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Transcript of ccna Ch1.pdf
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Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 1 -
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Product of YOUTH
- 2 -
yxrOD;qHk;awmh Cisco taMumif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; rdwfqufay;yg&ap/ 'DtaMumif;ESihf
ywfoufNyD; odwJholvnf; SdcsifSdr,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfuawmh tm;vHk;udkodoGm;apcsifwmjzpf
wmaMumifh ueOD;taeeJY oifcef;pmawGudk roifay;ao;bJ t&if rdwfquf&jcif;jzpfygw,f/
1.1 Cisco taMumif;rdwfquf
Cisco qdkwm Networking ESifh Communication enf;ynmtydkif;awGESifh ywfoufNyD; 'DZdkif;
jyKvkyfjcif;? if;enf;ynmESifh ywfoufNyD; ypnf;rsm;jyKvkyfa&mif;csjcif;? 0efaqmifrIrsm;ay;jcif; ponfh
vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfudkifwJh tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckjzpfygw,f/ u,fvDzdk;eD;,m;jynfe,f&JU San Jose
NrdKUrSm tajcpdkufwJh Cisco [m 0efxrf;tiftm;aygif; 66000 ausmfeJY EdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm Hk;cGJ
rsm;zGifhvSpfvkyfukdifaewJh tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckyg/ 2008 ckESpfrSm qdk&if olY&JU wpfESpf 0ifaiG[m tar&duef
a':vm 39 bDvD,H txd Sdygw,f/
Standford University Computer Operation Dept rSmwm0efxrf;aqmifvsufSdMuaom
Len Bosack, Sandy Lerner wdkYvifr,m;ESpfa,mufwdkYu Richard Troiano qdkolESifh yl;aygif;um
Cisco Systems udk 1984 ckESpfrSm wnfaxmifcJhMuygw,f/ Cisco qdkwm u,fvDzdk;eD;,m;jynfe,f
xJu NrdKUwpfckjzpfwJh San Francisco &JU NrdKUemrnfxJu Cisco udk,lxm;jcif;yJjzpfygw,f/ Cisco &JU
yxrOD;qHk;aom Product u Multiple Protocol Router Software jzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh 'g[m
Standford u 0efxrf;wpfOD;jzpfwJh William Yeager ua&;om;cJhjcif;omjzpfygw,f/ William Yeager
[maemufydkif;rSmawmh Sun Microsystems udka&mufSdoGm;cJhygw,f/ 'D William Yeager a&;om;cJhwJh
Multiple Protocol Router Software udk Bosack u oifhavsmfatmifjyefvnfa&;om;cJhwmjzpfygw,f/
wu,fawmhvnf; Router awGudkxkwfvkyfNyD;a&mif;cscJhw,fqdkwJh tzGJUtpnf;awGxJrSm Cisco [m
yxrOD;qHk;awmh r[kwfayr,fhvnf; Multinetwork Protocol udk Support vkyfwJh Router awGudk
pD;yGm;a&;t& atmifjrifpGma&mif;csEkdifcJhwhJ yxrqHk;tzGJUtpnf;awGxJrSm wpfcktygt0ifjzpfcJhygw,f/
odkYayr,fhvnf; Internet Protocol (IP) udk toHk;jyKrIydkrdk us,fjyefYvmwJh tcgrSmawmh Multi-Pro-
tocol Routing awG&JU toHk;jyKrI[m enf;yg;oGm;ygawmhw,f/ qdkawmhum; ,aeYacwf Cisco &JU
BuD;rm;wJh Router awGudk t"dutoHk;jyKaejcif;[m IP Packets awGudk ydkYaqmifay;aejcif;yJr[kwf
ygvm;/ 1990 rSm Cisco udk wnfaxmif&mrSm yg0ifcJhwJh Bosack u Cisco rSxGufcGmoGm;NyD; Lerner
vnf; tvkyfuxGufcJh&ygw,f/ tJh'Daemuf vifr,m;ESpfa,muf[mvnf; aemufydkif;rSm uGmSif;
ysufpJvdkufMuw,f/ tJh'DvdkeJYayghAsm 2000 ckESpfxJrSm (.com) awGacwfpm;vmwJhtcsdefrSmawmh Cisco
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Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 3 -
[m urmay:rSm wu,fhudk wefzdk;SdvSwJh wefzdk;vnf;BuD;vSwJh tzGJUtpnf;tjzpfudk a&mufSdcJhygawmh
w,f/ odw,f r[kwfvm;/
Cisco [m Routing ydkif;omrubJ tjcm;aom Network ydkif;qdkif&m ypnf;awG&JU aps;uGuf
xJudkyg xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufcJhygw,f/ Oyrm ajym&r,fqdk&ifjzifh -
1/ Ethernet Switching
2/ Remote Access
3/ Branch Office Router
4/ ATM Networking
5/ IP Telephony ESifh
6/ Security wdkYjzpfygw,f/ tjcm;aom tydkif;av;awGvnf; Sdao;w,fayghAsm/
2003 ckESpfrSm Cisco [m Networking ESifh ywfoufwJhypnf;awGudkxkwfvkyfa&mif;cswJhae&m
rSm emrnfvnf;BuD;wJhtjyif Home Networking aps;uGufudk OD;aqmifolvnf;jzpfwJh Linksys udk
