Manua{ on

SUBSJATION LAYOUT

Publication No. 299

Editors G.N. Mathur R.S. Chadha

ISO 9001 :2000

Central Board of Irrigation and Power New Delhi

MANUAL ON

SUBSTATION LAYOUT

•

Publication No. 299

Editors

G.N. Mathur R.S. Chadha

CENTRAL BOARD OF IRRIGATION AND POWER Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110 021

•

2006

ISBN No. 81-7336-306-4

"Reproduction of articles in publication in any form is permissible subject to proper acknowledgement and intimation to the publishers. The publishers have taken utmost care to avoid errors in che publication. However, the publishers arc in no way responsible for the authenticity of data or information given by the contributors."

(ii)

EXPERTS COMMITIEE

Chairman

Shri S.C. Misra Director (Projects) (Reul.)

Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.

Shri J.B. Shah Chief Engineer (Transmission) Gujarat Electricity Board Sardar Patel Vidyut Bhawan Race Course, Vadodara-390 007

Shri P.B. Mehta Deputy Engineer (Transmission Deptt.) Gujarat Electricity Board Sardar Patel Vidyut Bhawan Race Course, Vadodara-390 007

Sbri M.H. Kshatriya Executive En3ineer (Transmission Depll.) Gujarat Electricity Board Sardar Patel Vidyut Bhawan Race Course, Vadodara-390 007

Shri M. Gopala Rao Chief Engineer (Constmclion) AP Transmission Corporation Limited Vidyut Soudha, Hyderabad-500 082

Shri H.G. Chabra Director /P&D (TS) Bhakra Beas Management Board 66 kV Sub Stn., industrial Arca l Sector 28, Chandigarh, Punjab

Shri S.K. Roy Mohapatra Deputy Direczor (SE& TD) Central Electricity Authority Scwa Bbawan, R.K. Puram New Dclhi-llO 066

Shri R. P. Lal Executive Director (O&M) National Hydroelectric Power Corp.Ltd. Sector 33, NHPC Office Complex Faridabad (Haryana)

Members

Shri Raj Kumar General Manager National Hydroelectric Power Corp.Ltd. Sector 33 NHPC Office Complex Faridabad (Haryana)

Shri Vikas Sakscna General Manager Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd Sector 29, Plot 2, Saudamini Near IFFCO Chowk Gurgaon, Haryana

Shri M.M. Goswami Deputy General Manager (Engg. SIS) Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd Sector 29, Plot 2, Saudamini Near IFFCO Chowk Gurgaon, Haryana

Shri B.N. Saini S11perie111ending Engineer (400 kV Design) Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd Vidyut Bhawan, Janpalh Jaipur

Shri K.S. Kattigchallimatt Chief Engineer (Reul.) Kamataka Power Transmission Corpn Ltd

Shri M.K. Chowdhury Superientending Engineer (E) CP & ED West Bengal State Electricity Board Vidyut Bhawan, Bidhannagar Block - DJ, Sector 11 Kolkata-700 091

(iti)

Shri P.R. Ganage Chief Engineer (Transmission Pla1111ing) Maharashtra State Electricity Board S"' floor, Prakashganga, E Block Plot No. C 19, Kurla Complex Bandra (E}, Mumbai-400 OS 1

Shri K.K. Shah (Alternate) Executive Engineer Design Maharashtra State Electricity Board Maharashtra State Electricity Board S"' Floor, Prakashganga, E Block Plot No. C 19, Kurla Complex Bandrn (E), Mumbai-400 OS I

Shri S.K. Jain Deputy Director (T&S - If) Punjab State Electricity Board Patiala-147 001

Shri S. Ayyadurai Chief Engineer (Personnel) Tamil Nadu Electricity Board 800, Anna Salai, Chcnnai-600 002

Late Shri A.K. Kapur Fonner Executive Director Power Grid, Corporation of India Ltd. A - SS, East of Kai lash New Delhi -110 06S

Shri Salish Nayar Addi. General Manager (TBEM) Integrated Office Complex Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Lodi Road, New Dclhi-110 003

Shri Raman Gulathi Group Manager (Engg.) Alstom T&D Systems Limited A 21-24, Sector 16 Noida

Shri E.V. Rao Head (Engg.) KEC International Limited B 190, MIDC Industrial Area Butibori - 441 .l08 Nagpur District

(iv)

RAKESH NATH

Foreword

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India is on the thres'lold of high economic growth and the country's initiatives in the infrastructure sector particularly the power sector are moving fast towards a higher growth trajectory.

Substations are vital links in the power systems and their improved availability based on well thought of design parameters / lay out, etc., play major role in power delivery system.

The primary requirements of a good substation lay out are flexibility, reliability, ease of operation and maintenance and safety of operating personnel and equipment.

Keeping in view the importance of the subject and to disseminate the practices being adopted by the various utilities for substation layout and to enable them to decide the best layout suitable to their set conditions the Central Board of Irrigation and Power Published a Manual on Layout of Sub StaticM for the first time in 1967. The Publication was revised four times from 1967 to 1996.

In view of very fast technological developments in power sector it was felt desirable to comprehensively review and revise the manual once again taking into consideration the latest developments and technologies on the sub station equipment etc. The revised edition covers the basic requirements and for the sake of illustration contains typical layout for various types of bus-bar systems. This Manual includes brief discussion on the various components of auxiliary facilities required in a substation to the extent these affect station layout. It also covers other aspectS such as minimum clearances and requirements of inspection and maintenance also.

I am sure that the present pubhcation will prove to be a very useful guide for the Power Utilities, Manufacturers, and concerned engineers.

I appreciate the efforts. made by Expert committee in bringing out this comprehensive document. I congratulate CBIP, for their initiative and also commend the invaluable contribution of the authors, members of the Expert Group & Central Board of Irrigation and Power.

New Delhi November, 2006 (v)

(RAKESH NATH)

PREFACE

The country's transmission perspective plan for Tenth & Eleventh Plan focuses on the cre~tion of the National Grid so that present Generation capacity as. well as future addition are optimally utilized. For this purpose, the massive transmission system comprising of several EHV substations and transmission Jines is being planned in the years ahead. Keeping this in view, all out efforts are required to be mad_e by the planners, designers/ engineers in the country to ensure that these substations perform in the J best possible manner with minimum down time. B~side this aspect, the economic considerations and parameters relating to the safety of;lhe working personnel have to be ensured. To achieve this goal, the latest technological developments/ requirements have to be kept in view while designing these vital installations/ substations.

One of the objective of existence of Central Board of Irrigation.& Power is to work as a platform for the experts in the field to prepare vital technical publications in Power & Water Resources sectors for reference of practicing engineers and other users.

The First Manual on Substation Layout was published by the CBT&P in the year 1967. The publication was revised four times during the period 1967 - 1996. Since last edition was published about a decade back, a feed back was received that this publication is required to be comprehensively reviewed and revised taking in to consideration the developments in the technologies on the sub station equipment and utilizing experience of the professional engineers in_volved in planning, design, development, operation and maintenance of the EHV sub stations.

Accordingly a committee of experts from state utilities and PSU's was constituted under the chairmanship of Shri S.C. Misra, the then Director (Projects) POWERGRID for preparation of this revised "Manual on Substation Layout".

In this publication, a serious attempt has been made to cover the basic requirements and illustrations containing typical layout for various bus-bar systems beside brief discussion on the various components of auxiliary facilities required for a modern EHV substation including other aspects such as minimum required clearances with respect to safety, inspection and maintenance of the substation.

This manual is out come of ceaseless efforts made during last three years by all members of the expert group. The Central Board of Irrigation & Power wishes to acknowledge its • grateful thanks to the authors of this manual for their valuable contribution. I acknowledge with thanks the tremendous contribution made by late Shri A.K. Kapur, Retd. Executive Director (POWERGRID) beside the contribution by other members of the Expert group representing CEA, NHPC, A.P. TRANSCO., GEB, BBMB, RRVPNL, KPTCL, WBSEB, MSEB, PSEB, TNEB, BHEL, ALSTOM & KEC in finalizing the manual. Special thanks

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arc due to Shri S.C. Misra, Chairman of the expert group for his tremendous input and directions given. I would like to add that but for the untiring efforts of Shri V.B. Prasad, Executive Director (Retd), NHPC, Shri R.S. Chadha, the then Director (IT) CBIP, Shri M.M. Goswami, POWERGRID, Sbri S.K. Mohapatra (CEA) and Sbri R.K. Gupta (POWERGRID) it would not have been possible to bring out this updated manual in this form.

I hope that the publication will be Qf immense use and shall have excellent reference value to the practicing engineers and other professionals of power utilities, manufacturers, researchers, testing stations, faculty members and students of engineering Institutes in India and abroad.

New Delhi November 2006

(viij)

G.N. Mathur Secretary

Central 1.Joard of Irrigation & Power

CONTENTS

Preface

Foreword

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Substation Equipment

Chapter 3 Substation Auxiliary Facilities

Chapter 4 Bus-Bar Schemes

Chapter 5 Safety Clearances

Chapter 6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear

Chapter 7 Physical Layout

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Substations form an important element of transmission and distribution network of electric power system. Basically, these provide points for controlling the supply of power on different routes by means of various equipment such as transformers, compensating equipment, circuit breakers, isolators etc. The various circuits are joined together through these components to bus-bar systems at the substations. While the bus-bar systems have followed certain definite patterns, thus limiting scope for variation, there is practically no standardisation regarding the physical arrangement of the various components in the layout. For the same type of bus-bar system, different layouts have been used in different countries, and, in fact, in India there are variations in this regard among the various Power utilities and State Electricity Boards etc. Although standardisation to a great extent is feasible, some variations in layout are inevitable in view of varying climatic and other conditions in various parts of the country. This Manual gives the basic requirement, and, for the sake of illustration, contains typical layouts for various types of bus-bar systems up to 400 kV system voltage.

One of the primary requirements of a good substation layout is that it should be as economical as possible, which is particularly important in view of the paucity of land and rising cost of land, material and labour. To meet the large programme for expansion of transmission and distribution facilities, the layout should ensure the desired degree of flexibility,- reliability, ease of operation and maintenance, and safety of the operation and maintenance personnel. Besides, the layout should not lead to breakdowns in power supply due to faults within the substation, as such faults are more severe than those occurring on the lines away from the substations. This Manual includes brief details about the various components of auxiliary facilities required in substation to the extent they relate to substation layout. It also covers minimum clearances and other related aspects.

The Bureau of Indian Standards are periodically publishing Indian standards, Codes of Practice and Guides. It is essential that the equipment actually used and the practices followed conform to these standards. For the convenience of users, a list of the relevant latest Indian Standards, Codes, Guides etc. is enclosed as Appendix 1.1, and the list of relevant I EC Standard enclosed as Appendix 1.2 .

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2

Appendix 1.1

List of Indian Standards, Guides, Codes etc. required for Reference

"' IS:325 Three-phase induction motors

IS:398(Pt-1) Aluminium conductors for ovemead transmission purposes; Pt 1- Aluminium stranded conductors

IS: 398(Pt-2) Aluminium conductors for overhead transmission purposes : Pt.2- Aluminium conductors, galvanized steel reinforced

IS: 398(Pt·5) Aluminium conductors - galvanized steel reinforced for extra high voltage (400 kV and above)

IS: 692 Paper insulated lead .sheathed cables for rated voltage upto and including 33 kV - specification

IS: 694 PVC insulated cables for worl<ing voltages upto and including 1100 volts.

IS: 731 Porcelain insulators for overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 ooo volts

IS: 802 Use of structural steel in overhead transmission line towers - Code of practices.

IS: 875 (Pt 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures

IS:933 Portable chemical fire extinguisher, foam type

IS:934 Portable chemical lire extinguisher, soda acid type

IS: 1180 Three-phase distribulion lranslormers uplo and including 100 kVA, 11 kV, outdoor type

IS:1248 Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories

IS: 1255 Code of practice for installation and maintenance of paper insulated power cables (Upto and including 33 kV)

IS: 1554 (Pt-1 ) PVC insulated (heavy duty) electric cables Part-1 , for working voltages upto and including 1100 volts

IS: 1554 (Pt-2) Specification for PVC insulated (heavy duty) electric cables Part-2, for working voltages from 3.3 kV upto and including 11 kV

IS: 1646 Code of practice for lire safety of buildings (General) electrical installation

IS: 1651 Stationary cells and batteries - Lead acid type (with tubular positive plates)

IS: 1652 Plante positive plate stationery cell lead acid batteries

IS: 1866 Code of practice for maintenance and supervision of mineral insulating oil in equipment

IS: 2026 Power transformer

IS: 2062 Steel for general structural purposes - Specification

IS: 2099 Bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 volts

3

IS: 2121 Conductors and earth wire accessories for overhead power lines

IS: 2165 Insulation coordination

IS: 2190 Code of practice for selection, Installation and maintenance of portable first· aid fire extinguishers

IS: 2309 Code of practice for protection of buildings and allied structure against lightning

IS: 2486 Insulator fittings for overhead power lines with nominal voltage greater than 1000 v

IS: 2544 Porcelain post insulators for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 volts

IS: 2629 Recommended practice for hot-dip galvanizing of iron and steel

IS: 2633 Methods for testing uniformity of coating of zinc coated articles

IS: 2705 Current transformers

IS: 3034 Code of practice for fire safety of industrial building, electrical generating and distributing stations

IS: 3043 Code of practice for earthing

IS: 3070 (Pt.1) Lightning arresters for alternating current systems non-linear resistor type lightning arrester

IS: 3070 (Pt.2) Metal oxide surge arresters without gaps for alternating current systems

IS:3151 Earthing transformers

IS: 3156 Voltage transformers

IS: 3646 (Pt.1,2) Principles for good lighting and aspects of designs, code of practice

IS: 3646 (Pt.3) Code of practice for interior illumination

IS: 3716 Application guide for insulation coordination

IS: 4004 Application guide for non-linear resister type surge arrestors without series gap for AC system

IS: 4146 AppliCation guide for voltage transformers

IS: 4201 Application guide for current transformers

IS: 4691 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure for rotating electrical machineiy

IS: 5082 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy bars, rods, tubes and sections for electrical purposes

IS: 5216 (Pt. 1 &2) Guide for safety procedures and practices in electrical work

IS: 5547 Application guide for capacitor voltage transformers

IS: 5553 (Pt.1 &2) Shunt reactors

IS:5561 Specifications for electrical power connectors

IS: 5578 Guide for marking of insulated conductors

IS: 6005 Code of practice for phosphating of iron and steel

4

-- -IS: 7098 (Pt-1) Cross linked polyethylene insulated PVC sheathed cables: Part 1 For working

voltage upto and including 1 100 V

IS: 7098 (Pt-2) Cross linked polyethylene insulated PVC sheathed cables: Part 2 For working voltages from 3.3 kV upto and including 33 kV

IS: 7098 (Pt-3) Cross-linked polyethylene Insulated thermoplastic sheathed cables: Part 3 for working voltages from 66 kV upto and including 220 kV

IS:e437(Pl.1&2) Guide on effects of currents passing through human body -

IS 9921 Alternating current disconnections (isolators) for voltages above 1000 volt

IS: 10028 (Pt· 1, Pt 2&3) Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of transformers

IS:10118 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of switchgear and control gear

IS:10136 Code of practice for selection of disc insulator fittings for highest system 1101tages of 72.5 kV and above

IS:10162 Spacers and spacer dampers for twin horizontal bundle conductors.

IS:10561- Application guide for power transformers -- .

IS: 12032 (Pt·2) Graphical symbols used in electro-technology : conductors and connecting devices •

IS: 12032 (Pt-4) Graphical symbols used in electro-technology : Passive components

IS: 12032 (Pt-6) Graphical symbols used in electro-technology : Production and Conversion of electrical energy

IS: 12032 (Pt·7) Graphical symbols used in eleciro-technology : Sw~chgear, control gear and protective devices

1s· 12350 Voltage bands for eleclrical installations including preferred voltages and frequency

IS: 12063 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures of elecirical equipment

IS: 13134 Guide for selection of Insulators In respect of pollution conditions.

IS: 13118 Specification for high voltage AC circuits breakers '---

IS 13516 Methods of synthetic testing of high voltage AC circuit breakers

IS: 13947 (Pt.1 to 5) L V switchgear and control gear

ANSl/IEEE:BO IEEE guide for safety in AC substation grounding

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Appendix 1.2

List of IEC Standards

IEC-60034 (Pl to P19:) Rotating electrical machines

IEC-60044-1 Current transformers.

IEC-60044-2 Voltage Transformers

IEC-60044-4 Instrument Transformers: Measurement of Partial Discharges

IEC-60051 : (Pl to P9) Recommendations for Direct Acting indicating .analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories

IEC-60076 (Part 1 to Part 5) Power Transformers

IEC-60076-10 Determination of Transformer and Reactor Sound Levels

IEC-61095 Electromechanical Contactors for household and similar purposes

IEC-60099·4 25 Metal oxide surge arrestors without gaps

IEC·60129 Alternating Current Disconnectors (Isolators) and Earthing switches

IEC-1129 Alternating Current Earthing Switches Induced Current switchi119

IEC-60137 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 V.

IEC-60168 Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or glass for Systems with Nominal Voltages Greater than 1000 V

IEC-60183 Guide to the Selection of High Voltage Cables

IEC-60189 (Pl to P7) Low frequency .cables and wires with PVC il)sulation and PVC sheath .

IEC-60214 On-Load Tap-Changers

IEC-60233 Tests on Hollow Insulators for use in electrical e(luipment.

IEC-60255 (Part 1 to part 23) Electrical relays

IEC-60265 (Part 1 & Part 2) High Voltage switches

IEC-60273 Characteristics of indoor and outdoor post insulators for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1 OOOV

IEC-60289 Reactors

IEC IEC-60297 (Pl to P4) Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6mm (19 inches) series

IEC ·60376 Specification and Acceptance of New Sulphur Hexafloride

IEC-60437 Radio Interference Test on High Voltage Insulators

IEC-60507 Artificial Pollution Tests on High Voltage Insulators to be used on AC Systems ' IEC -60694 Common Specification for High Voltage Switchgear & Control gear Standards

IEC -60815 Guide for the Selection of Insulators in respect of Polluted Conditions

IEC -60865 (Pl & P2) Short Circuit Curren! • Calculation of effects

IEC ·60354 Loading Guide for Oil - Immersed power transformers

tEC-62271 -100 High Voltage Alternating Current Circuit Breakers

IEC -60427 Synthetic Testing of High Voltage alternating current circuit Breakers

6

IEC-61264 Pressurized Hollow Column Insulators

IEC-60358 Coupling capacitors and capacitor dividers

IEC-60481 Coupling Devices for power Line Carrier Systems

IEC-60529 Degree of Protection provided by enclosures

IEC-60947-4-1 Low voltage switchgear and control gear

IEC-60439 (Pl & 2) Low Voltage Switchgear and control gear assemblies

IEC-60353 Line traps for A.C. power systems

IEC-60481 Coupling Devices for power line carrier systems

IEC-60495 Single sideboard power l ine carrier terminals

IEC-60683 Planning of (single Side-Band) power line carrier systems

IEC-60359 Expression of the performance of electrical & electronic measuring equipment -·

IEC-60387 Symbols for Alternating-Current Electricity meters

IEC-60447 Man machine interface (MMI) -Actuating principles

IEC-60521 Class 0.5, 1 and 2 alternating current watt hour metres

IEC-60547 Modular plug-in Unit and standard 19-inch rack mounting unit based on NIM Standard (for electronic nuclear instruments)

IEC-60305 Insulators for overhead lines with nominal voltage above 1000 V-ceramic or glass insulator units for a.c. systems Characteristics of String Insulator Units of the cap and pintype

IEC-60372 (1984) Locking devices for ball and socket couplings of string insulator units: dimensions and tests.

IEC-60383 (Pl and P2) Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V.

IEC-60433 Characteristics of string insulator units of the long rod type

IEC-60471 Dimensions of Clevis and tongue couplings of string insulator units

IEC-60227 (Pl to P7) Polyvinyl Chloride insulated cables o f rated voltages up to and including 450n5ov

IEC-60228 Conductors of insulated cables

IEC-60230 Impulse tests on cables and their accessories

IEC-60287 (Pl to P3) Calculation of the continuous current rating of cables (100% load factor)

IEC-60304 Standard colours for insulation for low-frequency cables and wires

IEC-60331 Fire resisting characteristics of Electric cables

IEC-60332 (Pl to P3) Tests on electric cables under fire conditions

IEC-60502 Extruded solid dielectric insulated power cables for rated voltages from 1 kV upto to 30 kV

IEC-754 (P 1 and P2l Tests on oases evolved durina combustion of electric cables

....

Chapter 2

SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT

2.1 The substation layout is influenced to a great extent by the dimensions of the various equipment and their accessories within the substation. ·A detailed specification for various equipment is outside the scope of this Manual. However, in this chapter only the brief details of the various equipment to the extent they relate to the Substation layout, have been included.

2.2 BUS-BARS

Substations include bus-bars and are divided into bays.

2.2.1 Types of Bus-bars

2.2.1.1 The outdoor bus-bars are either of the rigid type or the strain I flexible type.

2.2.1.2 In the rigid type, pipes are used for bus-bars and also for making connections to the various equipment wherever required. The bus-bars and the connections are supported on pedestal mounted insulators. This leads to a low level type of switchyard, wherein equipment as well as the bus-bars are spread out. Since the bus-bars are rigid, the clearances remain constant. However as the bus-bars and connections are not very high from the ground, the maintenance is easy. Due to large diameter of the pipes, the corona loss is also substantially less. It is also claimed that this system is more reliable than the strain I flexible bus. In case of a rigid type bus, special care has to be taken in respect of aeolian vibration.

2.2.1.3 The the strain I flexible type of bus bars is on overhead system conductors strung between supporting structures and strain I tension type insulators. The stringing tension may be in the range of 500-900 kg per conductor I sub-conductor (of a bundle conductor) for installations upto 132 kV. For 220 kV and 400 kV installations, stringing tension may be in the range of 1000 - 2000 kg per conductor I sub-conductor (of a bundle conductor) depending upon span. The conductor tension, which strongly influences the design and weight of structure has to be specified carefully with reference to span, ambient temperature, wind velocity and relevant site conditions.

2.2.1 .4 The design of structures can be economised by suitably locating spacers in bundle conductor bus bars for 245 kV and higher voltage substations.

2.2.2 Bus-bar Material

2.2.2.1 For the rigid bus bar arrangement, aluminium pipes of Grade 63401 WP conforming to IS:.5082 are commonly used. The commonly used sizes of pipes are given in Table 2.1.

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Table 2.1 : Commonly Used Size of Pipes

System voltage Nominal diameter (kV) External (mm) Internal (mm) 72.5 42 35 145 60 52

60 49.25 245 89 78

89 74 101.6 90.1 101.6 85.4 114.3 102.3 114.3 97.2

400 114.3 102.3 114.3 97.2 127 114.5 127 109

2.2.2.2 The material commonly used for bus-bars and connections of the strain I flexible type bus-bars are ACSRJAAC. The following sizes are commonly used either as single conductors or as bundles (Table 2.2) : ·

Table 2.2 : Commonly Used Size of Conductors

System Type Stranding (Al I St.) I Diameter of complete voltaQe (kV) Dia (mm) conductor (mm)

72.5 ACSA 3017/2.79 19.53 AAC 19/./3.53 17.65

145 ACSR 3017/3.00 21.00 AAC 19/./4.22 21 .10

245 ACSR 5417/3.18 28.62 3017/4.27 29.89 541713.35 30.15

AAC 19/·/5.36 26.80 . 37/-/5.23 36.61

400 ACSR 5417/3.53 31.77

2.2.2.3 Since aluminium oxidises rapidly, great care is necessary in making connections. In case of long spans, expansion joints should be provided to avoid strain on the supporting insulators due to thermal expansion or contraction of pipes.

