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Transcript of CC - Of Work Shop Presentation
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How To Get Started in The Business
Nicardo Neil The Competitiveness Company
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The Competitiveness Companys Ornamental Fish
Program
y Developing the Ornamental Fish Value Chain inJamaica
y
Targeting Urban Areasy Stimulate and/or Implement Market-led solutions to
Issues of:y Outdated Technology
y Low Volumes
y Low Access to Inputs
y Linkages to Higher Value Markets
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WhatWe Do...y MarketDevelopment Increase the number of OF Exporters; Identify
International Importers and Make Linkages with Local Producers andExporters
y Information Provide Current & New Farmers with Info on Starting up,Upgrading, Financing, Markets, Best Practices, Inputs, links to other farmers,Training, etc.
y Technical Assistance for farmers through Short Term Technical AssistancePrograms
y Work with Financial Institutions to Negotiate Favourable Financing for OF
Farmers
y Develop the Capacity of Local Trainers to Deliver Training more Effectively
y Take A Sector-wide Approach to Developing OF.
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The Future V lue hai
The Si gapore Model
Support Markets
Brood stock Importers(Informal)
Brood stock Importers(Informal) Styrofoam1 Manufacturer
Styrofoam1 ManufacturerHardware
Hardware Fish Food & SupplyWholesalers
Fish Food & SupplyWholesalers
Input Supply
Input Supply
OF Farmers
Production
OF Farmers
Production
Pet Shops
Pet Shops
Domestic
Consumers
Domestic
ConsumersExporters
Exporters
Consolidators/
Agents
Foreign Consumers
Foreign Consumers
JNBS
JNBS
Trainers
Trainers
Extension Officers
Extension Officers
Joint Procurement
Joint Procurement
Trainer Agentson Commission
Trainer Agentson Commission
Train-the-trainer
Train-the-trainer
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Busi ess pportu itiesy Ornamental Fish is an Entrepreneurial Opportunity
not only as a Farmer....
y Breeder
y
Growery Supplier of Feed
y Para-vet/Extension Service Provider
y Fish Farm Installation & Maintenance
y Consolidator Collect & Prepare Fish for Exporty Exporter
y Aquaponics
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The Global Ornamental Fish Trade
Aquarium keeping one of the largest and fastest growing
hobbies worldwide (NABARD, 2007)
Valued at over US$ 8 Billion (Retail sales) (NABARD, 2007)
Annual Growth of 8% per annum The US imports US$ 500 Million/yr
Mostly from Developing Countries
Over 90% of Fish Exported is Freshwater
Industry rebounded well from 1997 & 2001 economic
downturns
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Local Advantages in Exporting
y Jamaicas climate ideal for year-round production
y Tropical Temperature
y No extreme weather (cold or hot)
y Proximity to the Canada & the U.S.
y Short transportation time (reduced stress for fish)
y Competitive Freight rates
y EPA Provides opportunities to access growing Europeanmarkets competitively
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Major Market Statistics
The EU is currently thelargest import market (as aregion) with over 30% (2006)
The US is the largestimporting country with15.7% of global imports
Potential Markets forJamaican Farmers
US
Canada
UKGermany
France
Netherlands
Italy Based on demand and freight logistics (costs &
time)
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Singapore The Worlds Single Largest Exporter
WhatDo TheyDo?
A City-state the size ofKingston with limited land
Strategic locationPerfect climateGood exporting
infrastructureAn efficient network of small
farmers, consolidators and
exporters 20+% of the Global Export
MarketOnly Produces 44% of its
Exports
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Top Ornamental Fish in Demand
Cichlids
Barbs
Angelfish Gouramis
Goldfish
Severum
Mollies
Oscar
Koi
Producing for Export
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Ornamental Fishes Extreme Variety
Species Water Quality Season Breeding Type Egg Type/ Care
Molly Hard water Sp. Summer Live Bearer Young Ones
Guppy Hard water Sp. Summer Live Bearer Young Ones
Platy Hard water Sp. Summer Live Bearer Young Ones
Swordtail Hard water Sp. Summer Live Bearer Young Ones
Gourami Wide Tolerance Summer Nest Builder Male Guard eggs
Rosy Barb Wide Tolerance Summer Egg Scatterer Adhesive
Gold Fish Wide Tolerance Winter Egg Scatterer Adhesive
Danio Wide Tolerance Summer Egg Scatterer Non Adhesive
Fighter Wide Tolerance Summer Nest Builder Male Guard eggs
Catfish Wide Tolerance Winter Egg depositer Enclosures Reqd.Angel Soft Water Summer Egg depositor Parents Fan Eggs
Cichlid Soft Water Summer Egg Depositors Enclosures Reqd.
Tetra Soft Water Summer Egg Scatterer Adhesive
Carp Soft Water Winter Egg Scatterer Adhesive
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The OF Production Cycle
Breeding
Feeding
CaringGrading/Sorting
Selling
Husbandry
Young Fryvs. MatureNutrition
for Growth
QualityChecking;HealthChecks
Separatingby species,
qu
ality,size
Packaging,transportation,
marketing
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Backyard Ornamental Fish Farming
y A re-circulating aquaculture system (RAS) do not require significant space and
uses vats, a system of pipes, air and water pumpsy Less susceptible to natural disasters, birds and predators
y More control over quality and Bio-Diversity
y Cost of a profitable small scale model start-up unit ranges between J$100,000 J$250,000 (# of vats, type of pump, etc.)