0,f,lcJhygw,f/ 'Dhrwdkifcifwkef;uvnf; 0,f,lrIawGtrsm;BuD;SdcJhygao;w,f/ wu,fwrf;pD;yGm;a&;
avmurSm udk,fudk,fwdkif wDxGifaer,fhtpm; wDxGifxm;rIaumif;rGefwJh ukrPD odkYr[kwf enf;ynm
rsm;udk ukrPDBuD;awGudk 0,f,lwwfwJhoabmSdygw,f/tckvnf; 'DvkdygyJ/ odkYayr,fh Cisco &JU
0,f,lrIwdkif;uawmh atmifjrifcJhwmawmhr[kwfygbl;/
'D ukrPD&JU yxrOD;qHk; CEO ESpfa,mufuawmh John Morgridge ESifh John Chambers
yJjzpfygw,f/ vufSd CEO uawmh John Chambers yJjzpfygw,f/
1.2 Cisco Certifications taMumif;
Network orm;wpfa,muftaeeJY toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKawmhr,fqdk&if vkyfief;cGifrSm
vpmaumif;aumif;&zdkY odkYwnf;r[kwf udk,fvkyfaewJh vkyfief;cGifuae 'Dxufydkaumif;wJh vkyfief;
rSm tvkyf&EdkifzkdY ynm&yfydkif;qdkif&mawGudk qufvufavhvmr,fqdk&if tcktcsdefrSmawmh Cisco
Certifications aemufudkuRefawmfwdkYvdkuf&rSmyJjzpfygw,f/ 'DvkdjyKvkyfjcif;[m udk,fhb0twGuf ydkrdk
aumif;rGefwJh Career udk vdkufjcif;yJjzpfygw,f/ Cisco Certifications awG[m ,aeYacwfrSm ay:jyLvm
jzpfaewJh Certifications tcsdKUjzpfMuwJh Oyrm ajym&&if MCSE wdkYxufpm&if ydkNyD;awmh vkyfief;cGif
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Product of YOUTH
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rSm rsufESmyef;vSvmwJh Certification jzpfygw,f/ Cisco Certified jzpfoGm;NyDqdk&ifawmh wjcm;
Certifications rsm;xuf oif[m Routing ESifh Switching enf;ynmydkif;rSm wu,fhudk taumif;qHk;
odwwfuRrf;usifrIrsm;udk &SdoGm;NyDjzpfygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvnf;qdkawmh Cisco [m Routing, Switching
ESifh Security tykdif;rSm wu,fhudk bk&ifwpfyg;vdkjzpfaevdkYygyJ/ aemufwpfcku Cisco Certifica-
tions awG[m Cisco Products awGxufoifhudkInternetworking eJYywfoufaewJh enf;ynmawGudk
ydkrdkwdk;wufem;vnfapvmEdkifygw,f/ Networking ESifhywfoufNyD; ydkrdkem;vnfvmapr,fhtjyif rwlnD
wJh Network Topologies awGaygif;pkNyD; Network wpfckb,fvdkjzpfay:vmovJqdkwmudkvnf; ydkrdk
em;vnfapEdkifvmrSmyg/ kwfw&uf ydkrdkem;vnfvmatmifajym&r,fqdk&if olu System ydkif;qdkif&mudk
oifay;aewmrsdK;xuf Networking &JU Principles ydkif;awGudk oifay;aewmjzpfwmaMumifh Nework
Engineer taeESifhvkyfief;cGif0ifwJhtcg Cisco udkavhvmxm;wJholu wyef;omygw,f/ tJhovdkeJY
Cisco Certifications awG[mvnf; Highly Demand jzpfvmygw,f/ ajym&&ifAsm Cisco Prod-
ucts awGtrsm;BuD;wyfqifxm;wJh vkyfief;rsdK;r[kwfonfhwdkif Cisco Certified jzpfwJholudk ydkrdk tvkyf
ac:wmrsdK;awGSdvmygw,f/ yHk 1.1 u CCNA Certificate yHkjzpfygw,f/
yHk 1.1
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Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
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1.3 Cisco Certifications vrf;aMumif;rsm;
Cisco Certifications rSm Level tm;jzifh (5) ckSdygw,f/ tJh'gawGuawmh-
1/ Entry (CCENT)
2/ Associate (CCNA)
3/ Professional (CCNP)
4/ Expert (CCIE) ESifh
5/ Architect wdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ tJh'DrSmrS General Certifications rSmvrf;aMumif;u (7) ck jyefcGJ
xGufoGm;ygao;w,f/ tJh'gawGudk wpfcg wef;pDNyD; azmfjy&r,fqdk&ifjzifh -
1/ Routing & Switching
2/ Design
3/ Network Security
4/ Service Provider
5/ Storage Networking
6/ Voice
7/ Wireless wdkYyJjzpfMuygw,f/ CCNA qdkwm tJh'D vrf;aMumif; (7) ckpvHk;rSmSdw,f/ 'DtxJrSmrS
uRefawmfwdkY jrefrmjynfrSm vlodrsm;wJh CCNA u Routing & Switching ujzpfygw,f/ 'gawGudk
olYu@ESifh olazmfjycsifygao;w,f/ atmufu Z,m;uGufudkMunfhyg/
Certification Paths Entry Level Associate Professional Expert
Routing & Switching CCENT CCNA CCNP CCIE
Design CCENT CCNA CCDP CCDE
CCDA
Network Security CCENT CCNA CCSP CCIE
Service Provider CCENT CCNA CCIP CCIE
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Product of YOUTH
- 6 -
Storage Networking CCENT CCNA CCIP CCIE