2.2.2.4 The bus-bar sizes should meet the electrical and mechanical requirements of the specific application for which these are chosen.

2.3 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

2.3.1 Circuit breaker is a mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions. Circuit Breakers of the types indicated below have been used in India.

36 kV Minimum oil. Bulk oil, Vacuum, SF6

72.5 kV Minimum oil. Bulk oil, SF6

145 kV

245 kV

420kV

Minimum oil. Bulk oil, SF6

Minimum oil. Bulk oil, Air Blast, SF6

Minimum oil. Bulk oil, Air Blast, SF6

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However, minimum oil, bulk oil and air blast circuit breakers are being phased out due to advancement in technology. SF6 circuit breakers are generally the pre"sent day choice at transmission voltages.

The circuit breakers may be of live tank or dead tank design. The circuit breakers of the "live tank" type for outdoor substations have the interrupters housed in porcelain weather-shields on ~he top of an insulated support column. The circuit breakers of the "dead tank" type have interrupters housed in an earthed me.ta! container with their connections taken out through porcelain bushings and the bushings may be used to house the current transformers.

2.3.2 The circuit breakers are normally mounted on individual structures.

2.3.3 245 kV and higher voltage outdoor circuit breakers, generally necessitate the provision of approach roads for breaker maintenance.

2.3.4 . The commonly used operating mechanisms are pneumatic, spring, hydraulic or their combinations.

2.4 DISCONNECTORS AND EARTHING SWITCHES

2.4.1 A disconnector is a mechanical switching device, which provides in the open position, an isolating dista·nce meeting the specified requirements. A disconnector can open and close a circuit when either a negligible current has to be broken or made or when no significant change in voltage across the terminals of each pole of the disconnector occurs. It can also carry current under normal circuit conditions and carry for a specified time the short circuit currents. Disconnectors are used for transfer of load from one bus to ~mother and also to isolate equipment for maintenance. Although a variety of disconnectors are available, the factor which has the maximum influence on the station layout is whether the disconnecter is of the vertical break type, pantograph or horizontal break type. Horizontal break type normally occupies more space than the vertical break type. Out of the horizontal centre break and horizontal double break type, the former requires a greater phase to phase clearance.

2.4.2 The location of disconnecting switches in substations affects not only the substation layouts but maintenance of the disconnectors contacts also. In some substations, the disconnects are mounted at higher positions either vertically or horizontally. Although such substations occupy smaller space, the maintenance of disconnecting switches in such substations is more difficult and time consuming.

IO

2.4.3 Earthing switch is a mechanical switching device for earthing parts of a circuit, capable of withstanding for a specified time short-circuit currents, but not required to carry normal rated currents of the circuit.

2.4.4 It is usual for disconnectors to be motorized. Earthing switches may be motorized or operated manually.

2.4.5 In case of double circuit lines the earthing switches shall be capable of switching inductive current (electromagnetically induced} and capacitive currents (electrostatically induced) as per the values specified in IEC 62271-102 when parallel circuit is energized. The disconnecter must also be capable of interrupting and making parallel circuits when transferring load between main and reserve bus bars according to IEC requirements

2.5 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

2.5.1 Instrument transformers are devices used to transform the values of current and voltage in the primary systef(l IO values suitable for the measuring instruments, meters, protective relays, etc. These also serve the purpose of isolating the primary system from the secondary system.

2.5.2 Current Transformers (CT) may be either of the bushing type or wound type. The bushing types are normally accommodated within the- transformer bushings and the wound types are invariably separately mounted. The location of the current transformer with respect to associated circuit breaker has an important bearing upon the protection scheme as well as layout of substation. So far, the wound type current transformers with dead tank construction have been used. However, current transformers with live-tank construction also are being used.

2.5.3 Voltage Transformer (VT) may•be .either of the electro-magnetic type or the capaciior type. The electro-magnetic type VTs are more costly than the capacitor type and are commonly used where higher accuracy is required as in the case of revenue metering. Capacitor type is preferred particularly at high voltages due to lower cost and it serves the purpose of a coupling capacitor also for the carrier equipment. For ground fault relaying, an additional core or a winding is required in the VTs which can be connected in open delta. The voltage transformers are connected on the feeder side of the circuit breaker. However, another set of voltage transformer is normally required on the bus-bars for synchronisation.

2.5.4 The tank of the instrument transformers may preferably be galvanized as this would require least millntenance. .

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2.6 Compact Air-Insulated Substation (CAIS) I Intelligent Air-Insulated Substation (IAIS)

2.6.1 Compact Air-Insulated Substation (CAIS) I Intelligent Air-Insulated Substation (IAIS) based on modular concept has been developed by various manufacturers offering advantages in compactness, easy in installation, lower maintenance requirement etc. A single module can include breaker, disconnecter, DOIT (Digital Optical Instrument Transformer- current and voltage transformer, i.e., DOCT, DOVT) for metering and protection, surge arrester, and earthing switch. In some modules, with a trolley mounted Circuit Breaker (CB), i.e., drawout type, disconnecter function is achieved by the movement of the complete breaker unit. Composite modules are pre-manufactured, pre-tested and then integrated to replace the functions of number of conventional compommts. In a compact design, all primary and secondary functions required for a line or transformer bay in one pre-manufactured and pre­tested switching module (for all voltage levels) can be integrated. The concept also allows to build, upgrade or extend substation more efficiently.

2.6.2 Hybrid type switchgear could also be considered for reducing space and ·trom reliability consideration

2.7 TRANSFORMERS

2.7.1 Transformer is the largest piece of equipment in a substation and it is, therefore, important from the point of view of station layout. For instance, on account of large dimensions, it is generally not possible to accommodate two transformers in adjacent bays. One of the problems is the installation of radiators, which makes the width of the transformer much more than bay width. In order to reduce the risk of spread of fire, large transformers are provided with stone pebble filled soaking pits and oil collecting pit. In addition to above provision, separation walls are provided in­between the transformers and also between the transformer and the control room building, if required road-cum-rail tracks is also provided for movement of transformer. Relevant, sections of CBIP Manual on Transformers may be referred to in this context.

2.7.2 One of the important factors governing the layout of the substation is whether the transformer is a three-phase unit or a bank of 3 single-phase transformers. The space requirements with single - phase banks are much larger than those with three-phase transformers. Besides, in the case of single-phase banks, it is usual to provide one spare single-phase transformer, and used in case of a fault or maintenance of one of the single phase units. The spare unit may be permanently installed in the switchyard ready to replace the unit, which is out of service.

2.8 REACTIVE COMPENSATION EQUIPMENT

2.8.1 -Reactive compensation may be of switched or non-switched type as indicated by system studies of the network in which the substations are located.

·· ········ ················ - -- .. --···-· ·· - .

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The non-switched type compensation usually comprises shunt reactors permanently connected to transmission line or to bus bars at the substations as per the requirements. Next to the transformer, shunt reactors constitute large pieces of equipment. These also can be in the form of single-phase units or three phase units. Often another reactor called neutral grounding reactor, which is connected between the neutral bushing of the line shunt reactor and earth, is provided to facilitate single pole auto-reclosing. However in case of bus reactor neutral is solidly grounded. Since these equipment also contain oil, the provisions valid for transformers apply to shunt reactors too. .

The switched compensation can comprise switched reactors, switched capacitors or thyristor controlled reactors and thyristor switched capacitors known as Static Var Compensations (SVC). These are selected according to the system requirements and connected directly to their own discrete transformers.

2.8.2 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology is an evolving technology based solution for enhancing the power transmission capability of existing transmission system. FACTS is defined as "Alternating Current Transmission systems incorporating power electronics based and other static controllers to ~nhance controllability and increase power transfer capability." Thus, FACTS increases the flexibility of power systems, make them more controllable and allow

. increased utilization of existing network closer to its thermal loading capacity without jeopardizing the stability. FACTS technology can boost power transfer capability in stability limited system by about 20 to 30%. By the process not only capacity is increased but also design and installation cost is saved. Several types of FACTS controller I devices e.g. Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Static Compensator (STATCOM), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Inter-line Power Flow Controller (IPFC) etc. can be adopted to achieve the goal.

2.8.2.1 Static Var Systems

The following are the basic types of reactive power control elements, which make up all or part of any Static VAR system :

• Saturated Reactor (SR)

• Controlled Shunt Reactor (CSR)

• Thyristor-switched Capacitor (TSC)

• Thyristor-switched Reactor (TSR)

Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) are shunt connected static reactive power generators and/or absorbers whose output are varied so as to control specific parameters of the electric power systems.

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2.8.3 Series Compensation

Series capacitors are connected in series with the line conductors to compensate for the inductive reactance of the line. They reduce the transfer reactance between the buses of which the line is connected, increase maximum power that can be transmitted and reduce the effective reactive power losses. The series compensation can be variable type with control by Thyristor (also called as Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation - TCSC). Depending upon system requirement, a line can be compensated with fixed series compensation or fixed series compensation and TCSC. ·

2.8.4 The substation lay out should be such as can accommodate the required compensation equipments. Many-a-time only some of these may be required in the initial stage and may undergo alteration as the system develops. Typical layout space requirement series compensation equipment is given in Chapter-7.

2.9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION

2.9.1 A substation has to be shielded against direct lightning strokes either by provision of overhead shield wire/earthwire or spikes (masts). The methodology followed for systems upto 145 kV is by suitable placement of earthwires/masts so as to provide coverage to the entire station equipment. Generally, an angle of shield of 60° for zones covered by two or more wires/masts and 45° for single wire/mast is considered adequate. For 245 kV installations and above, normally use of electromagnetic methods is resorted to. The most used method for determining shielded zones are the Mousa Method and Razevig Method. The detailed design of shielding system is outside the sc;;ope of this publication.

2.9.2 Besides direct strokes, the substation equipment has also to be protected against travelling waves due to lightning strokes on the lines entering the substation.

The apparatus most commonly used for this purpose is the Surge arrester.

Advances in material technology has resulted in the development of metal 9xide gapless type surge arrestors, which are being most widely used because of better protection level, higher energy handling I discharge capability and low power loss under normal operating conditions.

The most important and costly equipment in a substation is the transformer and the normal practice is to install Surge arresters as near the transformer as far as possible. The fixing up of insulation level for various equipments within a substation requires a detailed study of insulation coordination with lightning arrester as the focal point for providing protection to the equipment from power frequency over-voltage exceeding the rating of the arrester. In the EHV range, there is also the problem of switching over-voltages and the life of the arrester may be considerably reduced due to frequent operations because of such overvoltages. Sometimes it is not possible to

.. .. . .... -. . ... -..... ·-. .. . . . . .. .. ... . . . . . . " . . .. . . ..

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locate the lightning arrester very near the transformer. However, there is no problem so long as the transformer is within the protective distance from the Surge arrester. Besides protecting the transformers, the lightning arresters also provide protection to the equipment on the bus side located within certain distance. In the case of very large substations where the Surge arrester for the transformer does not provide adequate protection to the other equipment, additional Surge arresters either on the bus or on various lines have to be provided. For determination of number of Surge arresters and their locations, each case has to be studied taking the size and importance of the substation, isoceraunic level, anticipated overvoltages etc. into consideration.

2.10 INSULATORS

2.10.1 Provision of adequate insulation in a substation is of primary importance from the point of view of reliability of supply and safety of personnel. However, the station design should be so evolved that the quantity of insulators required is minimum commensurate with the expected security of supply. An important consideration in determining the insulation in a substation, particularly if it is located near sea or a thermal power generating station or an industrial plant is the level of pollution. As a first step to combat this problem, special insulators with higher creepage distance should be used. In case this does not suffice, washing the insulators by using live line equipment has to be resorted to and this aspect has to be kept in mind while deciding the layout of the substation. Another method, which has proved to be successful in other countries, involves the application of suitable type of greases or Room Temperature Vulcanization (RTV) compounds on the

· surface of the insulators. This, however, also requires cleaning of insulation, the frequency depending upon the degree and the type of pollution.

2.10.2 The creepage distances for the different pollution levels are provided according to Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 : Creepage Distance for Different Pollution Levels

Pollution level Creepage distance (mm/kV of hiahest svstem voltaae)

Lioht 16 Medium 20 Heaw 25 Very heaw 31

For determining the creepage distance requirement, the highest line-to-line voltage of the system forms the basis.

2.10.3 The following types of insulators are normally used:

(A) Bus Support Insulators

(i) Cap and Pin type

I

(ii) Solidcore type

(iii) Polycone type

(B) Strain Insulators

(i) Disc insulators

(ii) Long rod porcelain insulators

(iii) Polymer insulators

2.1 1 STRUCTURES

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2.11.1 The cost of structures also is a major consideration while deciding the layout of a substation. For instance, in the case of the strain I flexible bus-bar arrangement, cost of structures is much higher than in the case of rigid bus type. Similarly the form of structures also plays an important part and the choice is usually between using a few heavy structures or a large number of smaller structures. While finalizing the design, size, and single line diagram of structures, safety clearance requirements should be ensured.

2.11.2 Steel is the most commonly used material in India for substation structures. Normally the steel structures are hot-dip galvanised so as to protect them against corrosion. However, galvanising sometimes has not proved effective, particularly in substations located in coastal or industrial areas and in such cases painting also becomes essential. In other countries special paints have been developed which are applied within the shop and these paints have proved quite effective.

2.12 POWER LINE CARRIER EQUIPMENT

2.12.1 The carrier equipment required for communication, relaying and telemetering is connected to line through high frequency cable, coupling capacitor and wave trap. The wave trap is installed at the line entrance. The coupling capacitors are installed on the line side of the wave trap and are normally base mounted. The wave traps for voltage levels upto 145 kV can be mounted on the gantry structure on which the line is terminated at the substation or mounted on top of the capacitor voltage transformer. However, the wave traps for voltage levels of 245 kV and above generally require separate supporting insulator stacks mounted on structures of appropriate heights.

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Chapter 3

SUBSTATION AUXILIARY FACILITIES

3.1 Besides the main equipment discussed in Chapter 2 a number of auxiliary facilities such as earthing, cabling, oil handling system, illumination system, fire fighting, crane and other unloading facilities, oil filtration, AC/DC auxiliary system etc., have to be provided within a substation. These requirements have been briefly discussed in this chapter to the extent these relate to the substation layout.

3.2 EARTHING

·3.2.1 Provision of adequate earthing system in a substation is extremely important for safety of the operating personnel as well as for proper system operation and performance of the protection devices. The primary requirement of a good earthing system in a substation are:

(a) The impedance to ground should be as low as possible. In general it should not exceed 1 ohm for substations with high fault levels (EHV substation) and 5 ohms for substations with low fault levels (Distribution substation).

(b) The step and touch potentials should be within safe limits.

3.2.2 To meet these requirements, an earthing system comprising an earthing mat buried at a suitable depth below ground, supplemented with ground rods at suitable points is provided in the substations. All the non-current carrying metal parts of the equipment in the substation are connected to the earthing mat so as to ensure that under fault conditions, none of these parts is at a potential higher than that of the earthing mat. Under normal condition, the ground rods make little contribution in lowering the earth resistance. These are, however, helpful in maintaining low value of resistance under all weather conditions which is particularly important for installations with high system earth fault currents.

3.2.3 All substations should have provision for earthing the following:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d}

The neutral points of equipment in each separate system. There should be independent earth for the different systems. Each of these earthed points should be interconnected with the station earthing mat by two different diagonally opposite connectors to avoid common mode failure.

Equipment framework and other non-current carrying metal parts.

All extraneous metal frameworks not associated with equipment.

Lightning arresters: These should h'!ve independent earthing which should in turn be connected to the station grounding grid or earthmat.

'•

.. ... " ··-· .. .. -·· . ·- .. -·· .. - - .. .. .. .. ... .. .

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3.2.4 The earthing of substation fence has to be considered from the viewpoint of touch and step potentials in the peripheral area outside the fence. Normally the earth mat has to be extended by 1 m to 1.5m beyond the fence so as to ensure that the area in the vicinity of the substation fence is safe.

Where the fenced area is large and mat area is small, in that case fence earthing should be isolated from the main earth mat so that person touching the fence is protected from danger due to transfer voltage.

3.2.5 Earthing in a substation must conform to the requirements of the Indian Electricity Rules and the provisions of the relevant sections of latest IS: 3043 and IEEE Std - 80. The earthing system should be designed to have low overall impedance, and a current carrying capacity consistent with the fault current magnitude. The major parameters which influence design of earth mat are:

(a) Magnitude of fault current:

(b) Duration of fau lt:

(c) Soil resistivity:

(d) Resistivity of surface material:

(e) Shock duration:

{f) Material of earth conductor, and

(g) Earth mat grid geometry

3.2.6 Bare stranded copper conductor or copper strip used to find extensive application in the construction of earth mat in the past. However, on account of high cost of copper and the need to economise in the use of copper, current practice in the country is based on the use of steel conductor for earth mat.

In view of fast deterioration of GI pipe electrode, cast iron pipe electrode is preferred for earthing. The minimum distance between the electrodes shall be twice the length of electrode.

3.2.7 Design Procedure

For detailed design of earth mat reference may be made to the latest edition of IEEE-80, CBIP Technical Report No. 5 on 'Steel Grounding Systems where Grounding Mat is not needed' and CBIP Publication No. 223.

3.3 CABLING

3.3.1 Trenches and cable ducts are normally laid for cable runs. In very large substations, particularly those associated with power plants, tunnels have also been

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used. Except where cables enter and take off from trench, directly buried cables are generally avoided to facilitate locating faults and rapidly restoring the supply.

3.3.2 The substation area should be properly graded so that the rainwater is drained away form the cables trenches. For draining off any water that may enter the trenches, these should be sloped in their run to drain freely and necessary arrangements made to remove the accumulated water as and when required. Cable trenches should be provided with strong and effective covers. Cables should not be laid directly in the trench floor. A typical cable trench is shown in Fig. 1. At points of entry into indoor areas, termination chambers etc., waterproof and fireproof sealing arrangements should be made. Cable trenches should not run through oil rooms.

3.3.3 Conduits should have the minimum number of bends in their run. Pull boxes to facilitate cable pulling should be provided at suitable locations. Conduits should be sloped and drained at low points. Care must be exercised to se·e that water does not accumulate within the conduits or drain into the equipment at the end.

3.3.4 In indoor areas, cable may be laid in racks supported on walls, ceiling or floor, floor trenches or clamped to walls or ceiling. Wherever a large number of cables are involved and conditions so permit, a system of racks is preferable as it gives quick access. Particular care should be taken in substation design to permit easy entry of cable in to switchgear with convenience of handling even afterwards.

3.3.5 Cable laying should be done in accordance with systematically prepared cable schedules. In major substation thousands of separate cables will be involved and quick tracing of defects will depend very much on the orderliness exercised while laying. All cable ends should be suitably labeled to facilitate easy identification.

3.3.6 Power cables and control cables should be segregated by running in separate trenches or on separate racks so that in the event of a fire, the control cables are not affected. Segregation of AC and DC control cables to the extent possible is also useful. Separate cables should be used for each CT and PT. In the case of 400 kV substations and substations having numerical/digital relays, shielded cables should be used for CT and PT circuits and armoured cables for other circuits. These should not be included in the cores of other multicore control cables. While arranging cable runs it should be kept in mind that the arrangement should be such that a fire at any point will not lead to complete shutdown of the whole substation for a long time. Flexible conduits should be used at terminal connections to motors, pumps, etc. The main trenches should be formed such that heavy current carrying conductors do not run parallel to the control cables.

The cable ducts should be laid away from lightning arresters to minimize the effect of high discharge current flow.

- .... -·· .... .. ..... .. . . .. .. - .. .... ...... .

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In main trenches a heavy current carrying conductor should not be run parallel to control cables. This conductor should be clamped at suitable intervals to the support angles earthed to rod electrodes at every 20/25-meter intervals. This shield conductor drain all induced current and minimizes induction of high voltage in the control cables.

Power cables are placed in the top rack. Lower racks contain control cables. If unarmoured cables are used these should find place in the bottom most rack.

3.3.7 XLPE/PVC insulated cables conforming to the Indian Standards listed in Appendix 1.1 in Chapter 1 should be used up to 11 kV.

3.3.8 Multicore control cables should also be PVC I XLPE insulated and colour coded. Adequate number of spare cores should be included in all control cables. Wherever fiber optic cable are used they should be armoured type.

3.3.9 Wherever insulated cables are used reference should be made to latest IS: 1554 and IS: 694. Earthing of cables sheaths, provision of earth continuity conductors etc., should be as per latest IS: 1255. "Code of Practice for Installation and Maintenance.of Paper Insulated Cables" (upto and including 33 kV) and latest IS: 3043 Code of Practice on Earthing.

3.3.10 Wherever·application demands, FRLS cables and fittings should be used. For mechanical protection, armoured cables are used in case these are laid on ladder type trays. For 400 kV switchyards, irrespective of the type of cable trays, armoured cable should be used. Armoured cables can be buried directly. However the unarmoured cables can be laid in conduits.

3.4 OIL HANDLING SYSTEM

3.4.1 The oil handling system is required for treatment of insulating oil in transformers, reactors etc. Details regarding handling and treatment of oil are given in latest IS: 1866 - "Code of Practice for Maintenance and Supervision of Insulating Oils in service.

3.4.2 Oil may be stored in clean drums. The drums should be stored horizontally with caps below oil level. It should be tested periodically for dielectric strength and kept in good condition.

3.4.3 Portable oil filtration set of adequate capacity mounted on trucks may be provided to cater to the requirements of group of substations. A typical layout of oil handling system for a centrally located or a large substation is shown in Fig. 2 .

....

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3.5 ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

3.5.1 Good· Gghting in a substation is necessary to facilitate normal operation and maintenance· activities and at the same time to ensure safety of the working personnel. As per latest IS: 3646 (Pt. II) "Schedule for values of illumination and Glare Index" recommends values of intensity of illumination. Table 3.1 contains the recommended values for different parts of substations.

Table 3.1 : Recommended llluminator Values

SI. No. Particulars Average illumination Limiting Glare level 'Lux' Index

1. Control rooms: Vertical control panels 200 to 300 19 Rear of conlrol panels 150 19 Control desks 300 19 Switch houses 150 25

2. Batterv room 100 . 3. Carrier room 300 .

4. Offices and receotion 300 19 5. Cloak rooms 100 -6. Workshon!Reoair bav 300 25

7. Test room 450 19

8. Outdoor switchvard 20 . 9. Stairs 100 -10 Corridors 70 16 11 Annroach roads 20 -12 Pathways 20 -13 Car oarks 20 -14 Conference room 300 19 15 Store room 100 -16 Cable aallerv/floor 70 -17 AC plant/DG set room 150 -

Out door switchyard average illumination level shall be 50 tux on main equipment and 20 tux on balance area of switchyard. In the out door switchyard, the area covered by transformer/reactor should have 50 lux.

3.5.2 The lighting system of a particular area whether outdoor or indoor should be designed in such a way that uniform illumination is achieved. As far as possible any dark spots should be avoided. This requires careful placing of the luminaries, selection of proper mounting heights and provision of sockets in the marshalling kiosks and mechanism boxes of circuit breakers/disconnect switches for providing supplementary lighting wherever required. In outdoor switchyards, only the equipment/bus bar areas are illuminated. In outdoor area, luminaries should be directed as far as possible towards transformers, circuit breakers/disconnect switches, their mechanism boxes etc., where some operations may be necessary during emergency at night

.,

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3.5.3 There are several classifications of the types of lighting such as direct, indirect, semi-indirect, diffusion, etc., The types of lighting or the combinations should be so chosen as would provide adequate level of glare-free illumination without creating undesirable shadows.

