CCNA Network Fundamentals
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Transcript of CCNA Network Fundamentals
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CCNA Network Fundamentals
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Elements of communication– Source (encoding data before transmission)– Transmission Media (Channel)– Information sent– Rules to control transmitting and receiving – Destination (decoding data after receiving)
Chapter Two : Communicating over the Network
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Network Structure
Data is sent across a network in small “chunks” called segments
One channel for different uses (multiplexing)
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Network Structure
The components of a network– hardware
– software
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Network Structure End Devices and their Role in the Network
–End devices form interface with human network & communications network
–Role of end devices: (like IP Phone, PC, Printer…)
• client
• server
• both client and server
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Network Structure Devices In Between (Routers, Switches)
– Provides connectivity between end devices
– Manages data flow
– Retransmit data
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Network Structure
Network media (types, criteria for choosing)This is the channel over which a message travels
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Coaxial Cable
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UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
Twisting provide : 1- protection against crosstalk, noise generated by adjacent pairs & 2- cancellation of the magnetic field.
Based on connection layout, 3 types of UTP are existed:
Straight UTP Cable
Side1 : WO O WG B WB G WBr Br
Side2 : WO O WG B WB G WBr Br
Cross-Over UTP CableSide1 : WO O WG B WB G WBr BrSide2 : WG G WO B WB O WBr Br
Roll-Over UTP CableSide1 : WO O WG B WB G WBr BrSide2 : Br WBr G WB B WG O WO
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Straight UTP Cable
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Cross-Over UTP Cable
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Roll-Over UTP Cable
or
Console UTP Cable
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Roll-Over Cable consists of RJ-45 on one end & DB-9 on the other end. Conversion adapter from RJ-45 to DB-9 can be used with RJ-45 / RJ-45 Roll-over cable.
Straight UTP Cable : Communicate between dissimilar devices (PC+Hub, PC+Switch, Switch+Router,)
Cross–Over UTP Cable : Communicate between similar devices (PC+PC, Hub+Switch, Router+Router, PC+Router)
Using of UTP Cables
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Fiber Cable
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Factors for choosing Network Media
Resistance to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Attenuation
Cost
Installation
Security
Which cable has the highest attenuation? Coax, UTP, Fiber
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Network Types
Local Area Networks (LANs)- A network serving a home, building or campus is considered a Local Area Network (LAN) : Single Organization
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Network Types
Wide Area Networks (WANs)- LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a network known as a Wide Area Network (WAN)
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Network Types
The internet is defined as a global mesh of interconnected networks
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Network Types Network representations
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Network protocols are usedto allow devices to
communicate
successfully
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Different protocols and how they interact
Protocols are hardware independent
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Using Layers to describe net communication
The net communication is a very complex process, if we looked at it as a whole. A simple way to understand this process is to break down the total net communication system into a series of layers. Each layer is responsible for a specific part of net comm.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
OSI/RM (Open System Interconnection) → 1984
It provided venders with a set of standards that insured greater compatibility between Net Tech. It has 7 numbered layers
L1 : Physical, L2 : Data Link, L3 : Network, L4 : Transport, L5 : Session, L6 : Presentation, L7 : Application
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Define OSI
Memorize name & no of layers
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Advantages of Layering
• Simple to develop
• Simple to maintain
• Simple to learn (understand)
Layers 7, 6, 5 deal with application
Layers 4, 3, 2, 1 deal with data transport
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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / IP Protocol) This model is a suite of more than 10 protocols, distributed on 4 layers : Application, Transport, Internet & Network Access
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Compare OSI and TCP/IP model
Theoretical Model Implemented Model
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Name , number & briefly explain the layers of OSI model ?
1. Physical Layer : Binary Transmitting.
2. Data Link Layer : Physical Addressing.
3. Network Layer : IP Addressing.
4. Transport Layer : Reliable Communication.
5. Session Layer : Application Programs Communication.
6. Presentation Layer : Data Representation.
7. Application Layer : Application Programs Assisting.
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Encapsulation :– Identify data pieces of the sent msg– Ensure data pieces are transmitted to the destination– Enable reassembling data pieces
EncapsulationApplication, Presentation, Session → DataTransport → SegmentsNetwork → PacketsData Link → FramesPhysical → Bits (Encoding)
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Addressing and Naming Schemes
Labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage communication in data networks
MAC in layer 2 ; Physical Add ; Device Add
IP in layer 3 ; Logical Add
Port No. in layer 4 : identify service (application)
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PC Identifiers (Computer Name, Host Name, IP Add, MAC Add)
Computer Name : 256 characters (unique inside only , non standard)
Host Name : 256 characters (always unique , standard)
IP Address : 4 bytes (always unique , standard)
MAC Address : 6 bytes (always unique , standard)
Which company supports computer name in communication?