Handout

Content: Hands-on presentations of instrument development and scientific applications:

Small-scale physical processes COSYNA

Presentation COSYNA - Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas

Research Unit 3

Operational Systems Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht

Centre for Materials and Coastal Research

RU 3

Rese

arch

Uni

t 3 O

pera

tiona

l Sys

tem

s

Rese

arch

Uni

t 3 (O

pera

tiona

l Sys

tem

s), T

opic

2

Succ

essf

ul m

odel

ing

of th

e bi

rth

and

deca

y of

a 1

-km

edd

y

Lif

e c

yc

le o

f a

su

bm

eso

sca

le e

dd

y

Eddy

-driv

en v

ertic

al m

otio

ncr

eate

s st

atio

nary

pat

chin

ess

Rein

er O

nken

& R

üdig

erRö

ttge

rs

Ob

serv

ati

on

s a

nd

Mo

de

lin

g o

f S

ub

me

sosc

ale

Tu

rbu

len

t P

roce

sse

s

Th

e s

ub

me

sosc

ale

wa

ve

ba

nd

1

Su

bm

eso

sca

le p

roce

sse

sO

bse

rva

tio

ns:

fro

nts

an

d s

ub

me

sosc

ale

ed

die

s

Goo

d ag

reem

ent b

etw

een

mod

el a

nd o

bser

vatio

ns o

n 23

June

201

6.O

bser

ved

and

mod

elle

d pa

tter

ns a

re ro

ughl

y in

the

sam

e pl

ace.

Ob

jec

tiv

es

an

d a

pp

roa

ch

Ex

pe

dit

ion

Clo

ckw

ork

Oce

an (J

un

e 2

01

6,

Ba

ltic

Se

a)

adva

nced

tech

nolo

gy: C

TD c

hain

, zep

pelin

with

cam

eras

unpr

eced

ente

d sp

atia

l res

olut

ion:

< 1

mex

trem

ely

high

tem

pora

l res

olut

ion:

5 -5

0 H

z

Th

e m

eso

sca

le e

nv

iro

nm

en

t

sub

me

sosc

ale

ob

serv

ati

on

s a

nd

mo

de

lin

g r

eq

uir

e

hig

h s

pa

tia

l a

nd

te

mp

ora

l re

solu

tio

ns

Hig

h–

reso

luti

on

nu

me

ric

al

mo

de

lin

g:

do

ub

le –

ne

stin

g2

mes

osca

le e

nviro

nmen

t: ne

st R

OM

S w

ith 5

00-m

reso

lutio

n in

op

erat

iona

l mod

el.

subm

esos

cale

pro

cess

es: s

econ

d ne

st w

ith 1

00-m

reso

lutio

n.

Tra

cer

fie

lds:

reso

lutio

n of

narr

ow fi

lam

ents

(200

m)

and

smal

l edd

ies

(~ 1

km

)

Co

nc

lusi

on

Unp

rece

dent

ed h

igh-

reso

lutio

n ob

serv

atio

ns a

nd m

odel

ing

of su

bmes

osca

le p

roce

sses

with

nov

el in

stru

men

tatio

n

Firs

t com

plet

e ed

dy lif

e cy

cle

from

gen

erat

ion

to d

ecay

Dem

onst

rate

d co

uplin

g of

phy

sics a

nd b

ioge

oche

mist

ry

Re

lati

ve

vo

rtic

ity

bias

ed d

istr

ibut

ion

of re

lativ

e vo

rtic

ity-1

7 <

ζ/f

< 1

3 un

bala

nced

flow

, cen

trifu

gal i

nsta

bilit

y

Cyan

obac

teria

are

agg

rega

ted

at a

su

bmes

osca

le fr

ont

A v

ery

smal

l edd

y,

obse

rved

by

the

zepp

elin

Ve

rtic

al

ve

loc

ity

:-1

0 <

w<

10 m

h-1

plan

kton

gro

wth

, nut

rient

s

1M

cWill

iam

s, 20

162

Berg

, 201

2

Pro

pe

rtie

s

betw

een

mes

o-an

d m

icro

scal

efo

rwar

d en

ergy

cas

cade

rout

e to

dis

sipa

tion

Fe

atu

res

fron

ts, e

ddie

s, fil

amen

tsva

rious

inst

abili

ty ty

pes

inte

rnal

wav

es

Sc

ale

s a

nd

dy

na

mic

s

horiz

. sca

les:

10

m

10 k

mtim

e sc

ales

:ho

urs

days

Ro1

30

Re

lev

an

ce

high

ly n

onlin

ear

stro

ng v

ertic

al m

otio

npl

ankt

on g

row

th

References Observations and Modeling of Submesoscale Turbulent Processes Reiner Onken, Rüdiger Röttgers

Berg, P. (2012) Mixing in HBM. DMI Scientific Report, 12-03, Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut, København, Denmark.

