (carbon budget review) is simply down to the issue about carbon capture and storage and the role that gas will play in futurerdquo It is now accepted that most of UK CCS deployment through new plants or retrofits is likely to take place in the 2020s httpdataparliamentukwrittenevidenceWrittenEvidencesvcEvidencePdf5219

Rt Hon David Cameron MP on natural gas and CCS Question 45 in ldquo14 Jan 2014 - Evidence from the Prime Minister 14 January 2014 ndash oral evidence

httpwwwccsassociationorgukdocs2007Monday20141520-20Jane20Paxmanpdf

FEED announced 30 June 2005 project cancelled mid 2007 when coal CCS needed instead in response to a (predicted) dash for coal after big increases in relative gas prices

Despite uncertainties in reserve sizes it is clear that if we burn all the fossil fuels or even half of the remaining reserves we will send the planet toward an ice-free state with sea level about 250 feet higher than today It would take time for complete ice sheet disintegration to occur but a chaotic situation would be created with changes occurring out of control of future generations

Oil may already be about half depleted ie the world may be close to peak oil production (implying that the IPCC estimate of reserves is closer to the truth than the EIA estimate) In either case common sense suggests that the largest oil pools will be exploited and the carbon dioxide which is emitted mainly from tailpipes will end up in the atmosphere

Gas the least carbon intensive and cleanest burning fossil fuel also surely will be exploited

The obvious conclusion is that the only practical way to avoid climate catastrophe is to terminate emissions from the largest fossil fuel source coal the dirtiest of the fossil fuels If coal emissions are phased out between 2010 and 2030 global fossil fuel emissions would begin to fall rapidly as shown in the chart below

httpinsideclimatenewsorgnews20090715james-hansen-climate-tipping-points-and-political-leadership

James Hansen on Climate Tipping Points and Political Leadership ndash 2009 and earlier InsideClimate News Jul 15 2009

6 August 2008 Climate Camp at

Kingsnorth Power Station

Committee on Climate Change ndash Oct 2009 ldquoIn our December 2008 report we set out a range of scenarios to meet our 80 emissions reduction target in 2050 The common theme running through these scenarios was the need for early decarbonisation of the power sector with the application of low-carbon electricity to transport and heat We showed therefore that the carbon intensity of power generation should decline over time whilst at the same time electricity demand could increaserdquo

Jon Gibbins Mathieu Lucquiaud Hannah Chalmers Adina Popa-Bosoaga and Rhodri Edwards ldquoCapture readiness CCGT owners neednrsquot feel left outrdquo Modern Power Systems Dec 2009 17-20

httpwwwdeccgovukencontentcmswhat_we_douk_supplyenergy_mixccsccsaspx

Energy Act 2010 ndash CCS Levy

The Queenrsquos Speech on November 18 2009 included Energy Bill with funding for CCS

9 April 2010 Energy Bill receives Royal Assent Originally specified coal but Act amended to

not specify fuels receiving levy support (but levy dropped after May 2010 election)

14 July 2010

I believe Peterhead represents the best site in the UK for a gas CCS project and I hope that our submission to the government will be successfulrdquo

SSE chief executive Ian Marchant said ldquoIf long-term targets for reducing emissions are to be met CCS technology is going to have to apply as widely as possible This means gas-fired power stations as well as coal

httpwwwdeccgovukencontentcmslegislationwhite_papersemr_wp_2011emr_wp_2011aspx

Electricity Market Reform (EMR) White Paper 2011 Planning Our Electric Future A White Paper for Secure Affordable and Low-carbon Electricity 12 July 2011 The White Paper sets out key measures to attract investment reduce the impact on consumer bills and create a secure mix of electricity sources including gas new nuclear renewables and carbon capture and storage ldquoCreates a level playing field for low-carbon electricityrdquo paid for by Feed-in Tariffs with a Contract for Difference

BBC News 19 October 2011

Plans for the UKs first carbon capture project at the Longannet power station in Fife have been scrapped the energy secretary has confirmed

Chris Huhne announced the failure to reach a deal with power companies to capture carbon dioxide emissions at the plant and pipe them under the sea

Mr Huhne blamed problems with the length of pipeline needed

But he said the government hoped other schemes could work indicating interest at Peterhead in Aberdeenshire

A pound1bn project to tum a Scottish power station into a world leader in climate change technology has collapsed

IEAGHG (2006) ELECTRICITY COSTS FOR CAPTURE PLANTS

IEAGHG (2006) CO2 capture as a factor in power station investment decisions Report No 20068 May 2006

Costs include compression to 110 bar but not storage and transport costs These are very site-specific but indicative aquifer storage costs of

$10tonne CO2 would increase electricity costs for natural gas plants by about 04 ckWh and for coal plants by about 08 ckWh