3.5.4 Direct lighting system is the most commonly used and it employs open dispersive reflectors, silver glass reflectors and angle reflectors. The simplest form of general diffusion fitting is the plain sphere of opal glass. The spherical form may be modified and any form, which the designer can think of may be used. The efficiency of the general diffusion fitting depends partly on shape but much more on the properties of the diffusing material used.

3.5.5 The typical indirect fitting is and opaque bowl with lamp suspended in it at such a depth that all the direct light from the lamp as well as form the bowl is emitted in the upper hemisphere. The semi direct fittings lie in between the indirect and the general diffusion fittings.

3.5.6 Flood light fittings are in essence, projectors with parabolic reflectors. There are two types of floodlights: the wide beam type and the narrow beam type. Wide beam type is suitable where accurate control is not necessary and the light is projected only over a short distance. The narrow beam type is used where light is required to be projected over longer distances.

3.5.7 The choice of lamps, i.e., incandescent, fluorescent, mercury vapour, sodium vapour halogen etc., depends mainly on the nature of work, the number of hour of utilization annually, the cost of energy and the power available for illumination. Table 3.2 gives different types of lamps and fittings that may be used in different area of a substation.

3.5.8 The foremost criterion in the design of illumination system of indoor area such as control room, workshop, repair bay, offices, etc., is that illumination at the working height throughout the area should be as uniform as possible so as to avoid eye fatigue. In practice, complete uniformity of illumination is difficult to achieve and a ratio of the minimum intensity to the maximum equal to about 70 percent is usually considered acceptable. ·

3.5.9 Energy conservation requirement has to be kept in view while selecting type of lamp and type of fitting. While designing the lux level requirement Utilization co­efficient factor. may be considered to take care effect of dust, pollution etc. on reflectors used in the lighting fixtures.

The night time lighting of exterior areas is necessitated by operational requirement, security or decorative purposes or a combination of these. It is used for illuminating outdoor switchyards transformer yards, approach roads to substations, etc., Use of flood lights has been in practice for illumination of switchyards. However, floor lights generally cause glare, if not properly positioned and mounted at proper heights. As the lumen output of mercury/sodium vapour lamps is quite appreciable as compared

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to incandescent lamps, flood light units having mercury/sodium vapour lamps with medium and wide angle coverage, mounted at suitable heights are preferred. If the floor light is mounted at a height of 6 to 1 Om it would be away from the normal vision angle (8°) of a man approaching it and therefore, there would be no problem of glare. If the design of the flood lighting is followed in an orderly fashion, it is easy to obtain uniform illumination in the outdoor switchyard. The spillover light from flood lights provided in the switchyard is generally sufficient for fence lighting. Separate fence lighting is provided only in exceptional cases. Light fittings in the switchyards are mounted on substation structure/lighting masts. Typical lamps and fittings generally provided in some identified areas are given in Table 3.2

Table 3.2 : Typical Lamps & Fittings in Some Identified Areas

SI. No. Particulars of area Tvne of lamas Tvoe of fittinas 1. Unloadino-cum-reoair bav Mercurv vanour sodium Hiah bav 2. Store rooms, workshoos Fluorescent Industrial 3. Control room, offices carrier Fluorescent Decorative

room 4. Batterv room Fluorescent Acid oroof, Industrial 5. Comoressor room etc., Fluorescent Industrial 6. External lighting on building Mercury vapour sodium Water tight flood light

vaoour 7. Outdoor switchyard Mercury vapour sodium Water tight flood light

v~nour

8. Fence lighting Mercury vapour sodium Post type water tight, vanour flood linht

9. Roads Mercury vapour sodium Post type water tight vaoour street liaht fittinas

3.5.10 The purpose of street lighting in substations is to promote safety and convenience on the approach roads, service roads and side walls inside switchyard, etc., The aim should be to provide conditions of visibility adequate for accurate, · certain and comfortable seeing.

3.5.11 Emergency lighting is called for in case of AC supply failure in substations. In indoor installations such as a control room, switchgear rooms, etc., DC lamps connected to the DC supply system should be provided at suitable locations. These are brought into service in case of AC supply failure. These are normally wired through automatic changeover contactor at the DC distribution board. In workshops/ repair shops and machine hall, where mercury/sodium vapour lamps are employed, provision should be made for one incandescent lamp fitting of suitable power for a group of 4 to 6 mercury/sodium vapour lamps. This would avoid an extended total blackout in the event of a voltage dip or momentary interruption of AC supply, as the discharge lamps take a few minutes to give full light output again.

3.6 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM

3.6.1 Compressed aif system in substation may be required for the operation of air blast circuit breaker and pneumatically operated circuit breakers and disconnect

. -- ·-· ..... . ... , . -·· .. . .. . ,.... . . ... .. --- .

24

switches. A reliable source of supply of compressed air is very essential for successful operation of the equipment.

3.6.2 Compressed air requirement of a substation can be met by either a central compressor system or a unit compressor receiver system.

3.6.2.1 Central Compressor System

3.6.2.1.1 This arrangement is generally provided in substation, where the number of circuit breakers to be served is large. The central compressor normally works at a high pressure and through reducing valves, the pressure is reduced at local receiver of each circuit breaker to a working level. The values of high or low pressure vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.

However, generally the rated pressure of the central air receiver is kept about twice the rated pressure for breaker operation. The advantages of choosing higher pressure for the central receiver are:

(i) Ensured availability of working pressure in the circuit breaker received immediately after one specified duty operation.

(ii) Elimination of moisture in the compressed air, as expansion takes place from high pressure in the central receiver to working pressure in the circuit breaker receiver.

(iii) Reduction in storage volume.

3.6.2.1.2 The central compressor system should comprise at least two compressors, each capable of charging the central air receiver to its rated pressure within prescribed time. The capacity of the local receiver should be adequate for the breaker to perform one standard duty cycle. The capacity of the air receiver should be adequate for the total number of breakers likely to perform one standard duty cycle simultaneously. The capacity of the air compressor should be adequate so that the time required for the first charging or charging under normal running conditions or charging after one standard duty cycle whichever is more critical, does not exceed the specified limits.

3.6.2.2 Unit Compressor Receiver System

3.6.2.2.1 This system may be provided in the substations, where the number of circuit breakers to be served is small. In this arrangement, each circuit breaker shall have its own compressor and receiver. A single compressor is used but a connector is provided to allow a portable compressor to be coupled for maintenance purposes or in emergency. In such an arrangement, the storage capacity of the local receiver should be sufficient for two or three operations without recharging. The usual

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practice is that the time to restore 95 percent pressure following a break operation is 3-5 minutes or even less.

3.6.3 Compressed air always contains moisture to some extent which must be eliminated so as to ensure the safety of operation.

3.6.4 The pipe from the air supply system to the circuit breaker should be normally of ring main or double bus type to ensure continuity of supply. Formerly, solid drawn copper piping was used for compressed air but, in view of the acute shortage of copper, it is not economical to use copper piping. Instead black steel or galvanized iron piping may be used. Screwed malleable iron fittings should be used for low pressure (7atm. and lower). Where high pressures are encountered, flanged forged black steel fittings may be used.

3.6.5 A typical central compre~sor arrangement for a substation using air blast circuit breakers is shown in Fig. 3.

3.7 CRANE FACILITIES

3.7.1 Large substation sometimes has the facilities of repair bay along with a crane of adequate capacity for handling the heaviest equipment which is usually the transformer. In view of heavy cost and infrequent use, however, this facility is not provided in all substations. In the case of substations near the generating stations, the service bay and crane facilities normally available at the generating station are utilized. In the case of substations, which are not near a generating stations, crane and service bay facilities may be provided at one centrally located substation to serve a group of nearby substations connected by road or rail.

3.7.2 Provision of a rail track should be made for movement of transformer from switchyard to the repair bay. Point for jacking pad should be provided at the transformer foundation, to facilitate 90° turn on the rail track for changing the direction of wheels.

3.8 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES

3.8.1 In view of a large number of oil-filled equipments in a substation, it is very important that proper attention is given to isolation, limitation and extinguishing of fire so as to avoid damage to costly equipment, reduce chances of serious dislocation of power supply and ensure safety of personnel. The first step in this direction is inherent in the design and layout of the substation itself, which should be such that if fire occurs in any equipment it should be limited and isolated so. that it does not spread to other equipments. For this purpose the following are the general guidelines:

········ ·· .. ..... ··· ·-· ..

26

(i) The spacing of the equipment should be considered. Extra space is not usually provided for fire isolation, but the space available is taken into account in deciding other isolation measures.

(ii) Fire isolation walls should · be provided between large oil -filled equipments such as two or more transformers placed adjacent to each other. These should be of adequate strength and of such size that the adjacent equipment is reasonably safe from fire risk due to burning oil flying from the equipment on fire.

(iii) In indoor areas automatic fireproof doors should be provided for rooms which house major oil-filled equipment. The rooms should also be constructed with a view to isolating the fire.

(iv) Soak pits or drain pits should be provided below large oil-filled equipment to drain off the burning oil falling below the equipment.

(v) Minor items of oil-filled equipment should be placed in beds of gravel or pebbles which wfll quench and prevent the spread of burning oil.

(vi) Care should be exercised that any prospective fire can be easily approached for quenching. In closed spaces and buildings attention should also be given to evacuation of personnel (Refer IS: 1646).

(vii) All oil pipes and cable trenches should be sectionalised by means of cross walls. ·

3.8.2 A well coordfnated system of fire protection should be provided to cover all areas of the substation and all types of likely fires. The details of fire protection have to be worked out on the basis of size, type and location of the substation, accessibility and degree of attendance. Care should be taken that any fire can be fought from more than one source and dependence is not placed on single equipment for this purpose:

3.8.3 The subject of fire safety involving electrical equipment is exhaustively covered in latest IS: 1646, IS: 3034 and CBIP Manual on Transformer.

3.8.4 Fire Fighting System

3.8.4.1 All substations should be equipped with fire fighting systems conforming to the requirements given in latest IS:1646 and Fire Protection Manual Part-I issued by Tariff Advisory Committee of Insurance Companies.

3.8.4.2 Trailer pumps where provided should draw their water supply from ground tanks of suitable sizes, the location and distribution of which shall be such that no item to be protected is more than about 90m away from any ground tank.

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3.8.4.3 The more valuable equipment or areas forming concentrated fire risk should be covered by special fire protective systems. In this class are:

(a) Transformers, both indoor and outdoor:

(b) Oil-filled reactors:

(c) Oil-filled switchgear:

(d) Oil tanks and oil pumps:

(e) Oil, grease and paint stores: and

(f) Synchronous condensers.

3.8.4.4 Although the substitution of bulk-oil and minimum oil circuit breakers by SF6 gas circuit breakers has reduced the risk of fires in electrical installations, considerable risk still exists on account of transformers, reactors, cables etc., ·which contain combustible insulating materials. Fires in live electrical equipment, motors, machinery etc. ·fall in class C according to the Tariff Advisory Committee Classification of Fires. It is necessary to provide efficient Fire Protection Systems in the Electrical li;istallations. Fire Protection System consists of the following:

(i) Fire Prevention

(ii) Fire Detection and annunciation

(iii) Fire Extinguishing.

3.8.5 Fire Prevention

3.8.5.1 Fire prevention is of utmost importance and should be given its due if risk of occurrence of fires has to be eliminated/minimized. The safety and preventive measures applicable for substations as recommended by the relevant authorities must be strictly followed while planning the substations.

3.8.5.2 All fire fighting equipment and systems should be properly maintained. Regular mock drills should be conducted and substation staff made aware of importance of fire prevention and imparted training in proper use of the fire fighting equipment provided in various parts of the substation, control room building etc.

3.8.6 Fire Detection and Annunciation

3.8.6.1 Fire detection if carried out at the incipient stage can help in timely containment and extinguishing of fire speedily. Detection can either be done visually by the personnel present in vicinity of the site of occurrence or automatically with the use of detectors operating on the principles of fixed temperature, resistance variation, differential thermal expansion, rate of rise of temperature, presence of smoke, gas, flame etc. Fire detectors of the following types are usually used:

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(i) Ionisation type

(ii) Smoke type

(iii) Photoelectric type

(iv) Bimetal type

(v) Linear heat detection type

3.8.6.2 Ionisation ·type detectors are used more commonly. However in areas like cable vaults, Ionisation smoke and linear heat detection type detectors are used. Smoke type detector is effective for invisible smoke, and photoelectric type for visible smoke. Smoke type detectors incorporate LEDs, which start glowing in the event of fire.

3.8.6.3 Detectors are located at strategic positions and arranged in zones to facilitate proper indication of fire location, transmission of Audio-visual signals to Fire control panels and actuation of the appropriate Fire Fighting Systems. In the rooms with false ceilings, these are provided above the ceiling as well as below it. For the detectors located above the false ceilings, remote response indicators should also be provided.

3.8.6.4 Detectors are provided at the rate Qf one for a maximum area of 80 m2 in the zones to be covered by the Fire Protection System

3.8.7 Fire Extinguishing

3.8.7.1 The Fire Extinguishing Systems used for fire protection of the various equipments/building in substations are the following:

(i) Hydrant system.

(ii) High velocity water spray system.

(iii) Portable fire extinguishers.

(iv) Nitrogen injection fire prevention method for transformer only

These are described below briefly.

3.8.8 Hydrant System

3.8.8.1 Hydrant System is installed for the protection of the following areas from fire:

(i) Control room building

(ii) LT. transformer area

(ii i) Diesel generator set building

... ·- --····· .... - ···••"" ·----

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(iv) Fire water pump house

(v) Suitable location in the switchyard.

3.8.8.2 Hydrants are the backbone of Fire Fighting System as these can help fighting fires of all intensities in all classes of fires and continue to be in service even if the affected buildings/structures have collapsed. These keep the adjoining properties/buildings cool and thereby save them from the serious effects of fire and minimize the risk of explosions.

3.8.8.3 The Hydrant System is supplied water from Fire Water Pump House. Fire Water Pump House is located by the side of Fire Water Storage Tanks constructed within the substation boundary limits. These tanks are made of RCC above ground such that these are easily accessible. Water from these tanks is pumped into the Fire Hydrant System with horizontal centrifugal pumps.

3.8.8.4 The Hydrant System essentially consists of a network of pipes, laid both above ground and underground, which feed water under pressure to a number of hydrant valves located at strategic locations throughout the substation. Pressure in the piping is maintained with the help of hydro-pneumatic tanks and jockey pumps. Jockey pumps compensate for minor leakages also. The hydro-pneumatic tanks are pressurized with compressed air supplied by two air-compressors of which one is working at a time and other acts as standby.

Adjacent to the Hydrants, hosepipes, branch pipes and nozzles are kept in Hose Boxes. In case of fire, the hoses with nozzles are coupled to the respective hydrants and water jet is directed towards the seat of fire.

3.8.8.5 On drop of pressure in the piping network below a preset value, the Hydrant Pump starts automatically and continues to run till it is stopped manually after fire has been extinguished.

3.8.8.6 The quantity of water to be available for fire protection and the number of fire water pumps depend on the total number of hydrants which are provided as per guidelines of Tariff Advisory Committee Manual, according to which substations fall in "Light Fire Hazard" category. The parameters of Fire Water Pumps as per TAC guidelines are given below.

(a) For the total number of hydrants upto twenty, one no pump of 96 m3/hr capacity with a pressure of 5.6 kg/cm2 (gauge)

(b)

(c)

For the total number of hydrants exceeding twenty u~to fifty five, one no. pump of 137 m3/hr capacity with a pressure of 7.0 kg/cm (gauge) .

For the total number of hydrants exceeding fi~ five, upto hundred, one no. pump of 171 m3/hr with a pressure of 7.0 kg/cm (gauge)

..... . ... . .. ······ .. .

••

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3.8.8.7 As per TAC guidelines, the jockey pump should have a capacity of 10.8 m3/hr. and the hydro-pneumatic tank should have a capacity of 18 m3

. The effective capacity of the Fire Water Tank should be not less than one hour of aggregate pumping capacity, with a minimum of 135 m3

.

3.8.8.8 All components of the Hydrant System such as piping, valves, fittings, hoses, branch pipes, nozzles etc. should be of approved make acceptable to TAC.

3.8.9 High Velocity Water (HVW) Spray System

3.8.9.1 This type of Fire Protection System is provided for the following types of equipment:

(i) Power Transformer, both auto and multi-winding

(ii) Shunt Reactors

This system is designed on the assumption that one reactor/transformer is on fire at a time. For this assumption, the largest piece of equipment forms the basis.

3.8.9.2 High Velocity Water Spray System consists of a network of projectors arranged around the equipment to be protected. Water under pressure is directed into the projector network through a deluge valve from a piping network exclusively laid for the Spray System. Water leaves the projectors in the form of conical spray of water droplets travelling at high velocity.

3.8.9.3 The high velocity droplets bombard the surface of oil and form an emulsion of oil and water which does not support combustion. This emulsion converts a flammable liquid into a non-inflammable one. However, this emulsion is not of a stable character and therefore shortly after the water is shut off, oil starts to separate out from water which can be drained away, leaving the oil behind unimpaired.

3.8.9.4 The rate of burning of a flammable liquid depends upon the rate at which it vaporizes and the supply of oxygen to support combustion. It is the maximum when the rate of burning of the flammable liquid is the maximum and the surface of the liquid is near boiling point. The .Qigh velocity water spray system while forming an emulsion, intersperses cold water.with the liquid, cools it and Jowers down the rate of vapourisation which prevents further escape of flammable vapours. During passage of water droplets through flames, some,._ of the water gets converted into steam, which dilutes oxygen in the air supporting the fire and creates a smoothering effect, which aids in extinguishing the fire.

3.8.9.5 An automatic deluge valve triggered by a separate system of quartzoid bulb detector heads mounted on a pipe work array charged with water, at HVW spray mains pressure, initiates the HVW Spray System operation. When a fire causes one or more of the quartzoid bulbs to operate, pressure in the detector pipe work falls

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and this allows the deluge valve to open thereby permitting water to flow to all the projectors in the open pipe array covering the risk.

3.8.9.6 Water Supply to HVW Spray System

(a) Two pumps are provided for HVW Spray System. Of these, one is electric motor driven and the other diesel engine driven. The capacity and head of the pumps is selected to protect the biggest risk. It has been experienced that each pump having a capacity of 410 m3/hr is usually adequate for the biggest risk in substations.

(b} These pumps are located in Fire Water Pump House. Suitable connection with the Hydrant System is provided so as to allow flow of water from Hydrant System to HVW Spray System but not in the reverse direction.

(c) Standby diesel engine driven pump is a common standby facility for HVW spray as well as Hydrant System.

(d) These pumps are automatically started through pressure switches located sequentially in headers. However, stopping of the pumps is done manually after the fire gets extinguished.

(e) The values of pressure of running water and discharge density given below are recommended for HVW Spray System :

(i) Minimum pressure of running at any projector at any instance.

(ii) Maximum pressure of running water at any projector at any instance

(iii) Discharge density on gro~nd surface

(iv) Discharge density on other surface

3.8.10 Water Supplies

=

=

=

=

3.5 Bar

5.0 Bar

6.1 lpm/m2

Not less than 10.2 1pm/rn2

3.8.10.1 Water for fire fighting purposes should be supplied from the water storage tanks meant exclusively for the purpose. The aggregate storage capacity of these tan.ks should be equal to the sum of the following:

(i) One-hour pumping capacity of Hydrant System or 135 m3 which over is more.

(ii) Half-an-hour water requirement for single largest risk covered by HVW Spray System.

. .. .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . .... - ··· ······ .. ..

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The water storage tank made of RCC construction over ground should be in two parts.

3.8.10.2 Fire Water pumps located in the Fire Water Pump House should have pumping head suitable to cover the facilities for future stages also. The piping system should be designed to permit extensions without disruption in the existing system. The material of piping is mild steel as per IS: 1239/IS: 3589 medium grade. The piping laid underground is coated and wrapped against corrosion as per IS: 10221 and the piping laid over ground consists of galvanised mild steel.

3.8.10.3 All equipment and accessories, constituting the HVW Spray System, such as flow control valve, heat detectors, projector nozzles, piping, valves, fittings, instrumentation etc., should be of approved makes acceptable to TAC.

3.8.11 Portable and Mobile Fire Extinguishers

3.8.11.1 Portable and Mobile Fire Extinguishers are provided at suitable locations for indoor/outdoor applications. These extinguishers are used during early stages of localised fires to prevent them from spreading. Following types of these extinguishers are usually provided.

(i) Pressurised Water Type in 9.01 kg size

(ii) Carbon Dioxide Type in 4.5 kg size

(iii) Dry Chemical Type in 5.0 kg size

(iv) Halon type in 5.0 kg size

(v) Mechanical foam Type in 501trs, 901trs.

For the quantities of these types and their applications, the norms given in TAC manual should be followed.

• The make of these extinguishers should also be acceptable to TAC.

• Halon type fire extinguishers are now getting phased out on account of their negative effect on the atmosphere.

• The transformers shall be protected by automatic high velocity water spray system or by carbon dioxide or BCF (Bromochloro-difluromethane) or BTM (Bromotrifluromethane) fixed installation system or Nitrogen injection and drain method.

• Nitrogen injection fire prevention method is being used by a few utilities at present.

. - . . - . . .... - - ··· ... ..... .... .. .. .... ........ .

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3.8.12 Instrumentation and Control

3.8.12.1 Fire Protection System should include suitable instrumentation and necessary controls to render the system efficient and reliable. There should be local control panels for each of the pumps individually as also for the operation of deluge valve of the HVW Spray System. There should be a common control panel for the Jockey Pump and Air Compressors. Main annunciation panel should be provided in the control room for the facilities provided in the control room and for repeating some annunciation from pump house.

3.8.12.2 The following Annunciation is usually provided in the Fire Water Pump House:

(i) Electric motor driven HVW spray pump running/fails to start

(ii) Diesel engine driven HVW spray pump running/fails to start

(iii) Hydrant pump running/fails -to start

(iv) Jockey pump running/fails to start

(v) Air compressor fails to start

(vi) Hydro-pneumatic tank pressure low

(vii) Hydro-pneumatic tank pressure high

(viii) System header pressure low

(ix) Fire in transformer/reactor.

(x) Fire in smoke detection system

(xi) Water storage tank water level low

(xii) High speed diesel oil tank level low

3.8.1 2.3 The following Annunciations should be available in the control room also:

(i) Fire in transformer/reactor

(ii) Hydrant pump/diesel engine operated HVW spray pump in operation

(iii) Motor operated HVW spray pump in operation

(iv) Fire/Fault in Zone 1

(v) Fire/Fault in Zone 2

(vi) Fire/Fault in Zone 3

(vii) Fire/Fault in Zone 4(depending on the number of zones)

3.8.1 2.4 All fire protection equipment should be covered by a regular and strict maintenance and test routine. The hydrant systems should be checked every week

34

which may be possible during night shifts. Sprinkler systems should be checked at regular intervals. Portable equipment should be charged at specified intervals and checked regularly for loss of charge, damage, etc. Records of all tests and checks must be maintained.