McWilliams, J. C. (2016) Submesoscale currents in the ocean. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 472: 20160117, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0117.

Hoskins, B. J. (1982) The mathematical theory of frontogenesis. Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics, 14, 131 – 151.

Rese

arch

Uni

t Ope

ratio

nal S

yste

ms:

Topi

c 2

Wav

e N

umbe

r [ra

d/m

]

Frequency [rad/s]

Distance [m]

Dis

tanc

e [m

]

0u

0u

3D F

FT

Win

d Tu

rbin

es

Win

dDi

rect

ion

Mic

hael

Str

eßer

, Rub

en C

arra

sco,

Mar

ius C

ysew

ski,

Jörg

Seem

ann

and

Joch

enHo

rstm

ann

Sens

ing

the

Oce

an w

ith M

arin

e Ra

dars

HZG’

s X-B

and

Dopp

ler R

adar

Surfa

ce W

aves

, Cur

rent

s and

Bat

hym

etry

A Do

pple

rized

mar

ine

rada

r (X-

Band

) has

bee

n de

velo

ped

in

colla

bora

tion

with

the

Elec

trot

echn

icalU

nive

rsity

of

St. P

eter

sbur

g, R

ussia

Ope

ratio

n fro

m p

latfo

rms a

nd

mov

ing

vess

els

Sim

ulta

neou

s, re

mot

e m

easu

rem

ents

of s

urfa

ce

win

ds, s

pect

ral w

ave

para

met

ers,

surfa

ce cu

rren

ts1

and

coas

tal b

athy

met

ry.

Conc

lusio

n■

Succ

essf

ul d

evel

opm

ent o

f a D

oppl

erize

dm

arin

e ra

dar f

or sh

ip-o

r lan

d-ba

sed

hydr

ogra

phy

■M

easu

rem

ents

of w

aves

, cur

rent

s and

bat

hym

etry

from

pla

tform

s and

m

ovin

g ve

ssel

s ■

Loca

ting

and

trac

king

of i

nter

nal w

aves

, oce

an fr

onts

and

win

d va

riatio

ns b

y re

al-ti

me

visu

aliza

tion

of su

rface

feat

ures

■

Rada

r met

hods

are

app

lied

to a

irbor

ne v

ideo

to re

trie

ve h

igh-

reso

lutio

n cu

rren

t map

s

Surfa

ce F

eatu

res

Surfa

ce W

inds

Inte

rnal

Wav

esSu

bmes

osca

leEd

dy

Visu

aliza

tion

of su

rface

feat

ures

via

inte

grat

ion

of g

eoco

ded

rada

r ba

cksc

atte

r int

ensit

y im

ages

Real

-tim

e lo

catin

g an

d m

onito

ring

of e

.g. i

nter

nal w

aves

or o

cean

fron

t s

Wav

e di

sper

sion

rela

tions

hip

depe

nds o

n lo

cal w

ater

dep

th a

nd lo

cal

curr

ents

Long

-term

ope

ratio

nal m

onito

ring

of w

aves

2,3

and

curr

ents

4,5

from

land

-or

plat

form

-bas

ed ra

dar s

tatio

nsDo

pple

r vel

ociti

es a

re u

sed

to re

trie

ve si

gnifi

cant

wav

e he

ight

s with

out

exte

rnal

calib

ratio

n2,3

Appl

icatio

n of

Rad

ar M

etho

ds to

Airb

orne

Vid

eo

Rada

r Dop

pler

Cur

rent

Pro

filer

(RDC

P)

Win

d Gu

sts

Win

d Fa

rm Im

pact

sGu

sts a

re

iden

tifie

dup

to

one

min

ute

befo

re th

ey

ap

proa

ch.

HZG’

s rad

ar st

atio

n at

Syl

t.

Win

d Sp

eed

[m/s

]

8.4

9.6

01

2

Dist

ance

[km

]

Surfa

ce w

inds

are

the

mai

n so

urce

of r

adar

bac

ksca

tter6

Win

d fie

lds e

stim

ated

in th

e sp

atia

l and

tem

pora

l dom

ain

0 s

120

s

60 s

01

2

Dist

ance

[km

]

Win

d Sp

eed

[m/s

]

9.5

14

Cred

it: V

atte

nfal

l

Nor

dern

ey Isla

nd

shoa

l

shoa

l

Cont

our l

ines

ex

trac

ted

from

DGM

-W

Map

by

Gian

Brem

m, N

LWKN

Fo

rsch

ungs

stel

leKü

ste

Wat

er D

epth

[m]

-15

0

RV Lu

dwig

Pra

ndtl

with

two

RDCP

ant

enna

s.