Coal price US$15GJ Natural Gas price US$ 3GJ LHV basis

Natural gas plants Coalsolid fuel plants

Consistent for comparison but absolute values will very Perceived level of technical risk by Mott MacDonald in 2006 also shown



The main features of post-combustion technology for natural gas-fired CCGTs are summarised below bull Significant land footprint with different estimates ranging between 9000 and 40000 square

metres for the capture equipment - requirement for available space in retrofit of existing plant

bull CO2 concentration in power station flue gases is typically 4 - so that large volumes of flue gases must be processed

bull Uses an organic solvent (Monoethylamine MEA is most usual) which captures CO2 when in solution using a scrubber tower in contact with the flue gases

bull Incorporates circulation of the rich solution of MEA with absorbed CO2 to a stripperlsquo tower where it is reheated leading to release of CO2 and production of lean solvent solution for return to the scrubber

bull MEA is degraded by contact with NO2 or SO2 These pollutants must therefore by reduced to low concentration level ( 1 to 20 ppm for NO2 and 1 to 10 ppm for SO2) in order to result in an acceptable life for the MEA For gas-fired plant only NOx levels generally require reduction

bull Continual replacement of MEA is a significant operating cost bull As a result of the above two points the power plant needs to be equipped with Selective Catalytic

Reduction (SCR) of NOx in the process of retrofitting for CO2 capture or during the design of new plants

bull Addition of capture to a CCGT plant incurs an efficiency penalty of around 60-82 percentage points LHV (IEAGHG 2004)

~ Advanced Post

Combustion Capture Gas turbine

Air inlet

Exhaust Gas Recycle - EGR

CO2 Transfer amp Recycle - CTR

Gas in

Low carbon

electricity out

Decarbonised flue gas out

Decarbonised flue gas out CO2 transfer

Watersteam injection

Gas turbine capture systems

EPSRC Gas-FACTS Project httpgowepsrcacukNGBOViewGrantaspxGrantRef=EPJ0207881

UKCCSRC Pilot Advanced Capture Test (PACT) Facilities wwwpactacuk

Additional facilities at Cranfield Edinburgh Nottingham

Gas Turbine Facilities with EGR + HAT Fuel Flexibility NG Biogas Liquid Fuel Biofuel amp H2 Enriched Gas

Pilot-Scale Advanced Capture Technology Facilities

wwwpactacuk

httpwwwukccsrcacuksystemfilesInventys20Howden20UKCCSRC205BMay2020135Dpdf


The NET Power natural gas system

1 Fuel Combustion

2 CO2 Turbine

3 Heat Rejection

4 Water Separation

5 Compression and Pumping

7 Heat Recuperation

6 Additional Heat Input

5

1

2

3

4

7

6

5

Oxy-fuel closed-loop CO2 working fluid

High-pressure cycle low pressure ratio turbine

200-400 bar 6-12 pressure ratio

Target Efficiency 585 (LHV with 100 CC at 300 bar)

Addition of a simple hot compression cycle maintains efficiency and eliminates the need for ASU side heat

HP CO2 and liquid water are the only byproducts

No added costs of capture separation or compression of CO2

Hideo Nomoto Toshiba Corporation Rodney Allam NET Power Presentation to 7th Trondheim Carbon Capture and Sequestration Conference June 5 2013

NET Power natural gas cycle

Pres

sure

(bar

)

Additional Heat

Specific Enthalpy (kJkg)

Turbine

Fuel Input

Compressor

Pump

Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger 1

2

3

4

5

6 7

Water Separator

5

Combustor

Contains the intellectual property of 8 Rivers Capital NET Power and Toshiba


Net Power The Allam Cycle

NETPower Natural gas cycle target efficiencies

Natural Gas Platform Target Efficiencies (100 CO2 Capture at 300 bar)

Energy Components HHV LHV

Gross Turbine Output 75 83

CO2 Compressor Power -11 -12

Plant Parasitic Power (primarily ASU) -11 -12

Net Efficiency 53 59


Natural gas CCS ndash global status summary bull Peterhead project working on FEED FID late 2015early 2016 lsquolevel

playing fieldrsquo for low carbon electricity in UK Electricity Market Reform FiT with CfD arrangements

bull Mongstad cancelled ndash Norwegians may look at other CHP

bull No other gas projects in EuropeUK ndash a bit surprising

bull Gas CCS + EOR under consideration in Mexico (and elsewhere in North America)

bull 8 Rivers building NET Powers Allam Cycle prototype in Texas

bull US EPA say gas+CCS not as feasible as coal+CCS

Gas CCS in perspective Stages in all power plant clean-up technologies 1 lsquoItrsquos science fictionrsquo 2 lsquoItrsquos impossibly expensive and complexrsquo 3 lsquoItrsquos a major investment but necessaryrsquo 4 lsquoItrsquos obviously just a routine part of any power plantrsquo Gas CCS is now somewhere between 2 and early stage 3 depending on location and we are working hard to get it to stage 4 as quickly as possible