Voice CCENT CCNA CCVP CCIE
Wireless CCENT CCNA CCNP CCIE
Certifications awGutrsm;BuD;aemf/ ckeuajymovdk uRefawmfwdkYodwmu Routing &
Switching avmufyJ odMuao;wm/ 'gawmif uRefawmf General Certifications udkyJazmfjyxm;ao;
wmyg/ Architect ESifh Specialist Certifications awGudkrazmfjyxm;ygbl;/ bmvdkYvnf;qdkawmh uRefawmf
wdkYESifhenf;enf; tvSrf;a0;vdkYjzpfygw,f/ t[D; pdwf"gwfusoGm;rSmvnf;pdk;vdkYyg/ 'gayr,fh u@tvdkuf
udkawmh azmfjyay;vdkufygw,f/ Specialist Certifications rSm yg0ifwJh u@awGuawmh -
1/ Advanced Routing & Switching
2/ Data Center Certifications
3/ Foundation for Channel Partners
4/ IP Communications Certifications
5/ MeetingPlace Certifications
6/ VPN and Security Certifications
7/ Wireless LAN Certifications wdkYyJjzpfMuygw,f/ 'gutcsKyfyJSdygao;w,f/ 'Du@wpfck
csif;pDrSm Certifications awGu tenf;qHk; 3 ckpDavmufcGJxGufoGm;Muygw,f/
1.4 CCNA ESifhywfouf
'D pmtkyfu CCNA taMumif;a&;wmqdkawmh CCNA ESifhywfoufNyD; apmif;ay;ajym&rSmu
uRefawmfhwm0efr[kwfygvm;/ wu,fawmh CCNA qdkwm Cisco Certifications awG&JU aSUqHk;u
cHwyfBuD;yJjzpfygw,f/ Cisco Certified jzpfcsif&if 'Duaep&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; CCNA
uvlodrsm;NyD;awmh Hot jzpfoGm;wmyg/ usefwJh CCNP wdkY CCIE wdkY b,favmufcufovJqdkwm
rpOf;pm;eJYOD;/ CCNA uawmh awmfawmfcufw,f/ 'DMum;xJ pmar;yGJaMu;uvnf; aps;BuD;ao;w,f/
usvdkufvdkYuawmh racsmifbl;AsKdU/ aMumufroGm;ygeJY/ uRefawmfajymcsifwmu oifwef;wufrS jzpfr,f
qdkvnf; oifwef;wufyg/ 'grSr[kwfvnf; pmusufyg/ aocsmwmawmh 'geJYrvHkavmufbl;/ Hands-
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Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 7 -
on Experience SdzdkYvdktyfw,f/ 'gawmhenf;enf;cufw,f/ [kwfygw,fav uRefawmfem;vnfygw,f/
'gayr,fh jzpfvmrSmyg/ bmyJjzpfjzpf Experience aumif;aumif;SdrS pmar;yGJudk 0ifajzqdkcsifygw,f/
aemufwpfckajymcsifwmu CCNA &NyD;oGm;&ifvnf; tJhoavmufeJY &yfrxm;ygeJY/ bmjzpfvdkY 'Dvdk
ajym&wmvJ/ bmjzpfvdkY 'Dvdkajym&wmvJqdk&if CCNA qdkwm wu,fawmh Cisco Certified qdkwJh
avmurSm tajccsrdHkav;yJudk;/ aemufNyD; oifpdwful;,OfaewJh vpmaumif;aumif; tvkyf
wpfckqdkwmav;twGufvnf; CCNA u tajccsrdHkav;yJqdkwmodapcsifygw,f/
1.5 tjcm; Certification rsm;ESifh uGmjcm;csuf
CCNA u tjcm;aom Certifications rsm;jzpfMuwJh Microsoft wdkY Novell &JU Linux wdkYESifh
uGmjcm;wJh tcsufuav;awGSdygw,f/ tJh'gu aSUrSmvnf;ajymjyNyD;cJhygNyD/ Cisco Certified u
wu,fawmh Internetworking eJY ywfoufNyD; General ay;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfajymwm
kwfw&uf em;vnfrSm r[kwfbl;/ qdkvdkwmu CCNA qdkwm Cisco &JU IOS jzpfwJh Internetwork
Operating System udkyJ 'grSr[kwf Cisco &JU Hardware udkyJ oifay;wm ppfaq;wmr[kwfbl;/
olu Internetwork udk General oGm;wm/ tJh'guGmoGm;wm/ Microsoft wdkY Novell (Linux) wdkYu
'D owfrSwfxm;wJh {&d,mav;wpfckrSmyJ Administrator tjzpfeJY uRrf;usifMuwm/ CCNA u
'Dwpfydkif;xJudkyg Guide vkyfwmr[kwfbl;/ Cisco &JU IOS eJY Hardware udkyJ 'D tydkif;av;udkyJ
Guide vkyfwmr[kwfbl;/ General oGm;wmjzpfw,f/ Microsoft wdkY Novell (Linux) wkdYu vkyfief;cGif
rSm vkdtyfaewJh wenf;tm;jzifh tvkyfSifawGtwGufvkdtyfaewJh uRrf;usifolawGudk olYtydkif;ESifh
ol jznfhqnf;ay;wJhoabm/ [dk[mraumif; 'D[muaumif;w,fvdkYajymwmr[kwfbl;aemf/ awmfMum
rif;orD;awGvdk 'DaumfzDrpfaMumfjimusawmh 'DaumfzDrpfav;aumif;ygw,f/ [dkaumfzDrpfaMumfjimus
awmh 'gav;vnf; aomufMunfhygOD; qdkovdkrsdK;awmh uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;armifaZmfvif;tjzpfrcHEdkifygbl;/
uRefawmftckajymjycsifwmu uGmjcm;w,fqdkwmav;udkyJajymjycsifwmyg/ 'Dawmh xl;jcm;wmuaemf
CCNA uxl;jcm;wmu Oyrm MCSE qdk Microsoft Products udk oHk;wJhHk;vkyfief;tzGJUtpnf;awGrSm