Rada

r met

hods

for r

etrie

ving

surfa

ce

curr

ents

are

app

lied

to v

ideo

imag

ery

acqu

ired

by

a qu

adco

pter

Proo

f-of-c

once

pt b

y co

mpa

rison

s to

Acou

stic-

Dopp

ler-C

urre

nt-P

rofil

er

mea

sure

men

ts7

High

-reso

lutio

n cu

rren

t map

s with

in

min

utes

=||

()+

Spat

io-te

mpo

rali

mag

ese

quen

ceW

aven

umbe

r-fre

quen

cysp

ectr

um

Velo

city

in li

ne-o

f-sig

htTw

o ra

dar a

nten

nas w

ith fi

xed

perp

endi

cula

r vie

w a

ngle

sCu

rren

t map

s whi

le v

esse

l is

mov

ing

Curr

ent S

peed

[m/s

]

01.

20

2040

Dist

ance

[m]

Phot

o by

Lip

pels/

HZG

The

uppe

r wat

er co

lum

n is

high

ly

affe

cted

by

win

d sh

ear,

whe

reas

ac

oust

ic in

stru

men

ts a

re u

sual

ly

“blin

d” n

ear t

he b

ound

ary

betw

een

wat

er a

nd a

tmos

pher

e Ve

rtica

l nea

r-sur

face

curr

ent s

hear

de

duct

ed b

y an

alyz

ing

diffe

rent

wav

e le

ngth

s

Cont

inuo

us m

onito

ring

of

coas

tal e

rosio

n on

tim

e sc

ales

of h

ours

to d

ecad

es.

Appl

icabl

e fro

m m

oder

ate

wav

e co

nditi

ons t

o se

vere

stor

m co

nditi

ons

050

010

00

Dist

ance

[km

]

flood

eddy

3-5

km

1 Hor

stm

ann

et a

l. 20

15,2,

3 Car

rasc

o et

al.

2017

a b

, 4 She

n et

al.

2016

, 5 Hua

ng e

t al.

2016

, 6 Vice

n-Bu

eno

et a

l. 20

13, 7 S

treß

er e

t al.

2017

References Sensing the Ocean with Marine Radars Michael Streßer, Ruben Carrasco, Marius Cysewski, Jörg Seemann, Jochen Horstmann

Horstmann, J., J.C. Nieto Borge, J. Seemann, R. Carrasco and B. Lund (2015) Wind, Wave and Current retrieval utilizing X-Band Marine Radars, Chapter 16 in Coastal Ocean Observing Systems, Elsevier, p.281-304.

Carrasco, R., Streßer, M., and Horstmann, J. (2017) A simple method for retrieving significant wave height from Dopplerized X-band radar. Ocean Sci., 13, 95-103, http://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-95-2017

Carrasco, R., J. Horstmann, and J. Seemann (2017) Significant Wave Height Measured by Coherent X-Band Radar. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 55(9), pp. 5355-5365, http://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2706067.

Shen, C, W. Huang, E.W. Gill, R. Carrasco and J. Horstmann (2015) An Algorithm for Surface Current Retrieval from X-band Marine Radar Images. Remote Sens., Vol. 7, p. 7753-7767, http://doi.org/10.3390/rs70607753.

W. Huang, R. Carrasco, C. Shen, E. W. Gill and J. Horstmann (2016) Surface CurrentMeasurements Using X-Band Marine Radar With Vertical Polarization, in IEEE Transactionson Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2988-2997,http://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2509781.

Vicen-Bueno, R., J. Horstmann, E. Terril, T. de Paolo, and J. Dannenberg (2013) Real-Time Ocean Wind Vector Retrieval from Marine Radar Image Sequences Acquired at Grazing Angle. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., Vol. 30, p. 127–139, http://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00027.1.

M. Streßer, R. Carrasco and J. Horstmann (2017) Video-Based Estimation of SurfaceCurrents Using a Low-Cost Quadcopter, in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol.PP, no. 99, pp. 1-5, http://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2017.2749120.