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Ill stration 8 at Backyard Farm
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Start- p Eq ipment & Capital Req irementsCapital Req irements for Small Ornamental Fish Farm Set p (as at A g st 2009)
Q antity Item Unit Price (J$) Total (J$)
6 56"
lastic
at 6000 48000
1 Little Giant Energy Efficient Inline
ump 45000 45000*
1 Aquarium Air
ump 5000 5000
1 Pipes & Piping Fixtures 10000 10000
1 Filter Media (e.g. Gravel) 5000 5000
1 10x20 Shade House (Frame & Shade Cloth 15000 15000
10 Glass Tanks (Breeding) 1500 15000
5 Brood Stock (Pairs) 600 3000
1 Filter Trough 4000 4000
Total 150,000
*Note: This pump is energy efficient and results in a 2/3rd reduction in monthly energy costscompared to other, cheaper pumps (and pays for itself in 10 months). Farmers may choose to
get cheaper (higher wattage) pumps to reduce start-up costs (by about $20,000).However,monthly electricity costs will be much higher. At lease 40% of Startup cost ($50,000)
recommended for working capital (spent over 4 month growing cycle)
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Prod ction 8 at Systemy Production Assumptions
y Number of breeding pairs 2y Laying frequency/month 2y Number of eggs per laying pair 500y Number of eggs/laying pair/month 1000y Total yield (fries)/harvest 2000y Mortality Rate (%) 10y Mortality (#) 200y Amount grown out 1800y Grow Out Period (days) 100y Fish Available for Sale/harvest 1800
y Fish will produce at full capacity for 9 months of the year and there will be anoticeable fall in egg-laying (about 25%) in the remaining 3 months.
y With the proper Production Cycle 12 to 15 harvests possible per year
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Main Grow-out VatsFish Produce Ammonia which is
converted into nitrates (nutritiousfor plant growth)
Main Water Catchment(Pump)
Filtration Troughs/Grow BedsPlants use up nitrates and are able to flourish.
They also filter the water.
Water Flow
Aq aponics
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Five Step Export Preparation
Identify fish forexportExamine forparasites & disease
Pre-selectionChecking
Set-up Separateholding area
Continue qualitychecks & medicate
Post-SelectionQuarantine Withhold feeding
Clear water offaecal matter
Acclimatize
Purging
Separate fish bytype, gender, etc.
Sorting &Counting Place sorted fish
into oxygenatedplastic bagsPack in polystyrene
Packaging
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Pre-Selection Checking
yAt least 1 week before fish are ready to beseparated & preparedyCheck for parasites and diseases
yExamine fish for appearance (ragged fins,ulcers, fungal patches, colour)yMake preparations for holding areayEnsure that needed chemicals, treatments
and packing materials are acquired and onhandyNotify Veterinary services of intention to
export Ornamental fish
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Quarantine
yPrepare a separate holding area
yMultiple tanks
y
Clean wateryRe-check fish for parasites, diseases,
appearance and behaviour
yApply treatments required
yAdminister prophylactic treatment such assalt, formalin, Methyl Blue, etc (consult VetServices)
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Purging
yWithhold feeding minimum 2 days and up to 5days
y Egg-laying fish usually require longer
y Siphon faecal matter from water (preventfish from eating faeces)
yClear water signifies fish are sufficientlypurges
y Purging allows fish to clear their digestivetracts. This reduces amount of waste release intransport bags, which maintains water quality.
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Sorting & Counting
yCount and Sort fish into different lotquantities according to size, species andquality.
yHold each group in separate aquaria, trays, orbuckets.yContainers should have adequate water and
air flowyWater exchange rate: minimum 4 times per
dayy Ready packaging material
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Packaging
Fish should beplaced intoplastic bagswithoxygenatedwater, sealed
and placed intopolystyreneboxes
Ideally,
squ
arebottom bagsare best,howeverpillow(regular)
bags may alsobeused
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Other Issuesy Shipping Additivesy Sedatives & Salt widely used to reduce stress and trauma.
Increased activity and stress increases oxygenconsumption during transport, which heightensmortality rates (Quinadine, MS-222, Methylene Blue)
y Temperaturey Different species thrive at different temperatures.
Tropical fish prefer 26C 30C (consult Vet Services)y Oxygen Levels
y
Preferably 60-40 Oxygen to water ratio.y Packing densityy Try to balance need to minimize shipping costs (packing
many fish per container) and to minimize fish mortality(packing less fish per container).
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Summary & Conclusions
y Mortality of Fish during transport is decreased by:y Careful Handlingy Quality water (no faecal matter)y D
iminished stress (use of sedatives andacclimatization)y Screening (examining, sorting and treating fish)y Packaging is an important decision. One must
consideryAmount of fish being shippedy Oxygen levelsy Use of polystyrene boxesy Packing Density
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MarketResearch
Identify a specific export market
Identify specific species
The Competitiveness Company
Training
Get trained in breeding, growing, feeding, care
Identify source of ongoing technical advice
Ministry of Agriculture (Twickenham Park) &Heart Ebony Park
Networking
Develop relationships with exporters or consolidators or importers
Create linkages with other farmers
Make Calls - - Call The CC
Financing
Create Business Plan and Design Fish farm based on requirements
Access financing from targeted MFIs (JN, JBDC)
Production
Set up production schedule
Breed, feed, care, sort
Logistics
Package and Transportation of fish to consolidator or exporter
Getting Started
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Critical Success FactorsProducts The Fish
Logistics
Aggressive Marketing
Training
Networking
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Challenges Identifying markets
Volumes
Packagingarketing
Freight Rates
Transportation & its effect on
ortality
Getting CertifiedExport Logistics
With respect to size, shape, colour
Control of disease, and pests
Bio-securityQuality The cost of feed
An unreliable power grid and constantly rising electricity costs
Production scheduling & throughputProduction