yJ tvkyf&Edkifwmav/ 'DvdkyJ Novell (Linux) qdk&if tJh'gudk oHk;wJhae&mrSmyJ tvkyf&Edkifwmyg/
qdkawmhum; oif[m MCSE jzpfcJh&if Microsoft Products awGSdwJhae&mrSmyJ tvkyf&Edkifwmaygh/
'gayr,fh CCNA uawmh tJhovdkr[kwfygbl;/ Cisco Prodcuts awGrSdwJhae&mrSmvnf; CCNA
u tvkyf&Edkifw,fav/ 'Dawmh CCNA u Scope us,foGm;w,f/ b,f Products &,fvdkYr[kwfawmh
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Product of YOUTH
- 8 -
bl;/ b,frSmrqdk Networking ESifhywfouf&if tvkyf&oGm;Edkifw,f/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomfvdkYar;&if
tajzu Sif;ygw,f/ wpfckwnf;vnf;jzpfygw,f/ tJh'gu olu tydkif;wpfckwnf;udkyJ uRrf;usifwJh
Administrator tjzpfeJY&yfwnfwmr[kwfyJ Internetworking udk General oGm;xm;vdkYyJjzpfygw,f/
'Dwpfckwnf;ESifhwif oif[m CCNA jzpfzdkY taMumif;vHkavmufoGm;NyDjzpfygw,f/
1.6 CCNA jzpfzdkYvdktyfcsufrsm;
CCNA jzpfcsif&if -
1/ LAN ESifh WAN udk aumif;pGm Install vkyfwwf&r,f/ Configure vkyfwwf&r,f/ Oper-
ate vkyfEdkif&r,f/ aemufawmh Wireless Access Services udka&myJ/ 'gawGtm;vHk;udk Secure
jzpfpGm vkyfEdkif&r,f/ aemufNyD;awmh Network ao;ao;av;uae tv,ftvwf Network
avmufxd udk Configure vkyfEdkif&r,f/ Troubleshoot vkyfEdkif&r,f/ Performance vnf;aumif;
&r,f/ Network uao;ao;av;yg uGefysLwmtvHk;ta&twGuf odyfrrsm;ygbl;/ 500 atmufaygh/
t[D;/ 'gutao;uae tv,ftvwfyJSdygao;w,f/
2/ aemufNyD;awmh IP, IPV6, EIGRP, RIP, RIPv2, OSPF, Serial Connections, Frame Re-
lay, DSL, PPPoE, LAN Switching, VLANs, Ethernet, Security, Access Lists, Cable
wdkYudkvnf;toHk;jyKEdkif&r,f/
1.7 CCNA pmar;yGJudkajzzdkYenf;vrf;
CCNA pmar;yGJajzNyD; CCNA jzpfzdkYu enf;vrf; 2 vrf;Sdygw,f/
1/ 640-802 qdkwJh pmar;yGJudk 0ifajz? atmif&if CCNA jzpfr,f/ wpfcgyJajz&r,f/ 'gayr,hf
olu cufw,fvdkYxif&if 'kwd, enf;vrf;udka&G;/
2/ 'kwd, enf;vrf;uawmh pmar;yGJ 2 ck ajz&r,f/
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Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 9 -
- 640-822 qdkwJh Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices 1 (ICND1) &,f
- 640-816 qdkwJh Introduction to Cisco Networking Devices 2 (ICND2) &,fyg/
yHk 1.2
yxr 640-822 udkajz atmifoGm;&if CCENT Certified jzpfr,f/ NyD;&if 640-816 udkquf
ajzyg/ atmifoGm;&if CCNA jzpfNyD/ 'Dawmh 'Denf;vrf; 2 ckxJu BudKufwmudka&G;yg/ 'DrSmuawmh
odwJhtwdkif; ol&Jaumif;awGrsm;ygw,f/ tm;vHk;uMum;vdkuf&if 802 udkajzr,fqdkwmcsnf;ygyJ/ wpfck
awmhSdw,fayghAsm/ vufawGUvkyfief;cGif vtenf;i,favmufvkyfNyD;rS 0ifajzwm[m pdwftcs&qHk;ygyJ/
usufajzvnf; atmifawmhatmifwmayghAsm/ 'gayr,fh 'DtaMumif;awG oifwdkYodygw,f/ 'g[m
odyfudkajym&cufwJh udpyg/ tm;vHk;udk usufNyD;ajzaeMuwmudk;/ uRefawmfwdkYwkef;u Certified
Novell Administrator ajzcJhpOftcsdefrSm uRefawmfhrSm Novell NetWare ESifhywfoufNyD; Experi-
ence u 2 ESpfSdcJhygNyD/
1.8 'DvdkyHkpHawGar;rSm
CCNA pmar;yGJrSm ar;cGef;u 55 ckuae tck 60 txd ar;wwfNyD; tcsdeftm;jzifh rdepf
90 rausmf&bl;jzpfygw,f/ 75 rdepfavmufvnf; jzpfcsifjzpfwwfygw,f/ CCNA pmar;yGJwdkif;u
'Dvdk csnf;yJawmhr[kwfygbl;/ ar;cGef;yHkpHa&m pmar;yGJtcsdefudka&m ajymif;wwfygw,f/ udk,fhtvSnfhrSm
ICND1 (640-822)
Exam udk OD;pGmajzyg/
ICND2 (640-816)
Exam udk qufajzyg/
atmifcJh&if
CCNA (640-802) Exam
udk wdkufkdufajzjcif;
CCNA
jzpfNyD/
atmifcJh&if
atmifcJh&if
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Product of YOUTH
- 10 -
olrsm;ajzcJhwJh twdkif;yJjzpfr,fvdkY w&m;aoajymvdkYr&ygbl;/ trSwfuawmh 85 &mcdkifEIef;&rS atmifrSm
jzpfygw,f/ 'Dpmar;yGJ[m yHkpHwpfrsdK;wnf;ar;rSmr[kwfygbl;/ yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;eJYar;rSmjzpfygw,f/ qdkvdkwmu
tNrJwrf; Multiple Choice yHkpHeJYyJvmrSmr[kwfygbl;/
1/ Multiple-Choice Single Answer
2/ Multiple-Choice Multiple Answer
3/ Drag and Drop
4/ Fill in the Blank