Ope

ratio

nal S

yste

ms

Glid

er tu

rbul

ence

tran

sect

s acr

oss

Am

unds

en G

ulf,

Arc

tic O

cean

:

Cont

inuo

us 1

1-da

y tu

rbul

ence

mea

sure

men

ts>4

00 in

divi

dual

pro

files

Iden

tify

extr

emel

y lo

w b

ackg

roun

d tu

rbul

ence

leve

ls

Lu

ca

s M

erc

ke

lba

ch

, Je

ff C

arp

en

ter,

Laris

sa S

chul

tze,

Ben

jam

in S

chei

fele

, Ste

phan

ie W

ater

man

Tu

rbu

len

ce o

bse

rva

tio

ns

fro

m o

cea

n g

lid

ers

:

Arc

tic

Oce

an

he

at

flu

xe

s

Turb

ulen

ce g

over

ns im

port

ant p

roce

sses

in th

e co

asta

l oce

an:

Hea

t flu

xes

and

stra

tific

atio

nN

utrie

nt d

ynam

ics a

nd p

hyto

plan

kton

gro

wth

Sedi

men

t res

uspe

nsio

n an

d tr

ansp

ort

Gli

de

r te

ch

no

log

y

Tu

rbu

len

ce i

n c

oa

sta

l o

cea

ns

No

rth

Se

a t

urb

ule

nce

an

d f

lux

es

Arc

tic

Oce

an

tu

rbu

len

ce a

nd

he

at

flu

xe

s

Tu

rbu

len

ce i

n t

he

Arc

tic

Oce

an

Oce

an te

mpe

ratu

re (t

op) a

nd tu

rbul

ent d

issi

patio

n ra

te (b

otto

m)

obse

rved

in th

e N

orth

Sea

in s

umm

er 2

014.

Glid

erin

the

field

Cont

inuo

us, l

ong-

dura

tion

turb

ulen

ce st

udie

sSa

mpl

ing

in s

torm

y an

d ex

trem

e co

nditi

ons

Auto

nom

ousl

y an

d re

mot

ely

oper

ated

(co

st re

duci

ng)

Dev

elop

men

t:Vi

rtua

l AIS

sys

tem

for g

lider

ope

ratio

ns in

the

Nor

th S

eaD

evel

opin

g ar

tific

ial g

ills

for g

lider

pow

ered

by

hydr

ogen

fuel

ce

lls

Mot

ivat

ing

ques

tion:

Is th

ere

a si

gnifi

cant

oce

an h

eat f

lux

resp

onsi

ble

for A

rctic

sea

ice

mel

t?

A q

uant

ifica

tion

and

unde

r-st

andi

ng

of A

rctic

Oce

an v

ertic

al tu

rbul

ent

heat

flux

es is

nee

ded:

Oce

an’s

role

in s

ea ic

e he

at

budg

etM

echa

nism

s im

port

ant f

or

quan

tifyi

ng fu

ture

cha

nges

in

ice-

free

Arc

tic su

mm

ers

Arc

tic tu

rbul

ence

mea

sure

men

ts

are

spar

se a

nd d

iffic

ult

The

Arc

tic st

udy

is a

co

oper

atio

n be

twee

n H

ZG a

nd th

e U

nive

rsity

of

Brit

ish

Colu

mbi

a

Sche

mat

icof

proc

esse

sinv

estig

ated

and

glid

er

sam

plin

gm

odes

Dee

p oc

ean

heat

sto

rage

Hea

t flu

x to

sea

ice

Tem

pera

ture

[C]

Depth [m]

400

800

1200

16000 -2

-10

1

Basi

n m

easu

rem

ents

Slop

e m

easu

rem

ents

Turb

ulen

t dis

sipa

tion

0

400

300

200

100

Depth [m]

Alo

ng-t

rack

dis

tanc

e [k

m]

050

100

150

-8 -12

-11

-10

-9

Tem

pera

ture

[C]

Turb

ulen

ce d

issi

patio

n ra

te [W

/kg]

Co

nc

lusi

on

s

Lo

ng

-du

rati

on

tu

rbu

len

ce a

nd

cu

rre

nt

me

asu

rem

en

ts

fro

m a

n a

uto

no

mo

us

pla

tfo

rm

Qu

an

tifi

ed

tu

rbu

len

t v

ert

ica

l h

ea

t fl

ux

es

De

nse

st m

ea

sure

me

nts

of

Arc

tic

tu

rbu

len

ce t

o d

ate

Ou

tlo

ok

Ide

nti

fy p

hy

sic

al

me

ch

an

ism

s o

bse

rve

d i

n A

rcti

c O

cea

n

turb

ule

nce

Use

gli

de

rs t

o s

tud

y t

urb

ule

nce

in

ex

tre

me

co

nd

itio

ns

Art

ific

ial

gil

ls f

or

gli

de

rs p

ow

ere

d b

y h

yd

rog

en

Cu

rre

nts

fro

m g

lid

er

mo

un

ted

AD

CP

East

war

d an

d no

rthw

ard

curr

ents

obs

erve

d fr

om a

glid

er

mou

nted

Aco

ustic

Dop

pler

Cur

rent

Pro

filer

(AD

CP) i

n th

e Ba

ltic

Sea

in Ju

ne 2

016.