3.8.12.5 Provision should be made to switch off the air conditioning equipment in case of fire.

3.8.12.6 Cable entry openings shall be sealed to prevent the spreading of fire.

3.8.13 Diagram of Fire Fighting System

A flow diagram of a typical HVW Spray and Hydrant System is enclosed as Fig. 5.

3.9 DC AUXILARY SUPPLY

3.9.1 DC Auxiliary supply is required for relays, instrumentation, closing and tripping of circuit breakers, emergency lighting, control board indications, etc. During normal operation, battery charger (rec!lifier bridge with Silicon diodes and Silicon control rectifiers) provides the required DC supply. However, to take care of failure of the AC supply (rectifier), a storage battery of adequate capacity is provided to meet the DC requirement. Normally, the storage battery merely keeps floating on the direct current system and supplies current in case of failure of the rectifier in substation. It is desirable to provide duplicate rectifiers to meet the contingency of rectifier failure. An arrangement shall be made to supply an uninterrupted DC supply to load wherever the· batte_ry charger is facilitated with float/trickle/boost charging.

3.9.2 The voltage commonly used for the DC auxiliary supply is 110 or 220 volts batteries for substations and 48 volts for PLCC. Generally lead acid batteries are used.

3.9.3 Capacity of the battery should be adequate to supply.

(a) Momentary current required for the operation of switchgear.

(b) The continuous load of indicating lamps, holding coils for relays contactors, etc.,

(c) Emergency lighting load.

3.9.4 Complete DC equipment for a, substation· may be divided into three parts i.e., storage battery and accessories, ch«:irgirig equipment and distribution board.

3.9.5 The charging equipment generally consists of float cl)arger and boost charger. In major substations, twin float chargers and twin boost·cl:largers or with float cum

-boost charges with a suitable switching cubicle a·re generally used for rel iability.

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3.9.6 The distribution board has an incoming circuit from the DC battery and a number of out going circuits for closing and tripping, alarm and indication for control and relay panels. A separate circuit is provided for the emergency load normally fed from AC supply but is automatically switched on to DC supply in the event of AC power failure.

3.10 AC AUXILIARY SUPPLY

3.10.1 AC supply both single and three-phase, are needed in a substation for internal use for several functions such as:

(a) Illumination.

(b) Battery charging

(c) Transformer cooling system

(d) Oil filtration plant

(e) Transformer tap-changer drives

(I) Air compressors

(g) Power supplies for communication equipment

(h) Crane

(i) Breakers/disconnect switch motors

(j) Fire protection system

(k) Space heaters in cubicles and marshalling kiosks

(I) Air-conditioning/ventilation equipment

3.10.2 Auxiliary Transformer

The design of AC auxiliary supply system must be. such that it ensures continuity of supply under all conditions, as far as practicable, reliability being the basic requirement. In a substation, it is normally provided from a station transformer connected to the 11 kV or 33 kV station bus. Its -capacity should be adequate to meet the demands of all the essential connected loads. Generally, two such transformers are provided in all major substations.

3_ 10.3 In case of transformers where tertiary winding is available one auxiliary transformer can be connected to tertiary of transformer for station power supply with adequate insulation margin and protection to save the damage to main transformers from the Secondary system faults.

3.10.4 The station transformer is connected to the indoor AC distribution panel through duplicate cables. Duplicate feeds to important loads. are made from the AC distribution· panels through outlets, which are controlled, by switch fuses or circuit breakers.

36

In the event of shutdown 'of the entire station, ensure availability of AC auxiliary supply for charging of protective equipments, DG set shall preferably be provided in major substations with Auto Main Fail (AMF) panel preferably. Change over scheme shall be provided in AC distribution panel, to feed important loads by DG set.

3.10.5 Incomer of AC distribution panel shall be provided with 4-pole breaker either it may be from auxiliary transformer or from DG set.

3.11 VENTILATION

3.11.1 Battery Room Ventilation

Exhaust fans should be provided. Further it is necessary to ensure sufficient air inlet to the battery room by providing blowers, if necessary. Exhaust alone without air inlet, a negative pressure will be created in the battery room which will cause

(a) Evaporation of electrolyte even at the normal room temperature and the fine spray of electrolyte will settle on cells, stands etc., reducing the electrical insulation of the battery from the ground.

(b) The hydrogen evolved from the battery may form an explosive mixture if the room pressure has reduced.

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Chapter 4

BUS-BAR SCHEMES

4.1 TYPES OF BUS BAR SCHEMES

The various types of bus-bar schemes generally considered in this Manual are:

(a) Single bus-bar

(b) Main and transfer bus-bar

(c) Double bus-bar

(d) Double main and transfer bus

(e) Ring bus-bar and mesh bus-bar

(f) One-and-half circuit breaker

(g) Double-bus double-breaker scheme

4.2 SELECTION OF BUS-BAR SCHEME

4.2.1 The selection of a bus-bar scheme and its possible extension is an important initial step in substation design. The aspects which influence this decision are operational flexibility, system safety, reliability, availability, ability to facilitate system control and cost. Fi~fure 6 (A to J) shows the various bus-bar arrangements and Fig. 6 (K) shows the graphic symbols for various equipment. An important factor in selection of bus-bar scheme is the degree of reliability of supply expected during maintenance or faults. Careful consideration has also to be given regarding the amount of redundancy to be provided so as to determine the equipment, which can be permitted out of use on account of maintenance or faults. Certain amount of sectionalisation has also to be provided in a substation so as to ensure that in the event of a fault, a large power source does not get disconnected. In the case of step-up substations associated with large generating stations a fault within the substation may have serious repercussions from the point of view of the system operating as a whole and, therefore, a very high degree of reliability is required in such cases as compared to step down or switching stations. Similarly, the exposure of a substatipn to atmospheric hazards such as lightning, marine and industrial pollution etc.; also plays an important part in deciding the type of the bus-bar system. Future expansion of the bus-bar system at least in a foreseable future may also be considered.

4.3 Single Bus-Bar Scheme

4.3.1 This is the simplest scheme, in which each circuit is provided with one circuit breaker (Fig. 6 (A)). This arrangement offers little security against bus bar isolator maintenance. The entire substation is lost in case of a fault on the bus bar or any

.,

38

bus-bar isolator and also in case of maintenance thereof. Another disadvantage is that in case of maintenance of circuit breaker associated feeder has also to be shutdown. One of the methods for reducing the number of circuits lost in case of a bus fault is to sectionalise the bus as shown in Fig. 6 (B).

4.3.2 The arrangement in Fig. 6 (C) is a improvement over that shown in Fig. 6 (B), as additional by-pass isolators are provided to permit feeder circuit breakers to be taken out for maintenance without switching out the associated feeder. On occurrence of a fault on the feeder connected to bus bar through by-pass isolator, the other feeder on that bus section will also be lost.

4.4 MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT (Fig. 6 (D))

This is technically a single bus bar arrangement with an additional bus bar called "Transfer bus" energised from main bus bars through a bus coupler circuit, i.e., for

-I I

'n' number of circuits it employs n+ 1 circuit breakers. The additional provision of

1 transfer bays and bus coupler circuit facilitates taking out one circuit breaker at a time for routine overhaul and maintenance without de-energising the circuit controlled by that breaker as that circuit then gets energised through bus coupler breaker and transfer bus bar. Each circuit is connected to the main bus-bar through a circuit breaker with isolators on both side and through an isolator to the transfer bus-bar.

As in the case of single bus arrangement, this scheme also suffers from the disadvantage that in the event of a fault on the main bus bar or the associated isolator, there is a complete shutdown of the substation. Complete shut down can be avoided through sectionalizing the main bus with the provision of additional one single phase bus PT for synchronization in case of more than eight bays. This scheme has been used in India, USA and also in some of the European countries, particularly for step-down substations, as bus-bar faults are rare.

4.5 DOUBLE BUS-BAR SCHEME

4.5.1 In this scheme a double bus bar is provided and each circuit can be connected to either one of these bus-bar isolators as shown in Fig. 6 (E). Bus coupler breaker is also provided so that the circuits can be switched on from one bus to the other on-load. The scheme suffers from the disadvantage that when the circuit breaker is taken out for maintenance, the associated feeder has to be shutdown. This can be avoided by providing, a by-pass isolator across circuit breaker as shown in Fig. 6 (E). But under this condition all the circuits have to be transferred to one bus and protection of feeder has to be transferred to bus coupler. This scheme has the limitation that only one bus is available when any breaker has to be taken out for maintenance. The double bus-bar scheme with by-pass is available when any breaker has to be taken out of maintenance. The double bus-bar scheme with by-pass isolator across circuit breakers is very suitable for large generating stations as well as large grid substations forming part of a well inter-

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connected system wherein a variety of grouping of circuits is required, Fig. 6 (F) shows another alternative of this scheme. In this alternative the by-pass isolators are connected to one of the main bus bars as shown. This scheme constitutes double bus-bar Scheme with main reserve and transfer bus-bars.

In both these schemes, use of temporary earthing device is called for during breaker maintenance. As temporary earthing drives can result in serious. accidents, if not removed, it is preferable to provide the isolators on either sides of the circuit breakers across which bypass isolators are provided with integral earthing switcnes having mechanical interlocking features.

4 .. 6 DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS-BAR SCHEME

The limitation of scheme Fig. 6 (F) can be overcome .bY using additional transfer bus, transfer bus breaker and isolators as shown in Fig. 6 (G). In this arrangement, the feeder, the breaker of which is to be maintained is transferred to the transfer bus with.out affecting the other circuits. This scheme has been widely used for the highly interconnected power networks where switching flexibility is important and multiple supply routes are available. This scheme i? also used for splitting networks, which are only connected in emergencies.

4.7 MESH BUS-BAR SCHEME (Fig. 6 (H))

4.7.1 Each circuit is controlled by two circuit breakers and therefore, any one, 9ircuit breaker can be taken out for maintenance without affecting the security of supply. A circuit fault also is cleared by opening of two breakers. In both cases the ring is broken and the bus-bar is reduced to sectionalised single bus-bar scheme. In the case of a feeder fault, the circuit isolator can be opened, the faulty feeder disconnected and both the breakers closed which would close the ring. This system has got a number of advantages such as maintenance of a circuit breaker without loss of supply and without providing by-pass facilities, loss of only the faulty feeder in case of a feeder fault, and loss of only two circuits in case of a circuit breaker fault. There are, however, some problems such as occurrence of a fault when a circuit breaker is being maintained resulting in a double break in the mesh and capacity limitation of the equipment to pass the maximum current that may flow round the mesh. If these are provided for, it adds to cost of the station. In view of these problems, it is considered desirable to limit the number of circuits on the mesh.

4.7.2 The mesh scheme is very suitable where the number of circuits is comparatively small and chances of future expansion are less such as substations associated with generating plants and also step-down substations operating at extra high voltages. This scheme has been used on many of our early installations. However, during the recent past there have not been many installations of this type as this scheme does not lend itself easily to further expansion. However, the mesh

.,

40

arrangement has been widely used in UK for their 275 kV and 400 kV substations and also in USA for their high voltage installations operating at 230 kV and above.

4.8 ONE-AND-HALF BREAKER SCHEME (FIG. 6 (I & J))

4.8.1 In this scheme three circuit breakers are used for controlling two circuits as shown in Fig. 6 (I & J). Normally, both the bus-bars are in service .

• A fault on any bus is cleared by the opening of the associated circuit breakers without affecting continuity for supply. Similarly, any circuit breaker can be taken out for maintenance without causing interruption. All load transfer is done by the breakers and therefore, the operation is simple. However relaying is somewhat more involved as the third breaker has to be responsive to troubles on either feeder in the correct sequence. Besides, each breaker has to be suitable for carrying the currents of two circuits to meet the requirements of various switching operations, which may in some cases increase the cost. The breaker and a half scheme is suitable for those substations which handle large amounts of power on each circuit. The scheme has been widely used in USA particularly for their EHV substations operating at 330 kV and above. This scheme has been applied widely in the 420 kV systems in this country also.

4.9 DOUBLE-BUS AND DOUBLE-BREAKER SCHEME

In this scheme two circuit breakers are used for controlling one circuit as shown in Fig. 6 (K). Normally both bus-bars are in service. Similar to breaker and half scheme, a fault on any bus is cleared by opening of the associated circuit breakers without affecting continuity of supply. Similarly any circuit breaker can be taken out of maintenance without causing interruption. All load transfer is done by breaker and therefore, the operation is simple and relaying is also simpler compared to breaker and half scheme. Because of increase in number of breakers per bay and higher cost, double bus double breaker scheme is suitable for those substations, which handle large amount of power.

: ;

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Chapter 5

SAFETY CLEARANCES

5.1 OVER-VOLTAGE AND INSULATION LEVEL

5.1.1 All equipment installed in a substation are designed to take into account of the rated power frequency voltage of network; temporary over voltages at power frequency caused by e.g. sudden loss of load and I or earth faults; switching over voltages and lightning over voltages. Accordingly equipment is subject to following voltage tests.

(a) Lightning impulse withstand voltage (1 .2/50 micro sec.) .

(b) Switching impulse withstand voltage (250/2500 micro sec.)

(c) Short duration power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz) (wet and I or dry)

(d) Combined voltage test

Additionally an oscillating voltage or chopped wave test may be required.

5.1 .2 The set of test voltage values determines the insulation level. Standard insulating levels are defined in IEC: 60071-1, -2 or relevant IS. For equipment voltage upto 245 kV, IEC60071-1 specifies s"tandard rated short duration power frequency and lightning impulse withstand voltages. For equipment voltage beyond 245 kV, IEC60071-1 specifies standard rated switching and lightning impulse withstand voltages. The necessary insulation level depends on the insulation co­ordination, i.e., on the properties of different components of the network (mainly lines), the protection used against overvoltages (ZnO surge arrester are very effective), on altitude and also on the required reliability of the substation (permissible probability of flashover) and may vary in different parts of the same substation.

5.1.3 All EHV apparatus are generally protected against lightning as well as switching over voltage. The equipment used for protection are coordinated with protected apparatus to ensu.re safe operation as well as .to maintain the stability of the interconnected units of the power system.

5.2 SOME DEFINITIONS

5.2.1 Insulation Co-ordination

The selection of the dielectric strength of equipment in relation to the voltages which can appear on the system for which the equipment is intended and taking into account the service environment and the characteristic of the available protective devices .

···--- ·- - ---·· ·--·- ··

42

Note : "Dielectric strength" of the equipment, is meant here its rated or its standard insulation level

The primary objectives of insulation co-ordination are : • To establish the maximum steady state, temporary and transient over-voltage

levels to which the various components of a system may be subjected in practice.

• To select tl)e insulation strength and characteristics of equipment, including those for protective devices, used in order to ensure a safe, economic and reliable installation in the event of the above over-voltages.

5.2.2 Rated Insulation Level

A set of standard withstand voltages which characterize the electric strength of the insulation.

The selection of the rated insulation level consists of the selection of the most economical set of standard withstand voltages (Uw) of the insulation sufficient to prove that all the required .withstand voltages are met.

5.2.3 Standard Insulation Level

A rated insulation level, the standard withstand voltages which are associated to highest v9ltage (Um) as recommended in IEC.

5.2.4 "Installation" means any composite electrical unit used for the purpose of generating, transforming, transmitting, converting, distribution or utilizing energy.

5.2.5 Safety Clearance

Minimum clearance from any point on or about the permanent equipment where a man may be required to stand (measured 'from position of the feet) to the nearest unscreened live conductor in air.

5.2.6 "Earthed' or "Connected with Earth": means connected with the general mass of earth in such manner as to ensure at all times an immediate discharge of energy without danger.

5.2.7 "Earthing system" means an electrical system in which all the conductors are earthed.

5.3 ELECTRICAL CLEARANCE

5 .. 3.1 As per Indian Electricity Rules, all electric supply lines and apparatus shall be of sufficient rating for power, insulation and estimated fault current and of sufficient mechanical strength, for the duty which they may be required to perform under the environmental conditions of installation and shall be constructed, installed,

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protected, worked and maintained in such manner as to ensure safety of human being, animal and property.

5.3.2 It is not possible to test the whole HV installation by corresponding test voltages. Steps are to be taken to avoid flashover occurring below the impulse withstand level. Therefore minimum clearance in air between live parts or between live and dead parts are stated, to obtain the required insulation level in arrangements which have not been tested. Smaller clearances are permissible if the particular arrangement has been tested by the prescribed insulation test (IEC:60071-1, -2 ) taking into account all relevant environmental condition e.g. rain, pollution. The specified electrical clearance must be maintained under all normal conditions.

5.3.3 The clearooces may also be lower, where it has been confirmed by operating experience that the over voltages are lower than those expected in the selection of the standard withstand voltages or that the gap configuration is more favourable than that assumed for the recommended clearances.

5.3.4 The various equipments and other facilities discussed in Chapters 2, 3 and 4 have to be so arranged within the substation that certain minimum clearances are always available from the point of view of the system reliability and safety of operating personnel.

The following parameters are usually defined:

(a) Minimum height of live parts above the accessible surface.

(b) Minimum height of lowest parts of insulators above the accessible surface.

(c) Minimum horizontal distance between a live part and protective rails, fences, etc.

(d) Minimum distance between a live part and human body (or conductive tools) during the work in the substation.

5.3.5 Clearances as per Indian Standard Code are provided for electrical apparatus so that sufficient space is available for easy operation and maintenance without any · hazard to operating and maintenance personnel working near the equipment and for ensuring adequate ventilation. These include the minimum clearances from live parts to earth, between live parts of adjacent phases and sectional clearances between live parts and work section required for maintenances of an equipment. Besides, it is also necessary that sufficient clearance to ground is also available within the substation so as to ensure safety of the personnel moving about within the switchyard.

5.3.6 The minimum air clearance to ground and between phases are function of switching, lightning impulse withstand voltage, environmental condition and gap factor which depends on electrode configuration. For voltage upto 245 kV, usually

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lightning over voltages are considered the governing factor whereas for 420 kV and higher voltage switching over voltage are considered the governing factor.

5.3.7 For determination of phase-to-ground air clearance, the "rod-structure" configuration is the worst electrode configuration normally encountered in practice; the "conductor-structure" configuration covers a large range of normally used configuration. But the necessary inter-phase clearance is more related to the "rod­conductor" and "conductor- conductor" configuration. The unsymmetrical " rod­conductor" configuration is the worst electrode configuration normally encountered in service. The "conductor-conductor" configuration covers all symmetrical configurations with similar electrode shapes on the two phases.

5.3.8 For voltage upto 245 kV, the air clearance phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase is determined from for the rated lightning impulse withstand voltage. For voltage greater than 245 kV, the phase-to-earth clearances is the higher value of the clearances determined for the rod-structure configuration for the standard lightning impulse and for the standard switching impulse withstand voltages. The phase-to­phase clearance is the higher value of the clearance determined for the rod­structure configuration for the standard lightning impulse and for the standard switching impulse withstand voltage . .

5.3.9 Table 5.1 gives the recommended values of clearance required for substation up to 800 kV.

Table 5.1 : Recommended Clearances

Highest Lightning Switching Minimum clearances ' Safety system impulse impulse voltage clearances voltage voltage (kVp) (mm) . CkVl lkVnl

Between Between Phase and Phases (mm) Earthlmm\

36 170 - 320 320 2800 72.5 325 - 630 630 3100 123 450 - 900 900 3400

550 1100 1100 3700 145 550 - 1100 1100 3700

650 1300 1300 3800 245 950 - 1900 1900 4300

1050 2100 2100 4600 420 1425 1050 (Ph·E) 3400' - 6400

1575 (Ph-Phl - 4200 .. 800 2100 1550 (Ph-E) 6400· 9400 .. 10300

2550 (Ph-Ph)

• Based on Rod-structure air gap .

Based on Rod-Conductor air gap.

S This value of air clearances are the minimum values dictated by electrical consideration and do not irclude any addition for construction tolerances, effect of short circuits, wind effects and safety of personnel, etc.

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Notes:

• Safety clearances are based on the insulation height of 2.44 m which is the height of lowest point on the insulator where it meets the earthed Metal.

• The distances indicated above are not applicable to equipment which has been subjected to impulse test since mandatory clearances might hamper the design of the equipment, increase its cost.

• The values in Table refer to an attitude not exceeding 1000 m and take into account the most unfavourable conditions which may result from the atmospheric pressure variation, temperature and moisture. A correction factor of 1.25% per _100 m is to be applied for increasing the air clearance for altitudes more than 1000 m and upto 3000 m.

• No safety clearance is required between the bus-bar isolator or the bus-bar insulators. However, safety clearance is necessary between the section isolator or the bus-bar itself and the circuit breaker.

• For the purpose of computing the vertical clearance of an overhead strung conductor the maximum sag of any conductor shall be calculated on the basis

·of the maximum sag in still air and the maximum temperature as specified.

5.3.1 O. As an alternative to maintain safety clearances in some substation earthed barriers are used to ensure safety of the maintenance personnel. The use of earthed barriers is quite common at lower voltages of 36 kV 72.5 kV. However, as the voltage increases, the saving in space decreases and at 420 kV level, normally earthed barriers are not provided. In case paucity of space if 2.44 m clearance is not available then localized earthed fencing with safety clearance can be considered by the designer.

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Chapter 6

GAS-INSULATED SWITCHGEAR

6.1 SF5 gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is now widely used for construction of compact substations. Some of the applications for which GIS is eminently suited are listed below:

(i) Installations for which stringent demands regarding security must be met.

(ii) Indoor substations to occupy the minimum space in densely populated urban areas.

(iii) Installations in areas with high risk of pollution and corrosion from industrial plants or by marine and desert climates.

(iv) Extension of conventional outdoor installations where space is at a premium.

(v) Replacement of conventional switchgear by SF6 metal clad switchgear for a higher system voltage without increasing the space occupied.

(vi) Appl ications involving use of metal clad switchgear with components of conventional design to minimize area requirement.

(vii) Underground substations for pumped storage and other hydroelectric power stations.

(viii) Outdoor installation where surface is not easily available.

(ix) Installations in difficult site conditions (e.g., seismically active areas, high altitude areas etc.).

6.2 CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS

6.2.1 For any single line diagram, there are usually a number of possible physical arrangements. The shape of the site of installation and the nature of interconnections,. i.e., lines and/or cables are to be considered. Most GIS designs were developed initially for double bus, single breaker arrangement. This has been widely used and provides good reliability, simplicity in operation, easy protective relaying and excellent economy.

6.2.2 It is found economical to adopt 3-phase enclosure up to 145 kV system voltage. For system voltages above 145 kV, single-phase enclosure designs are preferred. Functior:ially, the performance does not differ between 3-phase enclosure and single-phase enclosure of GIS but, it could depend on users choices.

6.2.3 The GIS components like circuit breakers, load break switches, earthing switches, isolators, voltage transformers, current transformers, surge arresters and connectors are functionally separate modules of a standardized modular system .

·· - - -·- ·-············· ·· · ······ ·· ····· ·

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6.2.4 The enclosure of GIS could be made of aluminium alloy or stainless steel. The selection of material largely depends on temperature rise considerations and permissible limits depending on emissivity (solar radiation) and/or temperature rise of conductor).

6.2.5 SF6 is five times as dense as air. It is used in GIS on pressures from 3.5 - 7 bars absolute. The pressure is so selected that gas will not condense into liquid at the lowest temperature, the equipment could experience. This gas is about 100 times better than air in terms of interrupting arcs.

6.2.6 Cone or disc shaped insulators moulded from high quality resin support to active parts in side the enclosures and seNe as barriers between adjacent gas-filled compartments.

6.2.7 Silver-plated plus contacts provide connections between individual components and bolted flanges between the enclosures.