5/ Router Simulations wdkY yJjzpfygw,f/ tJhovdk yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;eJYar;rSmjzpfygw,f/
yHk 1.3 uawmh Multiple Choice yHkpHjzpfNyD;? yHk 1.4 uawmh Drag and Drop yHkpHjzpfygw,f/
yHk 1.5 uawmh Lab yHkpHjzpfygw,f/
yHk 1.3
owdxm;&rSmu ar;cGef;awGudk zwfvdkuf&if 'grSr[kwf Multiple Choice awGudkMunfhvdkuf&if
ar;cGef;awGu wpfckESifhwpfckwlaeovdkvkd tajzawGu [dk[mvdkvdk 'D[mvdkvdk jzpfwwfygw,f/
t*Fvdyfvdkajym&ifawmh Ambiguous aygh/ 'dG[ jzpfaewm/ tJh'guawmh CCNA rSmrS r[kwfbl;/
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Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 11 -
'Dvdk pmar;yGJawGu 'Dtwdkif;csnf;yJ/ Command awGdkufxnfhwJhtcgrSmvnf;'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/ aSUaemuf
tpDtpOfruswmwdkY? pmvHk;wpfvHk;p ESpfvHk;p jyKwfusefcJhwmwdkY tJhovdk jzpfoGm;wmeJY 'gudk trSwfay;rSm
r[kwfawmhygbl;/ 'Dawmh uRefawmftaeeJY pmar;yGJajzr,fholawGudk tBuHay;csifwmu Hands-on
Experience awGudk Budrfzefrsm;pGmvkyfyg/ tJhovdk vkyfae&if;eJY 'DudpawG[m udk,fhtwGuf bmrS
r[kwfawmhbJ vkyfaeusudpwpfckvdk jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ aeYpOfxrif;pm;aewm arSmifBuD;rJBuD;
xJrSm xrif;xdkifpm;vnf; yg;pyfaygufudkvdkufprf;p&mrvdkbl;/ bmvdkYvnf; qdkawmh tusifhjzpfoGm;wm/
tJhovkdrsdK; oifcef;pmawG[m udk,fhtwGuf vkyfaeustvkyfwpfckvdk jzpfoGm;NyDqdkawmhrS 0ifajzap
csifwmyg/
yHk 1.4
aemufwpfckajym&OD;r,f/ tJhovdkajzwJhtcgrSm Cisco u a&G;cs,fwJh tajzomvQif tajzrSef
aemf/ uRefawmfajzwmurS tajzrSefqdkNyD; Cisco ESifh NydKifjiif;vdkYr&bl;/ qdkvdkwmuAsm wpfcsdKUar;cGef;
'grSr[kwf wpfcsdKU udpawGrSm wpfckrujzpfEdkifwJh oifhavsmfwJh tajzawGSdaewwfygw,f/ tJhovdk
udprsdK;awGrSm Cisco u owfrSwfwJh tajzomvQif twnfjzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfcku Multiple
Choice awGrSm tajzu tukefrSefaevQif Choose all that apply udka&G;r,fhtpm; rSefaewJh tajz
wpfckcsif;pDukdvdkufvHa&G;cs,fay;zdkYvdkygw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh Multiple Choice ESifh uGufvyfjznfhyg
ar;cGef;awGrSm Performance Simulations awGygwwfygw,f/ 'DavmufygyJ/ pmar;yGJajzrnfholawG
-
Product of YOUTH
- 12 -
twGuf pum;vufaqmifyg;vdkufcsifwmu -
1/ pmar;yGJajzqdkrnfhae&mudk em&D0ufavmufBudKvmNyD; cPtem;,lapcsifygw,f/
2/ ar;cGef;awGudk aocsmzwfyg/ ar;cGef;uSnfaevdkYSd&ifvnf; pmwpfvHk;csif; wpfaMumif;csif;
aocsmzwfyg/ bmar;wmvJ odcsifaZmeJY ar;cGef;tqHk;udk wpfcgwnf;ausmfrzwfygeJY/ aMomf 'gudk
ar;wmyJ 'DtajzigodouG qdkNyD; tm;&yg;& ajzcsvdkufwwfygw,f/ tJh'gawGaMumifh tusrsm;wmyg/
wpfcsdKUu ar;cGef;udk tvGwfusufxm;w,f/ ar;cGef;udk aocsmrzwfawmh txJrSm ar;cGef;vSnfhxm;
wmudk rodbl;/ 'DtajzyJqdkNyD;wef;ajzcsvdkufwm/ 'gpmr&vdkYuswmr[kwfbJ ayghqvdkYuswmjzpfoGm;NyD/
olu olusrSef;vJoda&m 'gb,fvdkjzpfwmvJaygh oltm;vHk;ajzEdkifw,faygh ponfjzifh jzpfwwfygw,f/
yHk 1.5
3/ ar;cGef;wdkif;u bmudkar;wmvJqdkwmudk udk,fukd,fwdkif oJuGJpGm odzdkYvdktyfygw,f/ ar;cGef;
zwfwJhtcg ravmygeJY/ pdwfudkat;at;xm;zwfyg/ ig vkyfEdkifwJh yHkpHrsdK;eJY at;at;aq;aq; aocsm
usepGmzwfyg/
-
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 13 -
4/ Multiple Choice ar;cGef;awGudk ajzwJhtcg b,f[mu tajzrSefvnf;qdkwmudk oJuGJpGm
rodcJh&if bmutrSefvnf;qdkwm 'dG[ jzpfaecJh&if oifvkyf&rSmu olay;xm;wJh Multiple Choice
xJrS rjzpfEdkifwJh tajzawGudk t&ifqHk;z,fxkwfypfvdkufyg/ NyD;&if tJh'gawGudk rpOf;pm;eJYawmh/ wjznf;
jznf;eJY Scope udkusOf;csvdkuf/ rjzpfEdkifawmhwmawGz,fxkwfNyD; t[rf; tvSr,fawGa&G;ovdkayghAsm
Zumwifaygh/ aemufqHk;ZumwifxJu wu,fhtajzrSefudk a&G;xkwfEdkifzdkY BudK;pm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
aAsmifawmifawmif aAaA;*sd awGygawGvkyfraeeJYaemf/
5/ ar;cGef;awGudk ajzqdkwJhtcgrS tajzrSefudk a&G;NyD;NyDqdkonfhwdkif aemufar;cGef;udk qufajzzdkY