log(

ε) [W

/kg]

Refe

renc

es: S

chul

tze

et a

l. (2

017)

; Sch

eife

leet

al.

(sub

mitt

ed)

References Turbulence observations from ocean gliders: Arctic Ocean heat fluxes Lucas Merckelbach, Jeff Carpenter, Larissa Schultze, Benjamin Scheifele, Stephanie Waterman

Schultze, L. K. P., Merckelbach, L. M., & Carpenter, J. R. (2017) Turbulence and mixing in a shallow shelf sea from underwater gliders. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012872.

Benjamin Scheifele, Stephanie Waterman, Lucas Merckelbach and Jeffrey Carpenter (2018). Measuring the Dissipation Rate of Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Low Energy Environments: A Case Study from the Arctic Ocean. Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans.

■ ■ ■

References Sub-millimeter scale turbulent airflow dynamics above waves Marc Buckley, Fabrice Veron, Jochen Horstmann, Jeff Carpenter

Buckley, M.P. & Veron, F. Exp Fluids (2017) Airflow measurements at a wavy air–water interface using PIV and LIF, Experiments in Fluids, 58: 161, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2439-2.

Buckley, M.P. and F. Veron, (2016) Structure of the Airflow above Surface Waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 1377–1397, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-15-0135.1.

■ ■ ■ ■

Cru

ise

Line

r Mei

n Sc

hiff

3

• • •

• • • •

• • •

• • • •

• •

References FerryBox: Cost-Effective Tool for Coastal Ocean Observations Wilhelm Petersen, Yoana Voynova, Martina Gehrung, Henrike Thomas, Hendrik Rust, Daniel Blandfort, Ulrich Callies

Petersen, W. (2014) FerryBox systems: State-of-the-art in Europe and future development, Journal of Marine Systems, Volume 140, pp 4-12, ISSN 0924-7963, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.003.

Petersen, W., Colijn, F. (Eds) (2017) FerryBox White Paper. EuroGOOS publication 2017, http://eurogoos.eu/download/publications/EuroGOOS_Ferrybox_whitepaper_2017.pdf.

Voynova, Y., Brix, H., Petersen, W., Weigelt-Krenz, S., Scharfe, M. (2017) Extreme flood impact on estuarine and coastal biogeochemistry: The 2013 Elbe flood. Biogeosciences, 14, 541-557, http://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-541-2017.

■ ■ ■

References Development of an Automated Hyperspectral Absorption Sensor - High-Frequency Phytoplankton Biomass and Taxonomy Jochen Wollschläger, Rüdiger Röttgers, Oliver Listing, Wilhelm Petersen

Wollschläger, J., Grunwald, M., Röttgers, R. and Petersen, W. (2013) Flow-through PSICAM: a new approach for determining water constituents absorption continuously. Ocean Dynamics 63(7): 761-775, http://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0629-x.

Wollschläger, J., Röttgers, R., Petersen, W. and Wiltshire, K. H. (2014) Performance of absorption coefficient measurements for the in situ determination of chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 453(0): 138-147, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.01.011

Wollschläger J., Voß D., Zielinski O. and Petersen W. (2016) In Situ Observations of Biological and Environmental Parameters by Means of Optics—Development of Next-Generation Ocean Sensors With Special Focus on an Integrating Cavity Approach. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 753-762, http://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2016.2557466

Rese

arch

Uni

t Ope

ratio

nal S

yste

ms:

Topi

c 4

Ma

rtin

Hie

ron

ym

i, D

anie

l Beh

r, H

enni

ng B

urm

este

r, Ro

land

Doe

rffe

r, Ke

rstin

Hey

man

n, H

ajo

Kras

eman

n, D

agm

ar M

ülle

r & R

üdig

erRö

ttge

rs

Co

ast

al

Su

spe

nd

ed

Pa

rtic

le D

yn

am

ics

From

the

wat

er s

ampl

e to

a la

rge-

scal

e vi

ew o

f coa

stal

regi

ons

Th

e c

oa

sta

l o

cea

n a

nd

ma

rgin

al

sea

s: A

gre

at

ch

all

en

ge

Win

d

Su

n

Cur

rent

Sent

inel

-2 /

MSI

imag

e w

ith 1

0 m

reso

lutio

n.