6.2.8 The operating mechanism for circuit breaker could be electro-hydraulically (hydraulic spring drive) operated or spring-spring operated for least maintenance.

6.2.9 The load break switches and high speed earthing switches are operated by motor charged spring mechanism and the safety earthing switches and disconnects are operated by motor operated mechanism.

6.2.1 O Manual operation of safety earthing switches is also possible as an alternative to motor operation.

6.2.11 Connectors enable straight line, 90 deg, 120 deg to 180 deg, four way and T-connections between the various elements.

6.;?.12 The modules include compensating units to permit lateral mounting, axial compensation, parallel compensation, tolerance compensation, vibration compensation etc. The lateral mounting units enable sections of switchgear to be removed and re-inserted without interfering with adjacent parts. Axial compensators take-up the changes in bus bar length due to temperature variation. Parallel compensators are intended for accommodating large linear expansions and angle tolerances. Tolerance compensators are intended to take up manufacturing and assembly tolerances. Vibration compensators absorb vibrations caused by transformers connected directly to SF6 switchgear by oiUSF6 bushings.

6.2.1 3 Approximate space requirements for double bus lay out with vertical breaker scheme can be estimated approximately by assuming the width (3.0 m x 8.5 m x 8.0 m) leaving 1.5 m along the depth, for panels, 2.0 m for movement on either side along the length of bus bar for 400 kV system

..... .......... . - . ... .. ·-· ·- · ... ··· - · ....... -·

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6.2.14 Depending on the bus bar arrangement, the various elements are assembled to constitute various bays in the desired sequence.

6.3 CONTROL CABINETS

6.3.1 The elements for control, indication and alarms are contained in local control cabinets mounted close to bays. The elements normally mounted in the control cabinets consist of the following:

(i) Mimic diagram with control switches for electrically operated breakers, load break switches, disconnects and earthing switches and indicators for all components provided with auxiliary switches.

(ii) Local/Remote Selector Switches.

(iii) Alarm facia with indicating lamps for monitoring operating system, gas density and auxiliary supplies.

(iv) Contactors, timing relays etc.

(v) Terminal blocks.

(vi) Interior lighting, heater, cable glands.

(vii) Lockable bypass switches for defeating the interlocks to facilitate maintenance work.

6.4 INTERLOCKS

6.4.1 GIS control cabinet includes electrical interlocks to prevent incorrect switching sequence and ensure correct operations of isolators, circuit breakers and earthing switches from local control cabinet or from the control room.

6.5 SAFETY LOCKS

6.5.1 Safety locks for locking the disconnects and earthing switches in the positions "Operation" or "Maintenance" are also provided. In the "Maintenance" position these locks interrupt the control circuits of motor drives for disconnects and earhing switches. In the manually operated earthing switches, these locks in the "Operation" position do not permit engagement of manual operating handle with the earthing switches operating shaft.

6.6 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES

6.6.1 Depending on the design of installation, the GIS can be self supporting or erected on steel supporting structures of simple design anchored to the substation floor.

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6.7 GROUNDING

The three enclosures of single phase GIS are required to be bonded to each other at the ends of GIS to ensure to flow circulating currents. These circulated enclosures currents cancel the magnetic field that would otherwise exist outside the enclosure out to conductor current. 3-phase enclosures GIS does not have circulating currents but does have eddy currents in the enclosure and should also be multi point grounded. Although multi point grounding leads to some losses in the enclosure due to circulating current multi point grounding results in many parallel path for the current from an internal path to flow to the switchyard ground grid. The recommendations of manufacturers and multi point grounding concept normally ensures touch and step potentials within safe levels prescribed by IEEE 80.

6.8 The GIS should be extendable to meet the requirement of addition of bays in future. The side on which the extension is to be made should be provided with suitable extension bellows/flanges with blanking plates. The building that is to house the GIS should have space provision for future extension.

6.9 GIS TERMINATIONS

GIS terminations could be any of the following:

• SF6 to air bushings

• SF6 to cable termination

• SF6 to oil bushings for direct connection to transformer

• SF6 bus duct

All termination modules are commonly used to connect the GIS with transformer. Overhead lines could be connected to GIS either though cables or through SF6 to air bushings. Type of terminations has also bearing on the size of substations. If cable or SF6 bus ducts are used, substation can be kept quite compact. SF6 to air bushings, on the other hand, requires minimum clearance in air and thus requires more space and in addition, they are subject to environmental conditions. Especially in cities/ industrial areas where space is both restricted and expensive and the surrounding environment has impact on type of termination, preference should be for cable termination or SF6 bus duct. Selection of cable termination will have to be judiciously done keeping in view the specific requirement.

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Chapter 7

PHYSICAL LAYOUT

7.1 STATION SITE

7 .1.1 Site limitation is one of the important considerations in deciding the type of layout of a substation. It should be free from all obstructions from the point of view of convenience of terminating high voltage transmission lines. At the same time it should be accessible to the public road to facilitate transport of plant and equipment. As far as possible, it should be near a town and away from municipal dumping grounds/ areas and also away from police and military rifle ranges. The site should have good drinking water for station staff. Outdoor substation should not be within 3 km from aerodrome or should be as per aviation guidelines.

7.1.2Type of isolators has great influence in bay width and level of the substation. Using double break type of Isolators compared to Horizontal Centre Break Isolators, bay width can be reduced by 10-15%. Pantograph isolators are best suited for Double Main and Transfer (OMT) scheme (with flexible bus arrangement) but it requires proper and careful erection of isolator and stringing of buses. By using vertical break isolators, the height of levels increases but vertical break isolators are more economical for voltages more than 400 kV due to lesser length of beam, bay width and ultimately lesser requirement of land.

7 .1.3 While planning the layout and orientation of an EHV sub station in order to avoid right of way problem in future, approximate provision sh.ould be made for installation of towers for incoming/ outgoing lines and this aspect should be considered simultaneously and provision made accordingly in the construction of emanating transmission lines. It is necessary to consider in the layout design, the possibility of extension of substation. The line and transformer bays sequence should, if possible, be fixed minimizing the possibility of overloading bus bars and connecting conductor.

7.2 SELECTION OF LAND

The land for substation should be selected on the basis of size of substation. switchyard layout design depends on switching scheme, shape and size of land. A substation requires land for consist of switchyard, control and administrative building, stores, security barrack, colony, etc. Considering increasing cost of land but keeping provision for future extension, following size of lands are required for a substation

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7.3 ILLUSTRATIONS

7.3.1 Figure 7 (a) to 34 illustrates some typical layouts of 420, 245, 145, 72.5 and 36 kV substations as mentioned in Table 7.1 including some typical layouts adopted recently commissioned substations. These layouts are being given for general guidance only and are not intended to serve as standard layouts. The various types of layouts included herein are as follows:

Table 7.1 : Various Types of Layouts Generally Adopted

Fiqure No. Descriotion Fiaure 1 Tvnical cable trench section Fiaure 2 Switchvard and substation oil handlina svstem schematic oioina diaaram Fiaure 3 Tvaical comoressed air svstem for air blast circuit breaker Fioure 4A. Tvoical 400/220 kV control room I around floor) Fioure 4B Tvnical 400/220 kV control room (first floor) Fiaure 5 Details of Hioh Velocitv Water fHVWl sorav svstem Fioure 6 Sinole line diaaram for various tvoes of switchin ~ schemes Figure No. Voltage Bus system Bay width Bus level

kV ltvl">icall Figure 7 (a) 420 Double main and transfer bus 27m Low

(Plan) Figure 7 (b) 420 Double main and transfer bus 27m Low

<Section I Figure 8(a) 420 Breaker and half, D-type 27m Low

arranaement (Plan) Figure 8{b) 420 Breaker and half, D-type 27m Low

arranaement rsectionl Figure 8(c) 420 Breaker and half, D-type 27m Low

arranoement (SLD) Figure B(d) 420 Breaker and half with 1-Ph 27m Low

Transformer with auxiliary bus arranoement

Figure B(d), Sheet 1 of 420 Single line diagram 27 m Low 6 Figure B(d) , Sheet 2of 420 Plan 27m Low 6 Figure 8(d) , Sheet 3 420 Sections 27m Low &4 of 6 Figure B(d) , Sheet 5 of 420 Plan of transformer area 27m Low 6 Figure 8(d) , Sheet 6 of 420 Section of transformer area 27m Low 6 Fioure 8Cel 420 Breaker and half 24m Low Fioure 9A 245 Double main and transfer 15m Low Figure 9B 245 Main and transfer with provision 15m Low

for conversion to double main and transfer

Fioure 9C 245 Double main and transfer 16m Low Fioure 10A 245 Double bus 15m Low Figure 1 OA , Sheet 1 of 245 Single line diagram and plan 15m Low 2 Figure 1 OA, Sheet 2 of 245 Sections 15m Low 2 Fioure 10B 245 Double bus 16m Hiqh Fioure IOC 245 Double bus 17m Hioh

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Fiaure 11 245 Double bus 17 m Law Fiaure 12 A 245 Double bus GIS NA . Fiaure 12 B 245 Double bus GIS NA . Fiaure 13 245 Main transfer 17 m Hiah Fiaure 14 245 Main and transfer 17 m Law Fiaure 15 245 Slnole bus 17 m Hiah Flaure 16 245 Slnale bus 17 m Low Flaure 17 145 Double bus 10.4 m High Flaure 18 145 Double bus 10.4 m Low Fiaure 19 145 Main and transfer 10.4 m Hiah Flaure 19A 145 Main and transfer 12 m Low Figure 19A, Sheet 1 of 145 Single line diagram 12 m Low 4 Figure 19A. Sheet 2 of 145 Plan 12 m Low 4 Figure 19A, Sheet 3&4 145 Sections 12 m Low of 4 Figure 20 145 Main and transfer 10.4 m Low Fiaure 20A 145 Main and 1ransfer 10.5 m Low Fiaure 21 145 Sinale bus 10.4 m Hiah Flaure 22 145 Sinale bus 10.4 m Low Fiaure 23 72.5 Double bus 7.6 m Hiah Fiaure 24 72.5 Double bus 7.6m Low Fiaure 24A 72.5 Double bus 7.6m Law Flaure 25 72.5 Main and transfer 7.6m Hiah Fiaure 26 72.5 Main and transfer 7.6m Law Flaure 27 72.5 Sinale bus 7.8m Hi ah Fiaure 28 72.5 Sonale bus 7.6m Law Fiaure 29 36 Double bus 5.5m Hiah Fiaure 30 36 Double bus 5.5m Low Fiaure 31 36 Main and transfer 5.5m Hiah Fiaure 32 36 Main and transfer 5.5m Low Fiaure 33 36 Sinale bus 5.5m Hi ah Fiaure 34 36 Sinale bus 5.5m Low

Note: Layouts shown in this Manual are the ones generally adopted by the utilities

7.4 It is recommended that based on the equipment selected, the basic data included in this manual and the operating experience, the layouts may be standardized so that a uniform design is obtained which would reduce the cost as well as construction period.

7.5 LAYOUT OF CONTROL ROOM BUILDING

The size of the control room building is dependant on the number of rooms, equipments in the room and varies from utility to utility. Typical sizes for different rooms of the control room building for a 400/220 kV substation with conventional control and relay panels having the following number of bays is given in Table 7.2.

400 kV system - One and half breaker bus scheme having 8 nos. diameters to. accommodate 12 nos. line feeders, 2 nos. 400/220 kV transformers, 2 nos. bus reactors.

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220 kV system - Double main and transfer bus scheme to accommodate 7 nos. line feeders, 2 nos. 400/220 kV transfotmers, 1 nos. bus transfer and 1 nos. bus coupler bay.

Table 7.2: Typical Sizes of the Different Rooms in Control Room Building

SI. No. Control room Approximate size llenoth x breadth\

1. Control Room 15mx10m 2. Relav and PLCC Room 20mx15m 3. MCC Room 15mx14m

/Main Switchboard. ACDB. OCDB, Batterv Charaer) 4. Battery Room (Accommodation of 2 nos. 220 V & 2 nos. 50V 15 mxBm

Batterv Bank in Sinole Row Sinnle Tier Arranoementl 5. Communication Room 15mx7 m 6. Shift-in-Chame's Room Smx4m 7. Enoineer's Room 7mx5m 8. Conference Room 7mx5m 9. Maintenance Room 6mx5m 10. Librarv cum Record Room 6mx5m 11.' Electronics Test Lab 9mx5m 12. Maintenance Slaff Room 6mx5m 13. Toilets As oer reauirement 14. Pantrv As oer reouirement

For an automated substation, relays and PLCC equipments may be accommodated in a weather proof bay controller unit located in the outdoor switchyard. Hence Relay, PLCC room and communication room are not required and size of control room can be reduced as the control room for such type of application should be suitable for accommodation of Computer peripherals and communication equipment.

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ABOUT CONTRIBUTORS

Shri H.G. Chhabra did his B.E. (Elect.) from Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, in 1972. He has a wide experience, and is presently working as Superintending Engineer in Bhakra Beas Management Board, Chandigarh.

Shi:i M. Gopala Rao, M.E. (Elect) & F.I.E. is presently Chief Engineer Construction AP TRANSCO. He has 35 years of experience in various areas of Engineering, and introduced 132 kV Shunt Capacitor Banks in 1998 in AP, TRANSCO. He is trained in GIS in Germany and Japan, and has contributed several technical papers in National and International Seminars.

Shi:i M.M. Goswami is presently working as Additional General Manager in POWERGRID. He has over 25 years of experience working with ~·arious organizations like ASEB, NTPC, POWERGRID in the field of Design & Engineering of Transformer and Substations, Condition Monitoring, DOA etc. He is also associated in the development of technical specification, design review and testing of first 800 kV transformer and reactors being corrunissioned

--'" by PO\VERGRID. He has published a number of technical papers. He is also associated with standardization of Transformer & Substation by BIS, CB IP, CIGRE etc.

Shri R.K. Gupta is Post Graduate in High Voltage Engineering from Govt. Engineering College, Jabalpur, and PGDC in Tuem1al Power Plant Engineering from NPTI, Delhi. He joined POWERGRID in 1998 as Executive trainee. At present, he is working as Assistant Chief Design Engineer in Corporate Engineering (Substation) Department. He is involved in various substations engineering activities relating to standt rdization_ of Layout, type testing of various equipment, failure analysis of Transformer/Reactors and Design Review & Type Testing of the first 800 kV class Shunt Reactor.

Shri Raj Kumar did his B.E. from IIT and is presently working as General Manager (Design E&M) in NHPC: Faridabad. He has very rich experience in design as well as construction of EHV Transmission Systems. Associated with 400 kV field testing, he. contributed to elimination of closing resistors from 400 kV CBs. He is senior member of IEEE, associated with Power Engineering Society, CIGRE National Study Committee 23,38,34,CS and presently A2-3 l

- on Contamination in Transformer Oil.

Shri S.K. Ray Mohapatra was born in Orissa, India in 1961.He graduated in Electrical Engineering from Sambalpur University, Orissa in 1982 and had his Master's Degrees and MBA from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi in 1984 and 2003 respectively. His professional experience of more than 20 years includes Project appraisal, tendering & procurement, design and engineering of EHV substations with the Central Electricity Authority of Government of India, identi fication and investigation work for harnessing hydro power potential (micro I mini I small hydroelecuic power projects) and assessment of wind power potential with Govt. of Orissa (India) and testing & quality control of PVC & XLPE cables of 11 kV .and 33kV grade with M/s NlCCO Orissa Ltd., India. He has already contributed ten papers and articles in National seminars and Indian Power magazines and representing as a member in various technical committees of CBI&P, India.

Subrata Mukhopadhyay was born in Asansol, India in 1947. He graduated in Electrical Engineering from Jadavpur University, Calcutta in 1968 and had his Master's and Doctorate Degrees from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and Roorkee in 1970 and 1979 respectively. His employment experience of more than 34 years includes teaching and research in Roorkee, and power system planning, design and operation with the Central Electricity Authority of Government of India. He has authored two books and twenty­seven papers, won IEEE Third Millennium Medal in 2000, PES Delhi Chapter Outstanding Engineer Award & PES Asia-Pacific Regional Outstanding Engineer Award for 2001, IEEE RAB Leadership & Achievement Awards in 2002 & 2004 respectively. Since beginning of 2005 he is in the PES Governing Body as Asia-Pacific Regional Representative. He is also Fe\low of the Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineers (India).

Shri RN. Saini did his BE (Elect.) from Malviya Regional Engineering College, Jaipur, in 1972 and later M.Tech.(Power Apparatus & Systems) from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, in 1983. He is presently working as Superintending Engineer (400 kV Design) in Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Limited. He had been posted on deputation in CEA during 1978-83. He has vast experience in design of EHV substations.

Shri K.S. Kattigehallimatt Chief Engineer (Retd), Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Ltd.

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CENTRAL BOARD OF IRRIGATION AND PO\VER Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi- ll 0 021, India

Phones: 91-11-26115984, 261ll294, 26875017, 26880557 Fax: 91-11-26116347

E-mail : cbip@cbip.org, cbip@vsnl.com Websi te : www.cbip.org

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Manual on

SUBSTATION LAYOUT DRAWINGS

Publication No. 299

Editors

G.N. Mathur R.S. Chadha

NEW DELHI

ISO 9001 : 2000

CENTRAL BOARD OF IRRIGATION & POWER Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110 021

TYf. CABLE SUPPORT

SECTION 3-~ 1. All DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM UNl..ESS OTHERWISE SPECtFlEO.

SECTION 2~? 2. DO NOT SCALE THE DRG. FOLLOW WRITTEN DIMENSIONS ONLY. 3. R.C.C MIX. SHOULD BE M20 GRAO~. 4. lfAM CONCRETE SHALL SE 1 :4:6. 5. CLEAR COVER FOR 801TOM SLAB R£1NF. ON TOP SIDE IS 25MM. 6. LIFTING HOOK ARE TO B£ PROVIDED IN EVERY TENTH SLAB.

7. NECESSARY OPENING SHALL BE PROVIDED AT APPROPRIATE --~~H--~-76l<6 MS !'VJ LOCATIOPN TO TAKE OUT CABLfS.

$ECTIQN 4-4

.fLA1i l'XP DETAJL OF M!CUQRIN!J CAIU.R TRAY 8UPP08T FOR J5X6 ¥ S FLAT

SECTION ft-2 & ;s-3

·.EIAN ~ TRAY SJ.lffORT FOB SECTIQN 1-1

~

DETAIL OE TRENCH COVER SLAB ER SECIION (1-1) & (2-2}

SE9ll0f9 X-X

DETAIL OF TRENQR kOVEB FOR SECTION 3-;i & 4-4

= ........... DETAIL OF JJrnNG HOOK FOR SECTION 1-1 & 2-2

f s[(

TXP· PEIAIL Of SLAB SUPPORT

SECTION Y-X

8. FOR ACTUAL DEPTH OF TRENCHES REFER CABLE TRENCH lAYOUT. 9. F.G.L DENOTES FINISHEO GRAOEt> LEVEL (FORMATION l.EVEl). 10. F.G.L TO BE TAK€N FROM LAYOUT ORG. 11. A SLOPE OF 1:250 SHAU. BE GIVEN IN lHE DIRECTION

PERPENOtCULAR TO THE RUN OF THE TRENCH FOR ALL SECTIONS. 12. ALL CABLE TRENCHES SHALL BE GIVEN A SLOPE OF 1:500

IN THE DIRECTION OF MAIN RUN. t3. EARTHING CONDUCTOR '£' 50X6 ·MS FlAT WOULD BE WEt.OEO

ON THE CABLE SUPPORTING STRUCTURES BEFORE INSTAUATION OF CABLES.

l 4. ALL STEEL STRUCTURE PLATES WOULD BE PAINTED WITH NON .CORROSIVE PAINT ON A SUITABLE PRIMER BEFORE INSTAUATlON Of CABLES EARTHING CONDUCTORS WOULD HAVE RED PAINT.

15. TRENCH WALL SHALL Cl.EAR THE; EQUIPMENT FOUNDATION 8Y 100 MM. 16. NECESSARY CONSTRUCTION JOINTSHAU. SE PROVIDED AT

EVt:RY 30M (MIN.) OR /IS PER SITE CONDffiON. 17. 40 MM CLEAR COVER FOR WALL AND BOTTOM SLAB REINFORCEMENT

WHICH IS TOWARDS EARTH SIDE SHAU. BE PROVIDED. 18. ALL SUPPORT ANGLE SHALL BE L50X50X6. 19. ANCHORING Fl.AT (75X6 MM) SHALL BE PROVIDED AT EACH

SUPPORT ANGLE POINT. 20. EARTHING CONDUCTOR MKD 'E' SHALL. BE PROVIDED ON THE

TOP TIER OF EACH CABLE TRENCH SECTIONS.

FiGURE-1

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN}

TYP~CAL CABLE TRENCH SECTIONS

SHEET1 OF1

tH:!..1:aR£o 1'R~~9FOR~R Q C!fl.CIMY 6R::OA~.t>I OU .. "\

i ,,,..?,~ a:ffi ~e o et<. tl'IA'l.JZFE'R P'~ '

T \AUllHIOJUST£0 TO RELWN o.D9EO CORING PRESSOR£ CMANGES ClJe TO YEMI' BUT TO 0P£N (l(JRING Fll..t.!NG EMPTYING OF TANK

TYPl()At. SANK OF Ft.OCR MOUNTEO ~T BREAl<ERS

• 'l

ROOTING ~LVeS \ !"OR SECTIONAL ~AOEFIS

$0AVENGltl0 $1.l'ilPS {lC-0·3828)

I I

sua- STATION MANUAL

SWITCH YARD 8i SUB-STATION

Oil HANDLING SYSTEM

SCHEMATIC PIPING DIAGRAM

EXPLANATION

FIGURE-2

-i><l- GATE \Ill.Ve

~ Cl!ECK ~\It

--¥- SAlllPI.~ ~

--¥-~Mt \rU.VE

~FL£Xl8Lt! METALLIC HOSE (X·O·lfl2$)

-0 HOS£ COUPLING ANO CAP

Q- PRESSURE REl.IEF 'l«ILVE

-0- ROTARY PtJM?

~11-- IMIOH

-f0t- PLUG COCK

~TELLTALE

~ ANGLE Gl.08£ °*1..VE

DUPLICATE MAIN

OONOIT1m~1NG AIR REO\JCING VALVE 6 VILTER -----

TO ATMOSPHERE

ORA fN--· ----LE GENO

3~STAGE A'll. COOi.ED RSQAAOCATIHG. ID3 COMPRESSOR

@ MOTOR

Q AIR Fli.TER

...._ FUSIBLE Pl..IJG

i%J. AFTER COOi.ER

(>- UNLOADER. (PART Of COMP~SSOO)

0 COM.OR€SSOR PRES~ CONTROi,..

@

0 @

PflE$SURE A:..ARM

l.OW PRESSURE SWITCH

PRESSURE GAUGE

~ R£LtEF \A\. VF.

PRESSURE RECUC.ING VALVE

1<0- NON RETURN VN..Vf!. • T,, STOP ~t.V£ NORMA!...1. . .'f OPEN o<:J M'Hci:'.L Oi'ERAT~O)

~ STOP VAL'.'E~ fJORMAU.'.f Ct.OZ:EO

(@ fLCNV lNOiCATOR

Atfl·Pil'E CONNECT;t;i"J

El.C:CT~!(:AL co~~Cli('t..; .