Next udk Click rESdyfrDS aemufwpfacgufjyefppfaq;yg/ bmvdkYvnf;qdkawmh Next ESdyfNyD;oGm;&if
'DajzNyD;oGm;wJh ar;cGef;udk jyefvmvdkYr&awmhbl;/ ausmfajzvdkYvnf;r&bl;/ jyefvSnfhvdkYvnf;r&bl;/
bdkvdkajym&if No Skip, No Review aygh/ 'gaMumifh aoaocsmcsmajz tdkauNyDqdkrS aemufar;cGef;udk
oGm;zdkY Next ESdyfyg/
6/ ajzNyD;oGm;wmeJY oifatmifvm; ratmifbl;vm;qdkwmudk csufcsif;od&rSm jzpfygw,f/ NyD;awmh
tJh'D Exam Centre uae oifhtrSwfygwJh atmifjrifaMumif; Report udkxkwfay;vdkufrSm jzpfygw,f/
tJh'gav;udk aocsmodrf;xm;yg/ vHk;0 raysmufygapeJY/ tJh'DtxJrSmvnf; pmar;yGJESifhywfoufwJh
Code awG PIN (Personal Identification Number) awGygygw,f/ ta&;taMumif;wpfckckvGJacsmfcJh&if
'gav;u toHk;0ifrSmyg/ atmifjrifaMumif;udk trSwfpm&if;ESifhwuG Cisco udk&ufydkif;twGif;ydkYay;rSm
jzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh oifuaerS wpfzefydkYp&mrvdkygbl;/ wpfckawmhSdygw,f/ 'gu udk,fajzwJh EdkifiH
ESifh Exam Centre ay:vnf;rlwnfygw,f/ NyD;&if cefYrSef;ajc wpfvavmufrSm Certificate udk
&Sdygvdrfhr,f/ 'DxufydkMumcsifvnf;Mumygvdrfhr,f/ pmar;yGJajzqdkpOfuwnf;u jznfhpGuf&wJh Form
rSm Certificate udkay;ydkYapcsifwJh vdyfpmtwdkif; a&mufSdvmrSmjzpfygw,f/
uRefawmf Certified Novell Administrator ajzwkef;uawmh ,dk;',m;rSmajzwmjzpfygw,f/
atmifwkef;uawmh tcsdefumvu 1996 Mo*kwfv wkef;avmufuyg/ vdyfpmajymif;bmajymif;eJY
wu,fwrf; uRefawmhfvufxJ Certificate a&mufvmcsdefu 1997 {NyDavmufrS a&mufvmwm
jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfhtouft&G,futJh'Dwkef;u avwdkufvdkY opf&Gufa
-
Product of YOUTH
- 14 -
cJhygw,f/ uRefawmfajymcsifwmu tcktcsdefuawmh vli,fawGudk uRefawmfhtawGUtBuHKawG jyefajym
&r,fh tcsdefa&mufoGm;NyDjzpfwmaMumifh BuHKcJhzl;orQav;awG oifcef;pmav;awGudk uRefawmf
tvsif;oifhovdk rQa0ay;oGm;OD;rSm jzpfw,fqdkwJh taMumif;av;yg/
1.9 Internetworking tajccH
uRefawmfwdkY tck Internetworking taMumif;ukd OD;pGm Sif;jyay;csifygw,f/ ta&;BuD;vdkYyg/
wpfckawmh Sdygw,f/ Cisco oifdk;t& yg0ifwJh OSI taMumif;awG? TCP/IP ESifh Subnetting
taMumif;awG VLSMs taMumif;awG 'gawGudk 'DpmtkyfrSm xyfrHazmfjyjcif;rjyKawmhygbl;/ bmvdkY
vnf;qdkawmh 'DtaMumif;awGtm;vHk;udk ,cif uRefawmfa&;om;NyD;cJhwJh Network Study Guide
pmtkyfawGrSm vHkavmufpGma&;om;cJhNyD;vdkYyJjzpfygw,f/
tckajymr,fh Internetworking qdkwJhtaMumif;t&muawmhuRefawmfwdkY Network Ad-
ministrator awGtm;vHk;odxm;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Network Administrator 'grSr[kwf Networking
uRrf;usifffydkifEdkif olwpfa,mufjzpfzdkYqdkwm Internetworking qdkwJhtaMumif;odSdaerSomvQif Net-
working udk uRrf;usifydkifEdkifol wpfa,mufvdkYac:qdkEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/uRefawmfqdkvdkcsifwmu Net-
working orm;awGtm;vHk;onf Network Administrator tjzpf&yfwnfcsifw,fqdk&if tck
uRefawmfajymjyay;r,fh Internetworking udk em;vnf odSdxm;&rSmjzpfvdkY tifrwefta&;BuD;ygw,f/
&uf&ufpufpuf ta&;MuD;ygw,fvdkYajymcsifwmjzpfygw,f/ (rTef;csufu urf;ukefw,f) tckuRefawmf
wdkYawG[m 'D Internetworking udkem;rvnfbl;qdk&if Cisco qdkwJhpum;vHk;udk rdrd&JUyg;pyfuae zGifh
rajymrdygapeJY/tu,fudk,fu Internetworking qdkwJh t"dyg,fudkaumif;pGm em;vnfoGm;NyDqdk&if
Cisco qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk rdrd&JUyg;pyfzsm;uae ajymxGufEdkifygNyD/ uJ 'Dawmhvnf; Mumygw,fAsm
Internetworking qdkwJhtaMumif;udk Sif;jyay;ygr,f/
uRefawmfwdkYawG[m Cisco xkwfvkyfwJh Router awG Switch awG Cisco Firewall awGudk
ravhvmcifrSm Internetworking udk OD;pGmyxravhvm&rSmjzpfygw,f/uRefawmftck Internetworking
taMumif;udk rSif;jyao;cif LAN vdkYac:wJh Local Area Network 'grSr[kwf Network wpfck
ayghAsm...tJ'D Network xJrSm Computer wpfvHk;eJYwpfvHk;udk Hub or Switch vdkUac:wJh Device