Hig

h r

eso

luti

on

ob

serv

ati

on

s o

f th

e c

oa

sts

Glo

ba

l d

ata

fo

r c

lim

ate

stu

die

s

HZG

is p

artn

er o

f ESA

’s O

cean

Col

our–

Clim

ate

Chan

ge In

itiat

ive,

w

hich

pro

vide

s con

sist

ent c

hlor

ophy

ll tim

e se

ries

of g

loba

l sa

telli

te d

ata

(4 k

m b

inni

ng, d

aily

to m

onth

ly m

eans

).

Glo

bal c

hlor

ophy

ll tr

ends

from

199

7 to

201

6. U

p to

now

, the

re

are

no s

igni

fican

t tre

nds

for t

he N

orth

Sea

are

a de

tect

able

, but

fo

r som

e ot

her r

egio

ns (d

atas

et to

sho

rt fo

r clim

ate

stud

ies)

.

Sent

inel

-3 /

OLC

I Im

age

of th

e Ba

ltic

and

Nor

th S

ea fr

om Ju

ne 2

016

(sw

ath

wid

th

1270

m, 3

00 m

reso

lutio

n).

Estim

ated

of c

hlor

ophy

ll an

d to

tal s

uspe

nded

mat

ter c

once

ntra

tion.

The

OLC

I Neu

ral N

etw

ork

Swar

m

algo

rithm

app

lies

fuzz

y lo

gic

wat

er ty

pe c

lass

ifica

tion

with

the

aim

to p

rodu

ce b

est p

ossi

ble

prod

ucts

fo

r ope

n oc

ean,

coa

stal

, and

inla

nd w

ater

s [H

iero

nym

iet a

l., 2

017]

.

Hig

h TS

M c

once

ntra

tions

in th

e W

adde

nSe

a.

Turb

ulen

t win

d fa

rm w

akes

(fal

se c

olou

rim

age)

.

CDO

M fr

om ri

ver m

ixes

with

turb

id w

ater

s.

•U

nder

stan

ding

dyn

amic

s and

cha

ract

eris

tics o

f org

anic

and

inor

gani

c su

spen

ded

part

icle

s

•Co

verin

g co

asta

l are

as fr

om ti

dal c

atch

men

t to

shel

f sea

mar

gin

•El

ucid

ate

mec

hani

sms a

nd q

uant

ify fl

uxes

of t

he c

oast

al p

artic

les

on a

ppro

pria

te s

cale

s

Med

ian

Chlo

roph

yll c

once

ntra

tion

ofO

C-CC

I v3.

1 da

tase

tfro

m19

97 to

2016

Sta

ke

ho

lde

rs

•Re

mot

e se

nsin

g te

am o

f HZG

de

velo

ped

the

stan

dard

al

gorit

hm fo

r coa

stal

oce

ans

•Te

am p

rovi

des

oper

atio

nal

algo

rithm

s for

Bal

tic S

ea

•Pr

ovid

es s

atel

lite

data

of t

he

Ger

man

Big

ht to

dat

a po

rtal

Mo

tiv

ati

on

Phen

olog

y of

max

imum

mea

n Ch

lcon

cent

ratio

n in

the

Nor

th S

ea. P

relim

inar

y an

alys

is s

how

s ch

ange

of t

imin

g of

alg

ae b

loom

s.

The

cont

ext o

f res

earc

h an

d m

ain

proc

esse

s un

der i

nves

tigat

ion

(ada

pted

from

JGO

FS, 2

001)

.

Ma

in c

o-o

pe

rati

on

pa

rtn

ers

X Yo

uar

ehe

re!

Co

nc

lusi

on

s

Our

oce

an c

olor

pro

duct

s de

liver

suf

ficie

ntly

pre

cise

dat

a to

inve

stig

ate

spat

ial a

nd

tem

pora

l var

iabi

lity

of s

uspe

nded

par

ticle

con

cent

ratio

n an

d ph

ytop

lank

ton.

Ou

tlo

ok

Com

bine

sat

ellit

e pr

oduc

ts w

ith in

situ

dat

a to

inve

stig

ate

carb

on re

late

d flu

xes

(PP,

DO

C, P

OC)

and

eco

logi

cal f

unct

ions

of p

lank

ton

and

crea

te n

ew s

atel

lite

prod

ucts

. Da

y o

f

Ye

ar

XYo

uar

ehe

re!