~ MAN:FOLO

FIGURE- 3

I I I I I

' I I

© I I I I

[ ___ 1 __

8

FIRST FLOOR

I ------ ------

STAFF OfflCf

0

l'l!:CfROUIC TE5T I.AB

MAIT. 5TAff' .ROOM

SCHEDULE OF OPENINGS

!TYPE I SIZE NOS. DESCRIPTION

I DOORS

I 2.0l'I x 2.l+M 3 DOOi! Wlt11 Al.UHIHIUH Fl'IAHE ANO Gl.AZEll DOUB!.£ ! D

~I!.

I 01 l.2H X 2.l+M 2 DOOR WITJI AWKINIUH FRAHE ANO GUZEI> SllU'ITE~ ! ) l 02 0.9K X 2.l.H 8 OOl.>.R Ylllll At.UHllllU!t fl>A11E ANO Gl..QlfD SffllTTe~ f

! 03 0.811 x 2.4H 4 TEAK WOO!) FRAtlEWOl\K Willi fLUISH OOCft QST. I

i SD 0.9M X 2.411 2 TEAK WOOO Fl!At1£WOl!t:. Wint FLUSH OOOR OST.

' I WINDOWS j

l.9M X l.6SM ALllHINWtf GUottl> lll!ll0019.

i WI 15

l W2 1.211 X l.68H i

3 ALU:lllNllM WAU:I> llllllJOW.

i W3 5.0H X l.6SH 10 AW~Nll,JH GI.A.ZED WlllOO~.

I VENTILATORS

. VI 10.45H x 0. 9H I 6 IAlUHJlllllH GU.ZED LOUVEllED V!llTll.A~.

FIGURE-45

PICAL 400/220KV CONTROL ROOM

FIRST FLOOR MANUAL ON SUB STATION

LAYOUT $ DESIGN

':

..

·. i

@ 5 . 50

CABLE DUCT

. -- .. ; ..... ··----··-····- .- .... ·~···-· ____ _,.~ .......... --~···-..,.__ _______ _

" BAn-ERY

ROOM

UBR.AR.Y

@

_J_ 0

I ---.--@

50fl{l

• 70

PANTRY

-+--~@

LOBBY

AD INISTRAT VE

FFICE AREA

:.

GROUND 'FLOOR

SCHEDULE OF OPENINGS

TYPE SIZE NOS. DESCRIPTION

DOORS

ALUMINIUM OOOR WITH &ORMA BTS80 ~ UNIVERSAL

MD 2.2M X 2.4M FLOOR SPRIN~, DOUBLE DOOR WJnf MECHANICAL SACK C!-!E<:K, ttYORAlJUC HOU> OPEN OR DELAYED ACTION.

D 2.0M X 2.4M 2 OOOR WITH ALUMINIUM FRAME AND GLAZED SHUTTER.

DI f.Ztt X 2.4M 3 OOOR WITH ALUMINRJM FRAME ANO GLAZED SHUTTER.

DZ 0.9H X 2.4M 4 OOOR Wl!JH ALUMINIUM FRAME ANO GLAZED SHUTTER.

03 0.8M X 2.4M 5 TEAK WOOD FlW1EWOfU\ WllH FLUSH OOOR OST.

SD 0.9M X Z.4M 4 Tl!AK WOOi> FRAMEWORK WITH FLUSli DOOR OST.

RS Z.4M X 2.4M MS ROLLING SHUTTERS

WINDOWS

WI l.9M X l.68M 13 ALUMINIUM GLAZED WINOOW.

W3 l.5H X L68M 7 ALUMINIUM GlAZEO WINDOW.

VENTILATORS

VI 0.45H X 0.9M 7 ALUMINIUM GLAZEP LOUVER!;D VEMTILATORS.

FIGURE 4A

TYPICAL 400/220KV CONTROL ROOM

GROUND FLOOR MANUAL ON SUB STATION

LAYOUT ¢ DESIGN

·---------·--···~ --········-----------------------------------------------------------.-:A=PP::E:::-:N=D1~x--:1=11:-:r=a=-=rE=c::HN:::I::-CA:-:-L--=sP=E=c1=F:::IC:-:-A:::TI:::ON:-:--1 l 1 F'OR F'IRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

I I I \

I I

'

~ D I­D ~

~ z C> IO ru

------+D=3<r=1---....c<i-c::.?-l:Xl-C~ TRAN~f!IRMER/ 1~~~,;"'J,\'J.i,, . L ~CTOR TRANSF'DRHER. . -F-F-PH-8. -

TO TART 1

'Y-----+------. DG SET BUILDING

I -AIR· VESSEL

CONTROL ROOM BUILDING

v- PUMPHDUSE

LL I

DRAIN­OVERF'LOIJ

\./ATER STORAGE .I8NK

\./ATER STORAGE TANK

• 1. THE HYDRANT POINTS F'OR TRANSF'ORMER/ REACTOR SHALL BE LOCATED AT LEAST 20M AIJAY FROM THEM.

DIESEL TANK

2. AS SAFETY MEASURE, A 'WARNING PLATE SHALL BE PLACED NEAR HYDRANT POINTS FDR TRANSFORMER/ REACTOR TO CLEARLY INDICATE THAT \./ATER SHALL BE SPRAYED ONLY AFTER ENSURING THAT THE POW'ER TO THE TRANSFORMER/ REACTOR VHlCH IS ON f"IRE IS $'WITCHED Off AND THERE ARE NO LIVE PART \JITHIN 20 M. DISTANCE OF THE PERSONNEL USING THE HYDRANT.

TO DIESEL ENGINE.

TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT Of HV"1 SPRA y SYSTEM

LEGEND

i ALARM GATE VALVE NORMALLY OPEN

* GATE VALVE NORMALLY CLOS~D

* NON-RETURN VAL VE

* GLOBE VALVE NORMALLY OPEN

...... GLOBE VALVE NORMALLY CLOSED

~FLOAT OPERATED GATE VALVE

~ TEST VALVE:

® PRESSURE GAUGE ,J ·e PRESSURE SWITCH ';

@ LEVEL GAUGE

~ LEV£L SWITCH

~· BASKET STRAINER

FLOAT OPERATED LEVEL GAUGE

4l Y-TYPE STRAINER @ \ti ATER MOTOR GONG

D REDUCER

~ THREE \JAY COCK/ VAL VE y VENT

. J. DRAIN . y.

~ OUT DOOR HYDRANT

-[ INDOOR HYDRANT ·~ QUARTZOlD BULB DETECTOR ~ HV\/ SPRAY NOZZLE

@PUMP - \/ATER LINE gJ DELUGE VAL VE

FIGURE - 5

MANUAL ON SUBSTATION

CLA YOUT 8c DESIGN>

DETAILS Of HIGH VELOCITY 'vi ATER <HV\v')

SPRAY SYSTEM

NTS

t~ .

f,~ i,~ l . i~ I. I ~·

f= f'~~ ~ f~ J: ,,.. 2 ,...,

,.... '\.~ , .... , .... z f ' .... 1-,.... t'~ . t'·_.

:f :f MAINBUS.i MAfN8US

~ . ' .

(E) {G)

• }

. {J)

MAIN BUS

~~ ,.;. "--+ '--+

J.' '-+ '.'+ , ....

TR/l.NSfER SU$

, .....

i'~ i'~ i~ +-'\: .......... . ........

MAINBOS-1

........... y~ Lf~ ~.

~~ {~ t , ... , ..... , ....

,_,. 1'-+ \...+

... ,, ~

MAINBUS-2

t+0rr~~)1~ TRANSFSR +-./ SUS

'-:-+ ,.... ,.... ,..,, 1\-tr

LEGEND:~

TAANSFORMEP.

CIRCUlT BREAKER

lSOLATOR HCf3.

lSOlATO~ HOB

_.,.--1\~

NO'tfi:·OlHER l'ft;MS ~. g. C"f. PT. SA.CVf. <;C ETC NOT $Hl'..%'\ll't I

·---:·~-- j JSUB-SiATHJN MANt.iAL ! tBUS B1'.\R ARRANGEMf;NTS I IFiGURE - 6 { A TO K . I

~-~-·~----·:..--~-·-~

r \

11 ! i

' I

' i . ' ! i '

' l . I

I d i ! . I

=======================================================================================================================--------· ---------------- -··-·---·. ·------~-

gJ .

t ~ .... ......

' -· 15000 } l :i!!QQ J' C.L. . C:l.

ISOLATOR ISOLATOR

I "' I I I I ff 81 n g II I II I

'I<

81 f;:,i

0 /

/

FENCE 8000 .

MAIN BUS N0.1

/

(

FENCE

C.L. cl A'------G-EN_·_TR_A_N_S_,,....,.,,_ _______ RAIL rACK

l I 1 ,

l:iQ!lO * C.L.

T.RANSFOR MER BAY

I

w gw u u ·.o;:I-

Cl<( >-Cl 1-0 wz IL<(

J .

<( (/)

1 f r,;=i 15000 .. . 000

> .. C.L GENRATOR TRANSFORMER AND . NO 9 POTHEAD .

u 1Rf)(J( -.. '- v

\ II' . . . .

l.C.T. N0.1

u u

GENRATOR N0.10

u

2, I

l.C.T. N0.2

C.L C.L. C.T. BREAKER

SECTION E-E

10000

ROAD

·SECTION D-D

SECTION C-C

'-.... v

-P.T.

j

FE CE r SECTION 8-8

a a a ~

-GENERATOR

N0.11 LINE BAY N0.1

SECTION A-A

C.L. TRANSFER BUS

t STR-CTURE

12000 .

!

,I ' '-~-

.. .. - ..

01' I

' 8i lit

"'I

6500

C.L. LIGHTNING MAST

2 0 C.L. ISOLATOR lA

WAVE TRAP

C.L C.L. C.L C.V.T. LA

c.1...

NEUTRAL REACTOR

REACTOR

13 0 C.L C.L

MAIN BUS N0.1 MAIN BUS N0.2

C.L. BREAKER

SECTIONF-F

l!t"'=---r------'- TO 220 KV

.

.

C.L. C.V.T.

C.L MAIN BUS N0.1

·21000

..

J

u u

. '

2I00u

C.L. MAIN BUS N0.2

27000

LI - I."--.

'-

I • I

I I I .

fl I l

LC< C.L. C.L. ROAD BREAKER ISOLATOR

33000 ---

a a a

~ I -j

?Jru .

2700r

BUS COUPLER LINE BAY N0.2 GENERATOR N0.12

BUS GENERATOR N0.13 ' TRANSFER LINE BAY N0.3 LINE BAY N0.4

l •

77000

SPARE

.·

C.L. TRANSFER BUS

1 27000

IJ • I-

~ .::!!:

____.... ·: Cl : z

~ 0 I-<( :i::

' 0 Cl (I: ..... G.L.

.,..,,._,,,;..;;--.::.,.,

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS

(LAYOUT & DESIGN}

FIGURE- 7 (b)

DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS TYPE 420KVB!l 1550KVp _J

-1 ·-.~-:_"'~'°' 1 __ T ~lBNTS I

'.

.

I

.

-r

. !

i

SPACE PROVISION FOR ' MAltfi. SAY

'o0x30

.

I

I

FUTURE T1-3

~· I

I CJ •. -+---+ . - .......... -.

i;I I I

I '

~--~~-~-·~ ~ ----, - -~--, BILL OF MATERIAL

"----~-,·-''-'• ·"·'~- o. TY iTRML CONNR':° SLNO. \''.~.-,U;P:·iENTS RATING. . . ''TY>E O.TY . 1

CB i.WKV · 2000A. · 13 £ 78 24SKV .. i60M · .. 2 THM .. 12

2 !SO 4.2QKV .. 2000A .38 R (HCBl 24SKV 16'()'0A 2 .• E

. TMH 3 . ISO 420KV 3150A 2 0.MH 12 4 CT 420KV 2000A ~2 .R 42

245KV 1600A '6 E 47 .

TMH . 1'.2 5 CVT 420KV 8800PF 3 E 3

2451(V 6 TMH 6

6 CVT---420KV 4400PF 15 E 9 R 6

7 LA--196KV 198KV 6 TMH 6

8 LA--372KV(Zn0) 21 R 21

9 BPI-- 420KV 242 f 122 FOR 4"1PS.Al E 104

TUBE s 16

10 . WT-~ 420KV CLASS 3000A 4 2000A 2 TMH .

2000A 2 TMV

7.S im

I I

220 KV YARD !300x110)

TT-2

-· " . ·-

7.S 44.S S £

(typ _ITT (l'rl'J 'f.P'J tl'IP,

t1ti J1tl Mfi I

1 ·

I ! --· -

- ..

FUTURE TT-4

! a 10

),--.,....--~-~----'-~91,__ ____ --'------++--+-+t--"'"i....;">l-l I. '!t' "J • . .,

O.G. BU!LOJNG 14x22 I I

U~-11 (0.UAD CONDUCTOR!

BUS REACTOR SPARE

L I'

COMP. ROOM 10x10 I

FUTURE FUTURE LINE-I

-~=======t·~=======-====== .. ::::=======~--=-~~~·~---~_;_-·~,..._.,._;_~~-----~~--~~-. ..

NOTES;

QUAD 8£RSEMIS CONDUCTOl!S 't'l

r.- y B

1 .WAVE TRAPS MAY HAVE TO BE INSTALLED ON ANY TWO OF THE THREE PHASES IN THE LINE

2 All DIMENSIONS AP.£ IN METRES •

B

i Y4 · r:EACTOR

f

!FUTUR£J

* J

!FUTURE!

SUB-STATION MANUAL LOW LEVEL TYPE . BREAKER AND HALF BUS ARRANGEMENT 420KV /245KV BIL 1425KV /1050KV ·.

.

.

.·

I . · I

I : I f f

I I I I l ' ;

~HIS j\llU>ER FOR THIRD PHASE . IWITtl-OUT W,1,)

....

._.-------·-va· ol

10----11-.... ,, 220 KV YARIJ

27

i---.+-,,___,TWlll MOOSE ACSR

. C\L. OF RQAO

1

21 .

.75

VIEW X1-X1

7 7 C.l.

VIEW Y2-Y2 BUS-1

,.

FIGURE_.

,T <O

j_

TH£S£ EO.PTS. ARE FOR OTHER ENO f£EOER

. 9 ·I·-~

C.l, BUS-I

70

T . '

P.L G.L . ,., 0

(.l, BUS-B

·I NOT£:

t ~ OllEllSlOllS AR£ IN METRES 2. LIGllJHlllG M.UTS ARE NOT SHOWN IN

THE SECTIONS. : . 3. AU. STiill&lllG IS TWIN HOOS£ ACSR

EXCEl'T AS INOICA TEO

SUS-STATION MANUAL LOW LEVEL TYPE BREAKER AND 11Alf · BUS ARRANGEl1ElllT . 420KVn4SKV Bil 1425KV/1050KV

LEGEND STAGE-I.

STAGE-I! .·

PROPOSED.· FuluRE

t ..

. "-~-·-·----; ----~"

BUS REACTOR

\.LINE-I! LINE-I ) v . QUAD. CONDUCTOR

~i, ' .

'

!FUTURE) lFUTUREl

CONTROL ROOM

SUB-STATION MANUAL KEY DIAGRAM OF 420KV /245KV SUB ST A TIVN BREAKER ANO HALF SCHEME ..

' )

CBIP

A

B

c

D

E

F

H

I

. ··--·· -··-··--·---·· ---·---- --- ··-3·--··----·---- --···--··-·----;;.·----------·-- -·-. ·- - ..

10189f

""" J/J.,e' ,,,Xc

.......

" .. ~-· """ "'"" <111< K

.. "'"" ,,

UH£ t11£ UllE

I•

. ., 2CGCY tr.

r .,, ' i '

6 fUJ\i1£

U1IE

p'

"°"""­.,!QI.AS

EEJ--l!! 4l«:hl

···-·---·-·-r. ····- ....... .

Ullt UN£

B ...... -- . ····r·· 10

' I

flf'WB£ AotO (BUS Cll)Wl!S1'0ll>ff~f1

l1J1llR{

(ll'JS COUPl!:Rf2)

i1

.,,, 21GC'i' ¢ ... ...

' ' ' ' ' 6

I

_tP:I: 217Cr »­,,_ .,,

' ' ' ' ' 6

ii! ···---··i==----13-----==c-·----.----·,.-··- ·- .. ··--- ·- .... - 16 16

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

_J J

flGURE 8 D (SHEET 1 OF 6)

K K

L

1 2 • 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

MANUAL ON· SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT &DESIGN)

SLD FOR BREAKER AND HALF SCHEME.

400/220KV SUBSTATION

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM . - 400/220 KV SYSTEM 1--------------------------iL

15

6

CB1P " 4

6-7000

18100 7000 7000 6500 A

.I

I

s

c

D

"

F

G

H

1

J

I

K l·

1 2 4 6

7 8

8500 5500 6000 7000

~ ... ~--..... ~­

I i-"'2-1

8 ' it r 0 v.wf · ROAD

275500

I

I

~ P'

~ ~·

9

61000

45690

CONTROL BUILDING

I r l2"'--_ --+--'----_ -· --'_ h _ - -+-- --· -- --. -

' 3750 WID£ ROAO I )!---

7 8 9 10

oo>'<

-. ---11----·-~-- ·----,1"2,_-----,------,,,,a.-------r------~,~4------,--------,~6~----~·---'----,-6-·-----

158500

54500 32000 1000 vooo eooo 5000

101500 3000

~ l •• ,. MJ. DIMENSIONS t.RE IN IM.UMEmE UNl.!SS OlHERVltSE' Sf'EQFlEO,

~~·- lH£ P.ARAM£!£FS F(Wl: Mli'Ctt 1'}1£ SY'S'l'iU 1$ OEPEN~T roR Mi;: :-

"1) S'tSTEll VOl..tAGE{A'MS) - ·~v 24SKV 12.~v b) UCMtN!NC IUPVlSG M'JNSt#IHC> VOlTAC&(XW) - 1425 tOSO c) S-1'.cHNC: IMPt1l5t MDtSTAHD mTA«Qr\'P} - 1050 ~} POWER ffl£Ql1£HC'f lttTHSTAND VOLTAGE(RMS) - eJO<V -fSOKV 140!'(\I .,) MAX. fAUt.T U'.V£l - t'f.:'.R t SEO. 0C4 40KA 2SKA

3.~. Mm!UaM Cl.£ARAKC£ ; -o} PHAS£ W f1fftSt: - {IN t.a!) 4000 2'400 ~ :>} PHASE TO EMm - (IN Mll) ~ 2t00 l5JO '

o} SECWQNAt. ~ - (IM MM) ""° !SOOD' 3~ d} CROON() ~ - ~M{MINIMl/M) 8000 S500 ~

4..... - Pfi:ESE!tl SC0P£ --~---~-----~- ...... rvrum: $C()('E .

$..... TI-lfS ORA.MNC S!MU. BE R£AD 'MTJJ tlECTRfCH. t.AYOOT '4CIOKV WBS'fATIOfl. SECT!ONS, FOR El€fM.ED U.YOUT OF iWTO-TRAHSftf{UER

. ANO n"S ste~ 4-4 ro T-T

Gm -«X!KV MAIN BUS - QUAD MOOSE NII) Ml:otJARY BOS.- 'n'llH-_WOOSE .\CSR COHD. EQU'PM£HT INTmc<lNHECJIOH ~ 4'" Al.. lUBE (00- H4.2mM. 1£1- 9-7.iBmtn) EARTH Wlm - ~0.9*nm G.S V!IRE, AU. ~y .M.CK BUS/~ ACSR T'8H M00St. "®mm SUSCONOUCTOR S1'AttNC.

FIGURE 8 D (SHEET 2 Of' 6)

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (lAYOUT & DESIGN

BREAKER AND HALf SCHEME, WITH SINGLE PHASE AUTOTRANSFORMER (AUXILIARY BUS ARRANGEMENT)

420 kV, BIL 142~ kVp

A

8

c

D

E

F

G

H

I

ELECTRICAL LAYOUT 400KV SUBSTATION - ·PLAN

1--~...,..~...,..~---~...,.....,.....,..~---~~---~~-,-~-'--,-lL 'SCAU:

· '.Hts

·~ /

A

s

c

D

F

G

H

·. _./

J .

K

g 0 ·~

1

a id'

i i i Si .., .,;

3 4

4

5 6

... o.

""

7 8.

~ ~ "' ~

SECTION

SECTION

. •

j. <': . ..,

I

9

@-@

: ®-®

11 12 13

.

14 15

~~---~-r·--r-·--'-.__.., ..... ______ . ---· ~ '

8 .... ' g

-----~ ~

16

A

B

D

E

F

G

..---------------------.:.----__;..--T------~1::::::-V<REc-,-TYP-l----------r---------~---·-_,.....----,,-----------

t

--------------!I------

·-r I l~-.-u-x ,_I m-c;·--,_, ~·w.m MOOSE

oR . !a •. 7000 7000 6500 '

• j

5

GL RL(+)89.0M

.. cu} '

74000

M .M--. ~~-~.- ··---··~~

7

------····-t==~

8

GL RL + 91.0M I •

. "1 ·o

"' "'

61000

SECTION • •· @- ©

9·

5<500

10 t1 12 13

.--· ....... ---.-----------

14

I Pl .

:C Gl

.!Im 1.. Atl D!llENSIONS AllE IN MIWllElllE UNLESS 01ll£RWISE SPEC!flEI>. 2. .. Gl : GROOND l.£\£L., Pl:.· PUN.1H I.El/EL

3. .. UNl.ESS OlHERll!SE 51'£Clf1EO ALL EQUIPMENT COOl<EC110NS Afl£ 'll1ll 4• Elf JPS ALUMmlUM lUBE.

FIGURE 80 (SHEET 3. OF 6)

H

I

J

r--------------------IK MANUAL ON SUBStATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

. BREAKER AN!> HALF SCHEME, WITH SINGLE PHASE AUTOTRANSf'ORlilER (AUX1UARY aus ARRANGEMENT)

420 kV, BIL 1425kVp .

ELECTRICAL LAYOUT 400KY SUBSTATION - SECTIONS 1---------------------tl ! SCAL£

15

I HIS

1 '' .--~, --'-~" ,. --~16,-·-~ ... ,

A

B

c

"

E

F

t ~ --

G

H

I

--·- .. ··_··_··-·-~·c_.·_··-· -··-• · __ _, _____ ;;:;4 _____ ...._ ___ ~_;:;S ___ .. ..,·._·_"_..·_·· -----· "--6-----~----·-·_· 7_·· ·_·- ·- ·- ··-· _ .. _ .... _ .. _._;·1_··_·· ----··-··_,,;,_·_· ·_···_·_· ·-·-··· __ ·y~·-· _··-··-··-··_·_··-· -"-"-------'------'''-""-----L----,...,-2.Z.,. --''------"''"'----· _·_··_-_-_·_,· _____ ··"',;,,_-_· ____ ·_,.·r_·_·_··_· .. ----·---·· 14- ___ .. _ .. ___ .c__::_· _··_· _--_-_·--·~!;"_ .. _. _··_··_· ._ .. _ ... _ .. _~ ____ 16_· ---~

. L ... 1'/1.i ... ---r ----------- ~'--~-----~-• --.

' 0

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""' """" I .,

0 l ' ill I I ' ~'' . ·~==--------,---T-------r----------------------------~

~....., _________ _..,... ------~

~ ~-J~ I .

1:i--·-FOR PHASE --l : I \ I I ' ~ -'----

'"'" ' w/o wr ' I I

I ' '· ' / ' I I I

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.· MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT,&: DESIGN)

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NOTES: 1 - ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

2- MINIMUM CLEARANCES:

o) BETWEEN PHASES

b) BETWEEN PHASE TO EARTH c) SECTONAL CLEARENCE

. d) VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN LOWEST

4000MM.