udktoHk;jyKNyD; Network csdwfqufrdoGm;wmeJY wpfNydKifeuf Computer awGwpfvHk;eJYwpfvHk;rSmay;aewJh
Service awGudkvufcHvdkY&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Service qdkwmuawmhOyrmtaeeJYajym&&if File and
-
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 15 -
Printer Sharing tpSdwJh Service, Video Conferencing Service, Web Service tpSdwJh Ser-
vice awGtrsKd;rsKd;udk vufcH&SdEkdifr,fvdkYajymwmjzpfygw,f/ atmufrSm azmfjyxm;wJh yHkav;udk Munfh
vdkufyg/
yHk 1.6
tckuRefawmfazmfjywJhyHkrSm PC1,PC2,PC3 qdkwJh Computer 3 vHk;udk Hub jzifhtoHk;jyKNyD;
Network csdwfqufxm;ygw,f/tckuRefawmfcsdwfqufxm;wJh Network udk Basic Network
'grSmr[kwf Network vdkYrac:yJb,fvdkrsKd;ac:&rSmvJAs.........'DvdkvJr[kwfygbl;tac:ta0: uGJjym;rI
av;awGSdaevdkUyg/ qHk;atmifqufNyD;zwfygNyD;&ifodygvdrfhr,f/aumif;NyD'gqdk&iftckuRefawmf csdwfquf
xm;wJh Network rSmtoHk;jyKxm;wJh Device onf Hub udktoHk;jyKNyD; csdwfqufxm;wmjzpfvdkY tJ'D
Network onf Network wpfckxJrSm&SdaewJh Network Segment wpfcktqifhyJSdygao;w,f/
aumif;jyD.. 'gqdk&if uRefawmfatmufrSm qufNyD;awmh Network Segment ESpfck SdaeyHkudk xyfNyD;awmh
azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/
wpfzufrSmjyxm;wJhyHktwdkif; Network wpfckxJrSm Network Segment (1) ESifh Net-
work Segment (2) qdkjyD; &&Sdygw,f/ tJ'D Network Segment 1 ESifh Segment 2 udk Switch jzifh
toHk;jyKjyD; Network csdwfqufjyxm; ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m tJ'D Network Segment
wpfckcsif;pDudk Collision Domain vdkYvnf; ac:Edkifyg w,f/ Switch udk toHk;jyKjyD; Network
-
Product of YOUTH
- 16 -
Segment 1 ESifh Network Segment 2 udk aygif;pyfjyD; csdwfqufay; xm;wmudkawmh Broadcast
Domain vdkYac:Edkifygw,f/ Collision Domain ESifh Broadcast Domain taMumif;udkawmh uRefawmf
Chapter- 7 rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
yHk 1.7
tckuRefawmfu Network Segment 1 ESifh Network Segment 2 csdwfqufxm;aomfvnf;
uRefawmfwdkY csdwfqufxm;wJh Network u wlnDwJh Network wpfcktwGif;rSmyJ Sdw,fqdkwmudk
odxm;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfu Network vdkY ac:&jcif;jzpf ygw,f/ aumif;jyD../
'gqdk&ifatmufrSm uRefawmf Network (2) ckyHkudk qGJjyxm;ygr,f/ uRefawmfqdkvdkcsifwmu Net-
work u txufrSm azmfjyxm;cJhovdkrsdkK; wlnDwJh Network wpfckxJrSm &SdwJh Network r[kwfawmh
ygbl;/ Network awG[m uGJjym;aejyD;jzpfvdkY Network (2) ckvdkYajymjyD; azmfjyay;&jcif;jzpfygw,f/
wpfzufrSmazmfjyay;xm;wJhyHktwdkif; tckqdk&if odD;jcm;pDSdaewJh Network A ESifh Net-
work B qdkwJh Network (2) ckudk awGUjrifEdkifygw,f/
-
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 17 -
yHk 1.8
atmufrSmuRefawmfqufjyD;awmh oD;jcm;pDSdaewJh Network (2) ckudk xyfrHazmfjyvdkuf
ygw,f/ 'DxufydkjyD;em;vnfoGm;apcsifvdkYyg/
yHk 1.9
aumif;jyD../ uRefawmfwdkYawG[m tckqdk&if oD;jcm;pD&SdaewJh Network awGudk aygif;pyf
ay;vdkufr,fqdk&if tJ'D Network MuD;udk b,fvdkac:rvJodvm;/ rod&if rSwfxm;vdkufaemf/ tJ'Dvdk
uGJjym;aewJhh Network (2) ckaygif;pyfay;xm;udk Internetwork vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ tr,fav;[Jh..
Internetwork &,f.. eifhtaMumif;udkodzdkY zwfvdkuf&wm vludkzwfzwfarmoGm;wmyJ/ apmapmuwnf;
-
Product of YOUTH
- 18 -
u rwlnDwJh Network awGuGJjym;aewJh Network awGwpfckeJYwpfckcsdwfqufwmudk Internetwork
vdkYajymvdkuf&if&wmyJ/
'gu'DvdkSdygw,f/ uRefawmfu Network eYJ Internetwork udkuGJjym;oGm;apcsifvdkY tckvdkrsdK;
tao;pdwfajymjy&jcif;yJjzpfygw,f/ aumif;NyDuRefawmfwdkYawGu'DvdkuGJjym;aewJh Network awGwpfckeJY
wpfckcsdwfqufwmudk Internetwork vdkYac:wmuawmhod&NyD/ 'gayr,fhtJ'DhrwlnDwJh Network
awGudkcsdwfqufEdkifzdkYtwGufb,fvdk Server rskdK;udktoHk;jyK&rSmvJvdkYar;vm&ifb,fvdkjyefajymMurvJ?