bull Gas turbine modifications or just take low CO2 concentration

bull Pressurised oxyfuel capital costs vs post-com costs

bull Hydrogen production and storage to give more constant CO2 flow for CCS and reduced CAPEX

bull Natural Gas CCS Network httpsukccsrcacuknews-eventseventsnatural-gas-ccs-networking-meeting httpwwwslidesharenetUKCCSRCjohn-thompson-ghgt12gasoct14

bull Save the date ndash Oslo Norway 25-26 February 2015

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About the UKCCSRC

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About the UKCCSRC

The UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre (UKCCSRC) leads and coordinates a programme of underpinning research on all aspects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in support of basic science and UK government efforts on energy and climate change

The Centre brings together around 250 of the UKrsquos world-class CCS academics and provides a national focal point for CCS research and development

Initial core funding for the UKCCSRC is provided by pound10M from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) as part of the RCUK Energy Programme This is complemented by pound3M in additional funding from the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) to help establish new open-access national pilot-scale facilities (wwwpactacuk) Partner institutions have contributed pound25M

wwwukccsrcacuk


Gas FACTS


UKCCSRC
































14 July 2010





























~ Advanced Post


Air inlet



Gas in

Low carbon

electricity out










wwwpactacuk




1 Fuel Combustion

2 CO2 Turbine

3 Heat Rejection

4 Water Separation


7 Heat Recuperation


5

1

2

3

4

7

6

5










Pres

sure

(bar

)

Additional Heat


Turbine

Fuel Input

Compressor

Pump

Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger 1

2

3

4

5

6 7

Water Separator

5

Combustor

























Slide Number 1

About the UKCCSRC

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Gas FACTS


UKCCSRC
































14 July 2010





























~ Advanced Post


Air inlet



Gas in

Low carbon

electricity out










wwwpactacuk




1 Fuel Combustion

2 CO2 Turbine

3 Heat Rejection

4 Water Separation


7 Heat Recuperation


5

1

2

3

4

7

6

5










Pres

sure

(bar

)

Additional Heat


Turbine

Fuel Input

Compressor

Pump

Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger 1

2

3

4

5

6 7

Water Separator

5

Combustor

























Slide Number 1

About the UKCCSRC

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14 July 2010





























~ Advanced Post


Air inlet



Gas in

Low carbon

electricity out










wwwpactacuk




1 Fuel Combustion

2 CO2 Turbine

3 Heat Rejection

4 Water Separation


7 Heat Recuperation


5

1

2

3

4

7

6

5










Pres

sure

(bar

)

Additional Heat


Turbine

Fuel Input

Compressor

Pump

Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger 1

2

3

4

5

6 7

Water Separator

5

Combustor

























Slide Number 1

About the UKCCSRC

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~ Advanced Post


Air inlet



Gas in

Low carbon

electricity out










wwwpactacuk




1 Fuel Combustion

2 CO2 Turbine

3 Heat Rejection

4 Water Separation


7 Heat Recuperation


5

1

2

3

4

7

6

5










Pres

sure

(bar

)

Additional Heat


Turbine

Fuel Input

Compressor

Pump

Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger 1

2

3

4

5

6 7

Water Separator

5

Combustor

























Slide Number 1

About the UKCCSRC

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wwwpactacuk




1 Fuel Combustion

2 CO2 Turbine

3 Heat Rejection

4 Water Separation


7 Heat Recuperation


5

1

2

3

4

7

6

5










Pres

sure

(bar

)

Additional Heat


Turbine

Fuel Input

Compressor

Pump

Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger 1

2

3

4

5

6 7

Water Separator

5

Combustor

























Slide Number 1

About the UKCCSRC

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1 Fuel Combustion

2 CO2 Turbine

3 Heat Rejection

4 Water Separation


7 Heat Recuperation


5

1

2

3

4

7

6

5










Pres

sure

(bar

)

Additional Heat


Turbine

Fuel Input

Compressor

Pump

Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger 1

2

3

4

5

6 7

Water Separator

5

Combustor

























Slide Number 1

About the UKCCSRC

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Pres

sure

(bar

)

Additional Heat


Turbine

Fuel Input

Compressor

Pump

Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger 1

2

3

4

5

6 7

Water Separator

5

Combustor

























Slide Number 1

About the UKCCSRC

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CCS for Gas-Fired Power Plants - UKCCSRC 400MW equivalent capacity (Siemens SGT5-4000F) and 1MtCO. 2...

Documents

Transcript of CCS for Gas-Fired Power Plants - UKCCSRC 400MW equivalent capacity (Siemens SGT5-4000F) and 1MtCO. 2...