3500MM 6500MM 2550MM

PART OF THE INSULATOR AND PLINTH LEVEL

3- THE PARAMETERS FOR WHICH THE SY?TEM IS DESIGNED ARE:

a) SYSTEM VOLTAGE 420kV (RMS) 400KV

b) UGHTN!NG IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE : ±1550kVP (DRY & WET)

c) SWITCHING IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE : +1050kVP (DRY & WET) ·

d) POWER FREQUENCY WITHSTAND VOLTAGE : 630kV(rms) . (DRY & WET) · .

e) MINIMUM CREEPAGE DISTANCE : 25MM/kV(10500mm)

40kA/1 Sec_ f) MAXIMUM FAULT LEVEL :

4- LINE TRAP POSITIONS SHOWN IN THE LAYOUT ARE INDICATIVE ONLY, FINAL LOCA TlON Will BE DECIOED BASED ON PLCC REQUIREMENT.

5- PLINTH HEIGHT Of FOUNDATION Will BE +300MM FROM THE FINISHED GROUND LEVEL GRAVEL TOP LEVEL WILL BE +100MM FROM THE F.G.L.

6- CONNECTION TYPES }OOKV SWITCHYARD LEVEL FROM PLINTH CONDUCTOR TYPE

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c) JACK BUS

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4000 KG/PHASE

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Figure- 8 (e)

LAYOUT DRAWING - 400 KV /I-TYPE/24M BAY WIDTH (ONE AND HALF BREAKER SCHEME)

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1321\V'fMISFERl!US -------132kY&SOt.ATOR ----------

-------f32KVGWJRY&CT - ---- --· 132KVISOL\TOR

------------- - ---- ---- --- 132KVca:urt8A61rlaR.

~ .,

= = = = = = = = = = = -·m=+--+-+--+-+-+--·,,_ '1 --+I -l- , \ ' l I' '-~ I ~ '· I 8:

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T I l 132 KVMAN BUS-f _..,.... ___ --- - ------

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~-Z!OlV ISCl.ATOR

II,,. ... """"". er -I ZIOl\V l60IJllllR. Pl

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~ 220KVlSOt.ATOR

·r

~ 2201\VGNftRY - ......

~

220RVlWtaw.R --

~ S'AIGNOR'f&

e

~ """31KY""'1< -

FIGURE-98

220/132/33KV SUBSTATION WIJHMA!N ANO TRANSFER BUS BARS

HAVING PROVISION.FOR

CONVERSION TODODBLE MAIN ANO

•TRANSFER suss~~·r · BAY WIDTH: 15M(220KV), 9.6M(132KV)'& 4.8M(33KV}

.. (PLAN & ELEVATIONf

SCALE: NTS

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·see Enlarge View as annexufe 9C(~)

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ENLARGE VIEW OF SINGLE LINE LAYOUT DRAWING OF 220 KV-16 BAY WIDTH .

(

· 11 500

awN SUS I J ---• y B

.j! I aooo .... I eooo

SECTIQN D-D (BUS COUPLER}

"""" ~ ~ Ii. i Ii. ~ ~ Ii. ~ ~ 'l$(k. :sni: er ElP>! mim m ~ fAA'P. ~. sm ~~

, SECTIQN . B-B (TRANSFER BUS COIJ.P~R)

1'nf A(*8: llOCS8 . ,

t ...

-----~-- - ·-v. ,,.,.._..,. WAEf BUS I I · 1Wlf IR$ I II ~ \.__ ..... """" ..,.,. QU'ilt .ICSlt 1IO(S _""" ...... R Y · 0 • ' • R T &

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S1lt 8PI TMI> ISIOt. BPI . S1R l$OL

-----R · Y :&·

t t t -t Ii. 111'1 (~) C8 S!R TNI> ""'-

SECTION ' c-c (ICT BAY)

M&DI BUS I I _ .... _ R y· 8

8 OOll..U-. ~ . ' . • 5GG 1·· , ~ . ,, li:n f,. !SOOD- I ·®OQ 1UPOl.0012"ol2$oo J «M>O. I «IQO I -. - - - - -- - - ,___,.. IDQD -

M 1w1 eooo f :t;: J . :4000 I -4000 J «KIO' I 4000 I

-6

.... •f.. t·· t , I!, .. ', -.. , t , t t 't :\it, -.. · cvr. wr SIR 8PI TMO tsJ?.. .. srR 1SCt. ~-j0'. ~

SECTION A_..;.A (IJNE BAY)

7 , 8

,

,

I

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l Slli

TO iCT 9AY

_/

....

.

, t ...

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1- ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

2- MINIMUM CLEARANCE : ·

a) BETWEEN PHASES b) BETWEEN PHASE TO EARTH c) SECTONAL CLEARENCE d) VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN LOWEST

PART OF THE. INSULATOR AN.D PLINTH LEVEL

2100MM 2100MM 5000MM 2550MM

3- ·THE PARAMETERS FOR WHICH. THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED ARE:

a) SYSTEM VOLTAGE (RMS) 220KV·

- , ' ;

·.,

-----•'·--··-- ----b) {;IGH-TNING-lMPU!::SE·"'WITHS"TANEl-'-V01:-TA6t••-;-·rl@Sek-VP ·····

c) SWITCHING IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE.:

d) POWER FREQUENCY wriHST ANO VOLT AGE

e) MlN!MUM CREEP AGE DISTANCE : f) MAXIMUM FAULT LEVEL :

NA

460kV(rms)

25MM/kV(6125mm) . 40kA/1 Sec.

4- LINE TRAP POSITIONS SHOWN IN THE LAYOUT ARE INDICATIVE ONLY, FINAL LOCATION WILL BE DECIDED BASED ON. PLCC REQUIREME!"'T.

5- PLINTH HEIGHT OF FOUNDATION Will BE +300MM FROM THE FINISHED GROUNb LEVEL GRAvt:L TOP LEVEL WILL BE +100MM FROM THE F~G.L;

5..;_ CONNECTION TYPES . 220KV SW!TCHYARD

o) MAIN BUS I &II

b) TRANSFER BUS

c) JACK SUS

d) EQUIP. TO EQUIP.

e) DROPPERS

LEVEL FROM PLINTH ·

+11700MM

+11700MM

+16200MM

+5900MM

CONDUCTOR TYPE

QUAD .ACSR. MOOSE TWIN ACSR MOOSE .

TWIN, ACSR MOOSE 4" lPS. AL TUBE

TWIN ACSR MOOSE

7- . STATIC CONDUCTOR TENSION ( AT 0 DEG. C ):

a) MAIN ElUS· l &ll 1000 KG/CONDUCTOR (48M SPAN)

b) TRANSFER BUS 1000 kG/CONDUCJOR (48M SPAN) ·, .·.

c) JACK BUS · 2000 KG/CONDUCTOR {66~ SPAN) .. ",!;._;:·

·•· 8,..: .'f:OWER;BASE DETAILS:

~)<(~~IJUOINAL FACE , , · •.• b) TR~NSVERSE , FACE

3500 MM (B/B) ·. .2500 MM (B/B) .. ·- ''•", .. _, ___ :.. . .

9--(;_\~6JtR;~:g1@gt:J,?tON: 1500 MM (B/B) x 1200 MM (B/B) .· ... :· .. · . ,.- .

'10

Fig~9(c)

LAYOUT DRAWING - 220 KV /l6M BAY WIDTH (DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFERSCHEMF;) .·

LOW LEVELTYPE

.BIL- LI lOSOKVp

, MANUAL'O~'stJBSTATION LAYout&[)ESIGN, ·- . . ' - .. , .. '• _, - - -

12

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ELABORAJ:°E VIEW OF SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 220 KV /16M BAY WIDTH (DOUBLE MAIN TRANSFER SCHEME) LOW 4EVEL TYPE

7 8 9 10 1 1

.................. --­...........

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NOTE: THIS IS A PART -<OF FIGURE 9(c)

12

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R Y 6

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4--- ,__ _____ -----------r--------1- ------------·----- __ ;_.._ L..... f...-'-----·---L-- ... ---------------- __ ,_:_ ______ , ?-----

; ' SCREEN (M') I

CL Of ROAD AND RAfL TAACK FJRE PROTgGTION

/ WALL 7200 H[~H

·-~--~-fi.~il~r .. ··-·::::=--.... -==m ... < · ·

____ ,_

: '/ CL OF LIGHTNING A~ l::7e~

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--- - - \-~,, ---- - - - - ---:,- - - - <1"1==11="11> - - hw!""""""'lfl'l'r -~ - - - -+-'--f--<i!'',_i!=ffo-"- CL CIRCUIT BREAKE0 / "'

-.----t-------1--):!.:...._;-~-- r---------·-· -----_ CL.• F PA -{H (2000 WIOE)

·'--

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-< BUS-II

-< BUS-1

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rr . q

To~o , CL OF CURREN TRANSF

CL;OF cemRE BREAK _ISOl.ATOR\llllTH EARTH~ ~CH

! ! ! ! ! ! ii ii ! ,, ! ! !! I ,1-i-r i i

-.... / i· '- / . J '\. / -.. ,. I_ '\. / I '- ,. I I _'\. /

~#A,Y-1 -r /BA~~ -r ~AY-3 ! B~Y~ ! BA~~, ! . BAY~ ·v ? 1 ,, .... 1 BAY-a/ ... 1 1 / , ~·1~1~1~1~1~1 ' ·~· ' T~RMER-t TRANSFORMER-2 TRANSFORMER-3 TRAmFORMER-4 IRA.NSFORMER..s TRANsFOR~ER.s S'f.Y-7 I FeeOER-2 j '*"'

SIMJi.l"R'TOBAY-15 SIMILARTOBAV-15 SIMILARTOBAY-15 SIMILARTOBAY-15 SIM1LART08AY-15 SIMILARTOBAY-15 BUS~CTION-1 SIMILARTQBAY-11 eusstcnOf'f.2 ~ . .

-~::-_., d

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: , / ~ R y ,e r,, : _ • ,. : , /: . , ,,: I /'- l /'I /'-I /'-I ''I 1 1 1 SAY-12 1 Bl\_¥.13 1 BAY-14 1

I - -BAY-10 j I REGULATING I REGlllA.TlNG I REGULATING I AUXILIARY BAY-11 TRANSFORME~-1 TRA.NSFORMER-2 TRANSFORMER-3

TRANSFORMER-2 tNCOMrNG FEEOER·3 SIMILAR TO BAY-1S SIMILAR TO BAY-15 SIMILARTOBAY-15

' ', / '

BAY-15 REGUlATil'!G

TRANSF"ORMER-4

Cl..OFVOLTAGC TRANSF

CL OF LIGHTNING- ARREST:~

' ; ,,

NOTE FIGURE-10A

~n ,,,..;- r.-~ ~•-•

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SINGLE LINE .DIAGRAM ·,SV-,ST~lil.'.?2CKV: ~~ o:.otiC:, 12WJI., l!J:WllVA NEUTRAL EAR'PtfO

• -• 1 ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM IF NOT INDICATED

OTHERWISE 2 SECTIONAL FIGURES ARE GIVEN AT SHEET OF THIS

DRAWING 3 INDICATE VERTICAL DOWN RUN OF EARTH WIRE

ALONG THE STRUCTURE

4 POST INSULATOR STRUCTURES SHALL HAVE PROVISION FOR FITTING SCREEN

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN}

DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT LOW LEVEL TYPE

245KV, . BIL 1050KVp SCALE:

SHEEf1 OF2 NTS

r-!

I FEEDER I FEEOER II BUS· COUPLER INCOMING-1 • INCOMING-2 INCOMING-3 INCOMING-4 · (TO l<HODRI} (TO RISHIKESH)

L--~~~~~~~~-,-~~------~-----.-~~~~----------...--------------1_2~4_.~(T_O~TA_L_LE_~_G_TH_O_F_s_Wl_T_CH_Y_AR_D~)--..-----------------------------------~-----------------+ 1.____ A I.____-B

BUS-I

I ! I }-----

~' i t ~ l d

ti'\ .l

BUS·1 .EARTH WIRE

TORISHIK SH

3

~~-jf~ 4 2.5 4 0: 4

. UJ

j 6.5 l~ 16 26.5

SECTION A-A (FEEDER BAY)

220KV CABLES FROM UNDER GROUND POWER HOUSE

/. \

BUS-II ------~--+-------'-----_..._----"'---_..._

u SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

BUS-1

I I

I . 2

4 3.S 4 2.5

16 6.5 28.25

PLAN

BUS FOR SPARE CABLE .

FENCING

I .

, •J , .,

BUS-1

4 4 4

H 0.43

1.s 1 4

SECTION B-8 (BUS COUPLER BAY) 27.5

CLEARANCES .

. 1. SAFElY CLEARANCE

SECTION GROUND. CLEARANCE CLEARANCE

4.94M 2.44M

Z. MINIMUM CLEARANCES ADOPT.ED FOR 1050 <KV)

(CREST) IMPULSE \llllTHSTAND VOLTAGE

PHASE TO PHASE

PHASE TO EARTH

2.33& M 2.007 M

SECTION C-C (INCOMING BAY)

1 CB 2 ISO 3 ISO WITH E/S . 4 CT 5 PT.

6 COUPLING CAPACITOR . 7 .WAVE TRAP 8 LA

. 9 Pl . 10 INVERTED Pl

EARTH WIRE OF 719 S. W.G.

BUS FOR .SPARE CABLE

TRANSFORMER N0.4

SECTIOND-D {LIGHTNING ARRESTER ~JOT SHOWN)

·NOTE:

1. REFERENCE GROUND LEVEL 554.85 2. THE MAIN BUSES ARE OF ALLALLUMINUM 0.75

SQ. INCH COPPER EQUIVALENT, TARANTULA CONDUCTOR. ALL THE JUMPERS ARE OF ACSR 0.4 SQ. INCH DEER CONDUCTOR EXCEPT FOR BUS COUPLER BAY WHERE THESE WILL BE OF TARANTULA. BUS FOR SPARE CABLE SHALL BE OF DEER CONDUCTOR.

(All DIMENSIONS ARE IN METRES UNLESS MENTIONED OTHERWISE)

FIGURE-108 ·------·---·

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT (HIGH LEVEL TYPE) 245KV, BIL 1050 KVp

SCALE:

SHEET 1 OF 1 NTS

I 1 i l

------. __ _:__'..]

. - .:··.

GRAVEL . !.fVEl·

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. 'SHlU.OING WIRE {l/S SWc) . . . . .

.. BUS,-( .··

.... 5000 .. -.

.BUS""..11 y

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. . . . 5000.

. . . .

· · PAL"ruaulAR c~D:Ool.6: o;oy ..

. ,•. . . . . . : . . ..

FIRE PROTECTION . . . &lllD.1...11-,.......t-WAll .. ~~o.•

. (ZEBRA)

of .. C> ... ·en ::i:• Ni~·

..... 0... . . o'w . . ·::~!~0:-< .

·9500 9085

vtooo ·. __ : .. :·i:Cll:: .. ;._;·::='i-CT·: "'_ri £·,.sA.·· TRANSF-Ol&-ER -;i<------,-'--....._ ___ _..;..~---'----.;__----'--'--'-_:;_-'--,-'---::--:...::..::.::.-___ -'-_-.,.. ___ ...;._~-=--=-==:...-,~_:.;;__,..;...~,...;....--,---,..,..-,-....,.,..--'*"

··,· ...... ;

.. •STRUCTURE · . £ . PI REGULATIN.G TRANSFORMEii° CIRCUIT .. .. SECTION ... ;;..A~A:. · ....

. .

.,...... ____ ... _ ... _..,.....,._~--~.:-~---·-------~"---..--.,. '"" .. ,... _ _...,---._,..'"':'-__._ .. ~~,..,....~-. ~ . ..,.. .. , "'°' .. :-. ,..._ ........... ---.,.,,,..,., ---------_..,.---------· ·-:-. ----...... ---.-_-.....__ ______ _..._ -.~-_..· .-:-..... ·· . " . . . .. . . . . $H1a01t:JG WIRE .. (7/B S~~) .. (lYPlcAL)

GRAVEL l£VEL

116.41.4

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(MOOSE) .. 1WIN !

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. ' ·.

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. BUS ·SECTION BAY . · SECTION. "'"D~D· ··. .·. . ........ " ·.·

. ... ,.

FFl 1,16.5"' ..

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STRUCTURE.

·. · ... ·.·

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... • . , t

. 49000' .

AUX~ .TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT .. SECTION ~c~c

..... · ..

.. ...:..~--·--' ......... -.;..... __

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SEE NOTE-2

9500 7000

4000.

5640 .

··£TRANSFORMER'

NOTES!-. 1. SHiEtO WJRE STRUCluRE Cl.AMP .. SHAl..l 8£ ;iT 1 M INTERVAL 2. THE FOUNDATION OF. LIGHTNING AARAsTERS SHAU. . f3E MADE .

FLUSH <WITH THE RAIL. TAACK TO FAClUTAlE THE EASY . REMOVAL Of THE AUX. TRmSfORMER . · .· .

J. All, Dl~ENSIONS ARE IN MM IF NOT INDICATE{) OTH~ISE:

. .8·. ·in ~.

ffl t16.5M

flGURE-10A

MANUALON SUBSTATIONS . · ... _(LAYOUT & DESIGN}

·.DOUBLE BUS. ARRANGEMENT -· LOW LEVEL TYPE

245KV . BIL· 1050KV SCAl.E;

·.·. SHEET20f 2 . . NTS

ir- '-"------·--·-------------------------------------------------........;.--------------------------------------------~ i' 1 j I I

h n II ' . ) ~

l j

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SECTIONX·X (LINE BAY)

,.,..__.,.. _______ --- -. - -- .... --------

8

SECTION Y·Y (TRANSFORMER BAY)

-------

SECTION Y'-Y'ITRANFORMER BAY)

SECTION Z-Z (BUS COUPLERBAY}

" It•

~ I f IM I I l"'I I I I U I

. ! I fl.,.i. . ............ .... .-.....-- .... ~--

SINGLE UNE DIAGRAM

LfGEHO t. ClRGUITSREAKER 2.ISOlATOR 3. CURRENTTRANSFORMER 4. WAVE. TRAP $.(()UPI.ING CAPACITOR 'MlHPOTetmAl. TIWfSF(lftMSR

&.tXlm'NING~

7. FOTEtmAI. llWfSFORMER 8. POOT INSUf.ATOR

NOTE

1. REl'\ACE 11\E SE¢1100 Y·Y wrm SECOON Y'<t YtllEHANISOLAtORISTOBCPROVIOEOaeTWEEHM

· TRAASF~ANC~BREAKmlN lME TIWl$FOPJISR¢RCU'(

2. AU. ONENSiclfis.AAS IH MM. 3. EQUIPMENT SPA<:ING INTHE DRA\Wf3S ARE ~OON OW

PRACTICE OF NOOtmNGlliE EQl.llPNEHT (e.g. LA. MOC&. OT «c.) . · lllRECllYOO FOUNOAllOH wmt ~MOUNO!f.llf ORAWING·

EQIJ!PMEllTSAAE MOUMl'EDON SJRUCiURI: AlroSCA(at IS • REMOVEO/!S~PRESENTPAACnee.

'IHEREfORE,INTEREOOli'Malr SPACmG

CAN ftJltl'Hal Bf OPmtlSE.O BYusER

FIGURE-11

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT {LOW LEVEL TYPE) 245 KV, BIL 1050 KVp ·

SCALE: SHEEi1 OF1

NTS

""-t•· ES

GCS

-t•· ES ·O i . ..._.,. ES

. ~ s· 9

1600A

16QOA l 6l·1)A 1 GOOA

r~4 l\s· 9

L .. ,.., VT I• LA "'\-1 ..

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CT

GCS

c;T

i>C8 GCS

'-II• ES ~"ES (]OS\ ::

~ca GAS.CIBCUIT BREAKER OS ISOLATOR ES EARTHING SWl'l"CH CT CURRENT TRANSFORt..t(R VT VOLTAGE TRAHSFORMfR u- LIGHTNING ARRESTE 0R CH CABLE HEAD · S' 9 GA'S="A IR BUSH I NG j

VT (8 PHASE I ·

.,,_.._ ES

VT tB PHASE!

L. t~ +·· -..\I•

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4

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FIGURE-12A

c....:..:.J

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C B ~ ;.""

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4200 ' I A

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5500 . j 360 ± 0 4 140

1500

Tr. _.__....._..-.,..

10400

.) HOOK (5 t)

650 100

VIEW A•A

10400

VIEW .F-F

0 0 0 OJ

0 0

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FIGURE·12B

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10400

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r. x

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45500·

SECTION X-X (LINE BAY)

·+---~------------------- -·

t I I

~1 ' I

SECTION Y-Y {TRANSFORMER BAY)

------------·-.-----· -

. SECTION Z-Z (BUS COUPLER BAY)

I I I

I

' I I

I ' I ' I

' .

NOTE

i•

Tr-1•·

jf jf jf jf TRANSFER BUS

. I jf jf jf

MAIN BUS

'I !•

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

LEGEND

1.CIRCUIT BREAKER 2.ISOLATOR

3. CURRENT TRANSFORMER

4.WAVETRAP

5. LIGHTNING ARRESTER 6. COUPLING CAPACITOR WITH POTENTIAL QB/ICE 7. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

·. FIGURE-13

. MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS ·(LAYOUT &DESIGN)

.MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT (HIGH LEVEL TYPE)

245 KV B,IL 1050 KVp

SHEET1 OF1 NTS

------------~-..,.--------C.:.---,--__:._------'---~--- ·--

r·------~~------___ ..,_.., ____ ~_ ______ ___.

. I

r I

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I I I

l I I I I I I I I r I I

- I I I I I I I . -""'

oon• 4500 4500 mnm 000 4500 4500 moo 4500 ~000 4500 ""Ill .iOOO 4500 1.anflll! 4~nn ···~ m 000 .,

17 00 17 00 . ,

1 000 ..

1~ lOO I. . '

SECTION AT L·L

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I I I ' I I I

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17 no 6000 ~L 6300 ,,. 8500 t

l .... I i · ' . I I

9000 L 10000 1

SECTION AT X-X (LINE BAY)

L '

MJOO 4500 4500 . 551)1) I

' ·~ ) . I

\I '\ ' ' /

I !

i I ; !

SECTION AT Y·Y( TRANSFORMER BAY)

-K--__ . -------1--'-·-~---------'--~---1 -!.

~ t • I C2l. . t4500 t4500 " . . I .I ' I Al\M. 4500' 4500 ~ ~ I 1,__,~ . I --.... I I I I

' ' Ir-- ' I . ' I \ \, I I !) I I \ ' I

/ ../ ' I l / ! I I ~~ -I I ' ' I ., • ' I I I I I • "' .,l!!!i I '

I I I • I I i r I .

I I ' I I . I I

.

1™"Vl I, 10000 7000 I 4000 .6000 6300 4500 '~

., ., 47800 1500 .,

SECTION AT Z·Z (BUS COUPLER}

. ~·

'

TRANSFER· . BUS.

MAIN BUS

1-E:~, ..

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

NOTE

1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM • 2, EQUIPMENT SPACING !N THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OLO

PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA, MOCB, CT etc.) DIRECTLY ON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AROUND IT. IN.DRAWING EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN IS REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE; THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER.

FIGURE-14

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS . (LAYOUT& DESIGN)

,/~R (LOW LEVEL TYPE)

245kV, BIL 1050kV ·

. SHEET1 OF1 SCA~E;

NTS

. ··- ;-·- --·-.·-·r _,·,,~-,------····· ,_; ..