uRefawmfwkdYawGonf Computer awGwpfvHk;eJYwpfvHk;udk Network csdwfquf&mrSm Hub ESifh Switch
wkdYudktoHk;csNyD; Network csdwfqufw,f/ 'Dvdkqdk&if uRefawmfwdkYurwlnDwJh Network 'grSr[kwf
oD;jcm;pD&SdaewJh Network awGudkcsdwfqufay;csifw,fqdk&ifawmh Router awGudktoHk;jyK&rSmyJjzpf
ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhuRefawmfwdkYawG[m Internetworking xJrSm Router awGudktoHk;csae&jcif;yJjzpf
ygw,f/ xdkYaMumifh Router awGonf Internetwork awGjzpfatmifzef;wD;EdkifwJh device awGjzpfygw,f
vdkYajymqkdEdkifygw,f/ uRefawmfatmufrSm Internetworking vdkYac:wJh Internetwork csdwfqufxm;yHkudk
azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/
yHk 1.10
yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwdkif;oD;jcm;pD&SdaewJh Network (2) ckjzpfwJh Network A ESifh Network B
ukduRefawmfwdkYawGu Router wpfvHk;udktoHk;jyKNyD; Internetwork csdwfqufjyxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
vnf; uRefawmfutxufrSm Router awGu Internetwork awGjzpfatmifzefwD;ay; Edkifw,fvdkY
azmfjycJhwmyJjzpfygw,f/ 'DawmhuRefawmfwkdYawGodxm;&rSmu Internetwork vdkYajymvdkufwmeJY tJh'D
-
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 19 -
Internetwork qdkwm LAN (Local Area Network) 'grSr[kwf WAN (Wide Area Network)
yJjzpfjzpfuGef&uf (Network) [mwpfckxufrucsdwfqufxm;Ekdifwmudk Internetworking vdkYodxm;&
rSmyJjzpfygw,f/ Internetwork twGufcsdwfqufzdkY&eftoHk;jyK&r,fh Device awGuawmh Switch,
Hub ESifh Bridge tpSdwJh Device awGudktoHk;jyK&rSmyJjzpfygw,f/ atmufrSm Switch, Hub ESifh
Bridge wdkYudktoHk;jyKNyD; Internetworking csdwfqufxm;yHkudkazmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/
yHk 1.11
aumif;NyD'Dvdkqdk&if Internetworking rSmtoHk;jyK&r,fh Device ESifh Internetwork qdkwJh
taMumif;udkaumif;aumif; BuD;odSdem;vnfoGm;NyDvdkYxifygw,f/ 'gaMumifhuRefawmf&JU Interworking
qdkwJhtaMumif;udk'DrSmyJ&yfem;vdkufygw,f/
1.10 Rollover Cable taMumif;
uRefawmfwdkY awG[m Router awGudk Configure vkyfr,fqdk&if Router rSmygSdwJh Console
-
Product of YOUTH
- 20 -
Port udk uGefysLwmjzifh csdwfqufNyD; Configure vkyfMu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tJh'D Console
Port ESifh uGefysLwmrSm SdwJh Network Port udk csdwfqufr,fqdk&if tckajymjyr,fh Rollover Cable
ESifhcsdwfquf&rSm jzpfygw,f/
yHk 1.12
Rollover Cable qdkwmuawmh uRefawmfwdkY odaecJhNyD;wJh UTP Cable yJjzpfygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkY t&ifxkwfcJhNyD;om; pmtkyfawGrSm qdk&if UTP Cable udk Crossover ESifh Straight udk
b,fvdk nyf&r,fqdkwmazmfjycJhNyD;jzpfwmaMumifh tckwpfcgawmh UTP Cable udk Rollover tjzpf
b,fvdknyf&r,fqdkwmudk azmfjyay;rSmjzpfygw,f/
yHk 1.13
odyfrcufygbl;/ yHkudkMunfhvdkuf&if nyfwwfoGm;rSmyg/ Sif;jy&&ifawmh -
-
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
- 21 -
1/ BudK; eHygwf 1 u BudK;eHygwf 8 udkoGm;r,f/
2/ BudK; eHygwf 2 u BudK;eHygwf 7 udkoGm;r,f/
3/ BudK; eHygwf 3 u BudK;eHygwf 6 udkoGm;r,f/
4/ BudK; eHygwf 4 u BudK;eHygwf 5 udkoGm;r,f/
5/ BudK; eHygwf 5 u BudK;eHygwf 4 udkoGm;r,f/
6/ BudK; eHygwf 6 u BudK;eHygwf 3 udkoGm;r,f/
7/ BudK; eHygwf 7 u BudK;eHygwf 2 udkoGm;r,f/
8/ BudK; eHygwf 8 u BudK;eHygwf 1 udkoGm;r,f/
1.11 Packet Tracer taMumif;
uRefawmfwdkY CCNA oifcef;pmudk Router awGeJY wu,fwrf;okyfrjyEdkifwJhtcgusawmh
Packet Tracer qdkwJh Software av;eJY okyfjySif;vif;rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh oifwdkY 'D Packet
Tracer udkawmh odzdkYvdktyfygw,f/ Software taeeJYuawmh uRefawmfwdkY pmtkyfESifhtwlygvmwJh
pD'D xJrSmxnfhay;xm;ygw,f/
pD'D xJrSm Packet Tracer 5.0 Setup.exe qdkNyD;awmhawGUvdrfhr,f/ if; udk Install vkyfvdkufyg/
NyD;&if oifcef;pmawGudk oleJYyJ oifoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ Packet Tracer ESifhtvm;o@mefwl Soft-
ware awGSdygao;w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'gav;u ydkaumif;r,fxifvdkYyg/ tdkau BudK;pm;Munfhvdkufyg/
oifcef;pm 2 rSm jyefawGUr,f/
PDF Creater- Min Hein [email protected]
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Product of YOUTH
- 22 -