References

Coastal Suspended Particle Dynamics - From the water sample to a large-scale view of coastal regions Martin Hieronymi, Daniel Behr, Henning Burmester, Roland Doerffer, Kerstin Heymann, Hajo Krasemann, Dagmar Müller, RüdigerRöttgers

Hieronymi, Martin, Dagmar Müller, Roland Doerffer (2017) The OLCI Neural Network Swarm (ONNS): A Bio-geo-optical Algorithm for Open Ocean and Coastal Waters. Frontiers in Marine Science 4, 140, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00140.

(Image: http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/)

Rese

arch

Uni

t Ope

ratio

nal S

yste

ms:

Topi

c 4

> 30

00 w

ater

sam

ples

ana

lyse

d to

enh

ance

info

rmat

ion

of s

tatis

tical

re

latio

nshi

p be

twee

n TS

M c

once

ntra

tion

and

orga

nic

frac

tion

Ana

lytic

al m

odel

furt

her s

epar

ates

the

orga

nic

com

pone

nt in

to “f

resh

” pe

lagi

c (P

OM

f) an

d m

iner

al a

ssoc

iate

d (P

OM

m)

frac

tions

Ma

rin

e s

no

w:

un

de

rsa

mp

led

& u

nd

err

ate

d

Pla

nk

ton

an

d p

art

icle

ob

serv

ato

ry

Cont

inuo

us a

utom

atic

sm

all-s

cale

ob

serv

atio

ns in

real

-tim

e

Part

icle

s, pl

ankt

on &

hyd

rogr

aphy

Tem

pora

l sca

les:

1s

–m

onth

s

Prov

ides

uni

que

time-

serie

s

Hig

h-r

eso

luti

on

ma

rin

e s

no

w o

bse

rva

tio

ns

Co

nc

lusi

on

Kla

s O

ve

Mö

lle

r, Ro

lf Ri

ethm

ülle

r, Bo

ris C

isew

ski,

Phili

pp F

isch

er, C

hris

tian

Möl

lman

n, G

ötz

Flös

er, M

arku

s Sch

arta

u, K

ai W

irtz

Co

ast

al

Su

spe

nd

ed

Pa

rtic

le D

yn

am

ics

Reso

lvin

g m

arin

e pa

rtic

le c

hara

cter

istic

s an

d va

riabi

lity

Firs

t per

man

ent o

bser

vatio

ns re

solv

ing

dyna

mic

pul

ses a

nd h

igh

varia

bilit

y of

m

arin

e sn

ow o

ccur

ence

pot

entia

lly li

nked

to p

rimar

y pr

oduc

tion,

tida

l cyc

le a

nd

turb

ulen

ce.

Estim

ate

rem

iner

alis

atio

n vs

. si

nkin

g / t

rans

port

Tran

slat

ion

of o

ptic

al

mea

sure

men

ts in

to p

artic

le

cont

ent,

agg

rega

tion

& tr

ansf

er

Det

erm

ine

carb

on fl

ux a

nd

expo

rt

Phys

ical

: pas

sive

sin

king

, ver

tical

tran

spor

t, la

tera

l adv

ectio

nBi

olog

ical

: act

ive

feed

ing,

ver

tical

mig

ratio

n, fr

agm

enta

tion

Mar

ine

aggr

egat

es a

nd p

artic

les

of b

ioge

nic

orig

in (m

arin

e sn

ow) p

lay

a m

ajor

ro

le in

the

ocea

ns p

artic

le fl

ux a

s the

maj

or v

ecto

r of c

arbo

n tr

ansp

ort.

Com

bina

tion

of sa

telli

te d

ata

and

anal

ytic

al m

odel

rev

eals

a p

rono

unce

dtr

ansi

tion

zone

that

kee

ps p

artic

ulat

e m

atte

r in

the

Wad

den

Sea.

Firs

t opt

ical

long

-ter

m o

bser

vatio

n an

d qu

antif

icat

ion

of k

ey p

roce

sses

influ

enci

ng c

arbo

n flu

x an

d zo

opla

nkto

n -m

arin

e sn

ow in

tera

ctio

ns.

Uni

que

high

-res

olut

ion

time-

serie

s of c

oast

al m

arin

e sn

ow a

bund

ance

re

veal

s hig

h va

riabi

lity

and

dyna

mic

pul

ses o

f agg

rega

te c

once

ntra

tion.

Inve

stig

ate

feat

ures

(e.g

. agg

rega

tion,

set

tling

, flo

w p

atte

rns)

of t

he

tran

sitio

n zo

ne in

fron

t of t

he W

adde

n Se

a an

d in

oth

er c

oast

al a

reas

.

Estim

ate

carb

on fl

uxes

and

trop

hic

impo

rtan

ce o

f org

anic

par

ticle

s in

co

asta

l are

as b

y ex

tend

ing

in-s

ituop

tical

sam

plin

g.

Eluc

idat

e an

d qu

antif

y po

tent

ial l

inks

of t

he s

helf

to th

e oc

ean’

s bi

olog

ical

ca

rbon

pum

p by

com

bini

ng la

rge-

scal

e sa

telli

te o

bser

vatio

n, h

igh-

reso

lutio

n in

-situ

time

serie

s and

bio

-geo

chem

ical

mod

els.

Ou

tlo

ok

Ex

ch

an

ge

pa

tte

rns

of

pa

rtic

ula

te m

att

er

Part

icle

dis

trib

utio

n ob

serv

ed w

ith th

e A

DCP

(upp

er p

anel

) and

mar

ine

snow

con

cent

ratio

n fr

om

imag

es (l

ower

pan

el) d

urin

g a

one

wee

k pe

riod

in Ju

ne 2

017.

Dia

gram

of t

he b

iolo

gica

l car

bon

pum

p an

d th

e im

port

ant r

ole

of m

arin

e sn

ow (a

dapt

ed fr

om JG

OF)

Feca

l pel

let

Regu

lar s

now

Phae

ocys

tis s

now

Dia

tom

sno

w

Elu

cid

ate

tro

ph

ic r

ole

of

ma

rin

e s

no

w

The

COSY

NA

und

erw

ater

obs

erva

tory

Cope

pods

indi

catin

g pa

rtic

le fe

edin

g be

havi

or

No.

of

part

icle

im

ages

Aco

ustic

back

scat

ter

inte

nsity

[# L-1]

Mar

ine

snow

con

cent

ratio

n

Ke

y p

roce

sse

s

2017

1000 80

0

200

600

400 0

% P

OM

m

% POMf

TSM

/ g

m-3

LoI / %

Sp

rin

g

Su

mm

er

Au

tum

n/W

inte

r

POM

f –PO

Mm

(2

009

aver

age)

g m-3

Org

anic

frac

tion

of T

SM

(200

9 av

erag

e)

%

Loss

on

Igni

tion

(LoI

) vs.

TSM

from

Ger

man

Big

ht w

ater

sam

ples

take

n be

twee

n 20

00 a

nd 2

014.

Col

ors i

ndic

ate

seas

on a

nd li

nes r

epre

sent

the

best

mod

el fi

t.

Org

an

ic p

art

icu

late

ma

tte

r d

istr

ibu

tio

n

Rapi

d tr

ansi

tion

from

PO

Mm

(Wad

den

Sea)

to P

OM

f(G

erm

an B

ight

) Zo

ne o

f int

ense

inte

ract

ion

betw

een

fres

h of

f-sho

re a

nd h

ydro

lised

min

eral

as

soci

ated

org

anic

mat

ter

An

aly

tic

al

mo

de

l o

f o

rga

nic

TS

M f

rac

tio

n

log10(TSM/ gm-3)

TSM

con

cent

ratio

n (2

009

aver

age)

in th

e G

erm

an B

ight

der

ived

fr

om M

ERIS

with

gen

eral

tran

spor

t pat

tern

s.

Latitude

Long

itude

Latitude

Long

itude

Latitude

Long

itude

In c

oope

ratio

n w

ith R

U

Syst

em A

naly

sis a

nd

Mod

ellin

g

References Coastal Suspended Particle Dynamics - Resolving marine particle characteristics and variability Klas Ove Möller, Rolf Riethmüller, Boris Cisewski, Philipp Fischer, Christian Möllmann, Götz Flöser, Markus Schartau, Kai Wirtz

Giering, S. L. C., R. Sanders, A. P. Martin, C. Lindemann, K. O. Möller, C. J. Daniels, D. J. Mayor, and M. A. St. John (2016) High export via small particles before the onset of the North Atlantic spring bloom. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 121, 6929–6945, http://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012048.

Moeller, K. O., St John, M., Temming, A., Floeter, J., Sell, A. F., Herrmann, J.-P., et al. (2012) Marine snow, zooplankton and thin layers: indications of a trophic link from small-scale sampling with the Video Plankton Recorder. MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES, 468, 57-69, http://doi.org/10.3354/meps09984.