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SECTION Y·Y (TRANSFORMER BAY) ' .

L.EGStO i. Ci1RQ11f~ :1.1$(11.Al'(lft $.QJ!ftHT~

A.WAVETIW' $.COUMIGCAPAQIORV>m!POOEllIW.llEVlCE t!.UGHllO!lliMRESW< 7.1'()$'f'IN$1UToR

B.l'OtamM. ~

SECTION Y4-Y'{TRANSFOA:MER BAY}

!

SINGAL LINE DIAGRAM'.

245 KV, BIL 1000 l\Vp 1,-... __ _,,,. ______ ,.......,~---;1.

__ _:r_::_ __ ~~-J

I I

\

\

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----- .,, '------····----------····------·--· ······-----··-··----··-·-····-·--· --··- -----·--- -·--~~···· -- -··-- ............. ------------.. -· .. ·-------- ...... -----·------.. -----·--··---·--.. ---.----

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SECTION X·X (LINE BAY)

SECTION AT Y·Y (TRANSFORMER BAY)

4tl00

SECTION AT Y'·Y' (TRANSFORMER BAY}

I J

$ '

L

~

I~ ~ 450() 4000 I l I

SECTION ATZ·Z

NOTE

l @ . SINGLE LlNt DIAGRAM

LEG£ND . t CIRQJIT llREAK£R 2.ISOlATOR 3. CURRENT'TRAASFORMER 4. POST IHSUl.ATOR 5. l.IGHINlNG ARRE.STER

6. POTENTIAL lRANSFORMER 7. WAW. TRAP a COUPLING CAPACITOR WITH POTEHTW. DEVICE

1. REP1.ACE lHE SECTIOtf'{.y Ytmi SECTION Y'·Y' WHEN AH ISOIAlORlS BE PRGvlosl> 8ElWEEH lMe lPANSFORMER AHO CIR¢UIT BRl!Al<ER IN lHE lRANSf'-ORMERQRCUll'

2.ALL~AAEINMM. 3. EQUIPMEHT SPACING Iii lHE DRAWINGS AAS 8AS1!D OltOl.O ..

PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE lQIJIPMeNT {e.g. IA MOC8, CT tll:.l DJReen.YOHFOllHQl\TIONW!tffSCREEHAROUNOIT.IHDRAWIRG EQUIPMENTSMEMOUMIEO OHSlRUCTUREAHOSCREEN IS REMOVED NS l'ER PRE$Elff PAACTICi!. lHSW'ORE.llfl'SEQUIPMENTSPACIHG CAN RllUl£RBEOPTIM!$E08YUSER. .

F1GURE·16

MANUAL ON SUBsTATIONS (l.AYOUT & DESIGN)

SINGLE BUS ARRANGMENT (LOW LEVEL TYPf!)

245 KV. Bii. 1050 KVp

NTS '--------~-·-w~-----,·-·-----------~----........:.-----------------------:..._-------------------------:-----.L----L---------'-----"

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. - -- -' f\ 0

~ ~ = '

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.SECTlON Y-Y (TRANSFORMER BAY) L

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I .

·4000 3000 7000 31800

SECTION Z-Z (BUS COUPLEfil

~

= ,., -

·'"'-----

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= ~.

~

~]-; ..

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SINGLE LINE DIA.GRAM .. ·

LEGEND: 1. CIRCUff BREAKER

... .• .. ' . .. · -···· ·~2;l&ll.ATOR

3. CURRENT TRANSFORMER· 4.WAVE'!RAP 5. COUPLING CAPACITOR WITH POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

NOTE:

6. UGHlNING ARRESTER 7. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER . 8.POSTINSUIATOR

1. REPLACE THE SECTION Y-Y WITH SECTION Y'-Y' WHEN AN ISOLATOR IS TO BE PROVIDED BElWEEN THE TRANSFORMER AND CIRCUIT BREMER IN THE TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT .

2. Ail. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED QN OLD · PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA, MOCB, GT etc.) DlRECTl YON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN MOUND IT. IN DRAWING .

EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUC11JRE AND SCREEN 1S

REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE.

THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING

CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER.

FIGURE-18

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT{LOWLEVEL TYPE} .· .145 KV ,BIL 650 KVp

.. SCALE:.

SHEET1 OF1 NTS.

_·,'

L

•·

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SECTION AT l-L

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NOTE

1. REPl,ACE SECTION Y-Y WITH SECTION Y'-Y' ~EN AN ISOLATOR IS TO BE PROVIDED BETWEEN THE TRANSFORMER ANO.CIRCUIT BREAKER IN THE TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT.

. 2. All DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OLD .. PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT {e.g. LA. MOCB, CT etc.) DIRECTLY ON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AAOUNOIT. IN DRAWING EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN 1$ REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE. THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING

.. CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER.

L

0

~

..,

5000

I I

i

2100 2700

' "\. 1

1 1 '1 361!00

11000

SECTION AT X-X (LINE BAY)

.... -......... --.........

I 4000 4000

6

11000

-

~

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SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

--......... .... -......... -

I 5000 4000

8 gj

"' I 0 I !fl

I -.· I . I

11000 .

33800 .

SECTION AT Y'-Y'{ TRANSFORMER BAY) ....... . . SECTION AT y.y (fAANSFORMER BAY) LEGEND .

~ - ' .

I I I. I I .

.j-3000 .j- 5400 ._ L · 4500 . ., 3000 .j-,_ . .,, -- '1 .· V 28800

1 •,., •/.

SECTION AT Z-Z ; . : :

1. CIRCUIT BREAKER 2. ISOLATOR

3.CURRENTTRANSFORMER 4. LIGHTNING ARRESTER

. 5. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER . 6. POST INSULATOR 7. WAVETRAP 8. COUPLING CAPACITOR . WITH POTENTIAL DEVICE

· FIGURE-17

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS .. (LAYOUT-& DESIGN)

OUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT (HIGH LEVEL TYPE) 145KV, Bil 650 KVp

SCALE: SHEET1 OF1 N1S

r

H

.... ---~----~----~==~=--~-----3-----~~-·=~~---_;·-·--- [ ___ . ___ s __________ s ____ ~-----7--~~-1. a ... ~ -·---..-----·--------,------------..

! f_ . .L\ ---~·-···-----.L .... .. 2-b - ·- - -- _________ ,,___ _____ ,,, ____ ·---· I FUTURE ICT# ~ UNE# l

11 12

r

BT LINE#!?

33IfV ~5KA FOR 3 SEC TRA.i~SFER BUS

t I ....::-..a... . t- - -r---""3- ...!Ji-1 I I

I

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I 1 JO" ai:i•"' {PS-400-200/1-1A) 301-89LE i-----' tAATH 'sw. (M-400-200-tOO/tA) ~Jt:9~. EARTH SW.' 1' 11L.. ~ IH ltl-•~ I"' I -t+ 11 • II " J. 304-CT - P1 301-89L t-~-! z.._, 303-89L I-i 1000A P2 307-891. lSOL. •t 302-00L c-i ISOL. (1000-S00/1-t-fA) ISOL.

: ISOL. I . ,l.' '1~, ! } i lSJ 303-52

ce ~1-$2 ~ 1: ~2-52 ' l: '-r ~4-52 : l ~7-$2 ~

Pl 307-\;'I P2 600A

{PS--400-2.0-0/1 -1A) (.W-400-200- !00/ l A)

308-89l ISOL.

308-52 C8

FUTURE

309-LA

+ I l..-....IO..-.a_..J), I 11!!"-""'!lr I

I I I FUTURE BAYS

I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

11: 12l

301-89A """-4 302-89A }-I J03-89A ~ 304-89A ~ 307-89A r.:-1

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y

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100VA 100VA r.m. TO . CONTROL ROOM

~-·--..~~~~~~~~..--~~~~~~...---+-~~~~~~--~~~----c~o--~~---t·--o,A

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105-lA

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105"'."CT

(PS-600-300/1-1-1-M) (M-600-300-150/tA).

105-89A 10$-89A !SOL !SOL

,.

10~ CB --%- cs .... ..: ca cs

J I I

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ISOL .r;-i. !SOL. -z 103-891. z

P2

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l ' "" ti- P2 101-CT 1 ~ Pt

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l Pt 102-CT 103-891 · ISOL

ISOL. 1 I I

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1 I I I

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FUTURE EQllJP.Ml:NT tlGEND:-

SR.NO. EQUIPMENT

I. ~l 2. t-

102-cvr 2 3

!02-WT

102-lA

LINE #1 ICT#l

DISCltlPTION QTY.

S45KV, I 2150/1 Sf'~ CRCUIT llROJ(£R ()$ 11()$.

WRl!t:NT YIWISl"'QRllD! 15 NOS. 14~, t-Pll, eOM, ~. ;)l.~ FOR 1 ~.

~ 2 H ~.+· CN'N:;mVE VOi.rt.GE 1IWISFOt1NER

3. 145KV, 1-PN • .f.<!OOpf 09 NOS.

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DESCRIPT(()N

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OOU8l£ flftD!( ISClLAfM WllHOUT .EARIH SWll'CH

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03 NOS.

02 00$.

16 NOS.

4

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P1 (PS-600-300/1-. t-1-1A) (M-600-30lH50/1A) .

----PRESENT _____ ._...;FUTURE/SPARE

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100-89L ISQl. .

105-89T !SOL

5

z

106-S.2 cs

106-891. !SOL

,,,_. 106-89lE EARTH SW.

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107-lA I • <- -F.:ol- - -' LINE#2 FUTURE

FIGURE 19 A (SHEET1 OF 4) SYSTE1l 132'k\'. 3 PHASB. l50Hz. f-Jrj OOU!ilE· ~ ISOl.AlOR wm1 ONE ~ $WITCH .... t4llKV, 12:1G\ · 3t.$KA FOR t~

f 02 NOS • ,t ....

{~·~·~~~~~~~) MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS

(LAYOUT & DESIGN) R

.+ 5, ;. =:" .;;;;;.: ~'foit"ISfC: """'"' """"" t (lolCI. WION IS(llAlOR ANO llEJM MOUN!Et> ISOl.AfM

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,,.,..,...._

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' PrlASE ROTATION a ~

llACUIM CIRWJf BRrAKER ::lOl\Y, l~ ZOl<A fOR 3 Ste._£

~. £ CURROll' l'IW'ORM£lt 36ltY t-PH. 3COll£. 2fiKA FOR 3 SEC.

t.oj. NOS. 13. v.;;,

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0 02 HOS.

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POWER TRANSnlRMEJI 02 NOS. SOWA. 132/3.°iw. 3-Ptl, 'l'Nyn(), ONM/OIW'

HORN GIP~ JJl<V. 1-PH 03 N0$.

St!RCE ARREStOR 12 NOS. JOl(V, i-l'tt. IW't£$$, ICl<A. O!SClfMCE Q.A$$ ; U

LT TIWISf'<lllUER 3t~ 33/0.433KV. 1>;n1. oiwi 01 NOS.

1 1

r 132/33 KV SUBSTATION -MAIN & TRANSFER SCHEME

WITH BUS SECTIOl'\IAUSER -·-·rs;,.JI('.

I t-----.------· .. ··----' ··--·--··-------i .. --~ 12 I NTS

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SECTION X-X (LINE BAY)

SECTION Y-Y {TRANSFORMER BAY}

i I

i 1· i I

I I

SECTION Z·Z {BUS COUPLER BAY)

T~·

TRANSFER BUS

j:f j:f j:f

jf j:f

----'--ff-1--1-.p.ijf· .P--. jf--1-ff........... -MAIN BUS

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

l'OTE .

1.AU. CIMalSIONSAAE INMl.I.

LllGENO .

1;CIRCOIT~

~.ISQVITOR

3- CURRE!ll' TRANSF<lRMER 4. WAVE.TfW>

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:2.

8.. OOUPUNG CAPACITOR WJTII PO'EtmAL D1MCE 7. P0'1£NTIAI. ~

FIGURE-19

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT (HIGH LEVEL TYPE) ..

145 KV BIL 650 KV SCALE:

.SHEET10F1 NTS

A

e

0

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LEGEND:-N - DIRECTION NORTH

1. /\t..L DlMENSIOl'IS ME IN ...._ UNLESS SPEt:lf"IED DTHER\o/1SE .

2. MINDUt Ct.£AAANC£

L FOR laf

- :st:TWE£N PHASEa J300M :- KJ\,1£EN ... f'W\S£ .. t..AHY £ARDEJ P.AATt I~ - l;ECTIONAL Ct.EMAHCt> 4000-. - ~I) CLEARAHC£1 4600&v\.

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3. CONDUCTOR ,sm: DETAILS a. l'flB IMJ

- MAIN BUS. At~ T1JIN ~ - lAA!m'~ llUS> ACSR SUO..£ tUm: :-' AU. O~ BAY CONNECTION< ACSR SltlGLE ·HOOS£

1>..· l'flB aav - MAIM BUS. a TVIM IERSIMlS - TRANSFER 'BUSi ACSR SINGU: 9EltSIMIS

11 12

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5. UWDOCTOR T£NSIQN - Mo\IN BUS GAMTRY t. DCON1NG UNE TEf.lHINAT!ne. 1000 Kg/Ph. l'IR 132kV

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6. Pl..INJH t.£1/EL fOt £001PT J 300twoo ABOVE GI... 7. SYS'l'EM PMAMETER

NoNnot syste" vol~ «<v> ltghe:st systvn VQl.'\agv a.v> Llgl\tQnlolg ~se >ri1t.ston<I VoltOQe <ICVp> Power- ft'<!'qU(!nCy wlthsto.nd Vol-toge <ICVNIS) Mox. f'IM.At lfl'Y'!l (KA) .

Ct-ttpa~ . e. !JAYS SHOIJN JN J)l)TTf:l) AA( Fl)Tl.11£.' BAYS

11. ---'--- PRe;ENT

- -- - -l'U1URE

1Sft'I 145 650 275 31.5<l Stt.>

es """"'

3SW 36 170 70 2::1<3 SEC.> l!S .....,kv

FIGURE 19 A (SHEET 2 OF 4)

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN) .

1321..33 KV SUBSTATiON ·MAIN & TRANSFER SCHEME WITH BUS SECTIONALISER

Soate

NTS

12 ------1---------------------·~---·

i L...~~~~~--.~~~~~~~~---~ ............. ~~~~---~~~~-........ -,--~--'~-~~~;.._-,..~~--~-~--'~~.......,,.--~~~-;.._~~~~~,---'-'--~~----~~---r~-~~~~~~~--.~~~~~~~~~~~r--~~~~--"'-~~~~,-~--~-~~-;..._~-.-~~-~~~---~---·· l

11 12 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 10

A

~- ..

II

a

c

0

E

G

H

NOTES:-

2.

ACSR SIN<lt.E MOOSE

< t _, <? t:I

1. ALL OIMENSIONS AA£ IN m..., UM.ESS OTEHR'NIS£ SPECIFIED.

.3

~ ~

~6 ~~

4

~ PHA$£ WITH WAVE TRAP & R &r: 8 PHASES WITHOUT WAVF. TRAPS

J32kV TBANSP&R BUS ACSR SINGLE MOOSE

WlO ~ 30lle

B (NP) Y (NP) R (NP) r· ~. l""<'

a ~ a ~ ~ Ii ; ..J

!~ ~ g I!> t:I r:? tt' ~ ·~

SECTION A-A · 132KV LINE #2.

2. EQUIPMENT BUS, WllN BUS, T~sreR eus ANO .IACIC BUS Htl<JHT ME f'ROM 1'0P OF PUNTti.

4

5

L 3(300 • (NP)

I ._ ... - .... ·~;

~·

~ 3 ~ Q

t:I <? t:I

5

B

s

·6

l82kV MAIN BUS 4CSft TWIN MOOSE

('rr?) (TrP)

J I ~

8i (:jl

SECTION B-8 !£m

7

7

t . !""' .... ,. •• ~

i • 1· ... ~

-- -···-'

~ .. i e-el

8

·™'

Ci ~ ~

~ "'

8 9

9

I ~ ~ ~ ()' t:I

PLINTHLVL.

~

~ <r

10

SECTION E~E 33KV LINE#1

e ~

~['CL

fO

:J i ~ ,. ~ 2

~ ~ ~· :! ~ . ! :!) .... 1£ <:I '4' ·~ <r

11

11 12

~ ~ ~· ~~t~ ~ <.1'1:)'

FIGURE 19 A {SHEET 3 OF 4) ·-· ..... MANUAL ot4susst..\r10Ns

A

s

c

E

F'

G

(LAYOUT & DESIGN) H 1~2133 KV $1;S$TATION ·MAIN & TRANSFER SCl'<EME

WITH eus SSCT!ONA~ISER

NTS

12

A

B

c

()

E

2

2

i :

,1

SECTION D-0 33KVBT

4

33kV TJWISfU BUS ACSR SINGL! BJRS!MlS .T,_ •..• B ........ -'f .... J.t ..

I " {- ~

Ir .. -- -: · ·-· ··~· · .. I . .

~;·~~~ ............. - ....... 0 ., .. ___ , ......... ·--.............. ··--...... ~ ...

: 1" ! I

I

·~· l ~ II if II II II II 11 II II 11 II 11

3

'!' ' t

4

'l"

s 6

// m ·~ , . ,.~ w --.. (N:.SP. TWlH B€RSIMI$

" :. ;'!!!!'~~~yi:~J,/••• ••• r'. •• . '·:~~Mtf.f~""'"~l- . . . ... . ... ': •• • •• .... ,,, 1 ! ·:

! !''"" ''! f- . ··~

j

· SECTION F·F 33KV MAIN BUS

.,. j I

SECTION G-G

7 8

100 900 2100

SECTION C..C

33KVLINE#2

9

33kV TRANSFER BUS ACSR SJNGUI BEllSDllS

;';~ ~~- : -€:·,_ ~ ·: L~ :·f' I

!

~. ~ ~ II II II II II II II II 11 11 II II

. ~ ~ II II II . II II II II II

10

SlilEl.O WlR£ ."':"" .... " -··· ....... _ ..... , ··~

~ II .II II II.

. ·~{!~~:;~; !

~ I ~ 11 11 II 11 II II 11 II 11 t I II 11

:-~·. ,..;

. 132KV MAIN BUS NOTES~-

1. Al.L OIMENSIONS ARE IN mm ONLESS OTEHRWISE SPECIFlEO.

2. EOLAPMENT SUS. MAIN BUS, TlWISFER BUS AND JACK BUS HEIGHT ARE FROM TOP OF PLINTH.

----PRESENT -------f1J'IUR£

5 6 7 . 8 10 "1

11

11 '

12

FIGURE 19 A {SHEET 4 OF 4} ...•..... MANUAi."C::N sussrAr!Oi\ti:\ .

(LAYOUT & DESIGN) ·:tua3 KV &t.eSTATIO/\l •Y.AIN S. i>MSFe'!SCk"..Ma

WIYM SUS SEC'l'ION>il.ISEl1

12 '

A

8

c

0

F

G

H

J~··-1

-------~------- ---.. ------------------------I I

I I I I I I

I I I I I

I I i~ff: ~~~i I

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I I T T I I r I I I I

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I l I I I

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I I I I I . I I I

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r+Y

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I

I ' I I

I

SECTION.AT L-L

r+i ~ I ,

/ I "' , I ,

'

l<=>ljl--'f'-\-1~+--.;p-JUP--IJl-~s:t:rc!a:!f-----Jil~~:cp;c.~-ljL-~-Jjl---J--ljl--f+-lllt==i' I I I

!=-+---_.__· ~\ '-'-_-'-t...._ __ -'-'-1--,1.c:s .. ;zf:n:?=@)-_._--ci);l:ptja:>oJ..+-1--+-4'1 _J_. --~--..L.....---<c=--j i -·-e---\--1-

1 -Jl--t---l--l<:m£a-.l--_;..._-ct1tiii:b-+--1--.J..~~~L_-~ I

\!/. ' \Jk.x .I \ I I I I

~~~~---~-· ~--~=Eal L+z

L

""!.--------------- --------------

I

I I

5200 L 7000 l 5500 '1

37500

.•....... SECTIONATX~X{~INE_.8~¥)

. I I . I

'' I I I I I

7000

. 40000· ' ...

SECTION AT Y-Y (TRANSFORMER BAY}

---------· --- --· --------·---------I

I I I

I I I ! ! 1--1-1+---~+-l-l-I ! I I

I

1c21'00 1,2700 " 1 1 1

1 1 7000

SECTION AT Z-Z (BUS COUPLE,R BAY) . ' .

j I r I

-~------~---------------------- OF ROAD CUM RAIL TRACK

. PLAN

NOTE

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

TRANSFER BUS

j:f j;f j/ . jf

jf ff

•I

LEGEND

1. CIRCUIT BREAKER

2. ISOLATOR

3.CURRENTTRANSFORMER

4. LIGHTNING ARRESTER·. 5. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER 6. POST INSULATOR 7.WAVETRAP 8.COUPLING CAPACITOR WITH

POTENTIAL DEVICE

~.ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

I•

2. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OlO . PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT {e.g. LA. MOCB, CT etc.) DIRECTLY ON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AROUND IT. IN DRAWING EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN.IS REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE. THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER.

I•

FIGURE-20

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

SA RANGEMENT (LOW LEVEL TYPE)

145kV, BIL 650kV 'SCALE:

· SHEET1Of1 NTS

-·· ·----··--------'"-------------------~----------..,.----------------~--~---~---------'---'------......._-~_____J

A

c

c

f

H

1 2

'ti--~---

$'

97.S.N' 15 E'

<l Of' cvr --­

ct. OF Towtll tc Wl q_orCl --

q,orise ---

l(_QflSO --­&: ePI

q_OflSO --­& SPI

<iOF'TOWE~ -

q OF ISO

it,orce --­

<i. Qf TOWER --. -.

<lot ISO <> q orevs cvr··- tt

<i OFEIUS CVT -

R

4

PLAN·

UNE-1 UNE-2 LINE-3 LINE-4

A1 rs y B R y R y B R y

/

5 6

UNE-5 UNE-6

8 R y B R y

/ ' \

R

y

6

T2

T2

R

y

97.5 N' 78 E'

132kV

7

. TRANSFER BUS

l32kV MAIN BUS /

/ ~~auscvr-~~-r-rrr7---~l-.....~---~~-l..,.--r--t:~~"t:-t~t-~~b=:ftzi:::-;;;-;;.L~-~~:---~~ I iOFoo

T2 15 E

l.0000

-\--\-'r CIROJtl' llR&l!IEt

• ~ 1lWl$fDRIO

• ()/'(

* * if s j/1()(£ HC8 l!lCIAlllR

....:::;>- SllQl£ 10l.SIOff NiStlli!A.r

* * T- ISOOl10ll

J¥ $ 5UllG£ Mlelal'

0 WA\'EllW'

D fil'I

2

A~ : ~-+-tt. OF TOWER

1 _,_,.,~...._q, a:- ca

43 N'.

12 E

I

ir2

CONTROL ROOM"

23 N' 12 E'

3

-· ---------- ----

23 N• 37 £'

4 ..

43 N; 37 E'

69N' 78 E'

132kV TRANSFER BOS

~BAY

(FUTI.IRE) · q_ OF rowm tt BUS CVT

NOTES:

l .• ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

2. EQUIPMENT INTERCONNECTION AT 4.6 METRE.

3. MAIN BUS HEIGHT 7.5 METER.

4. ALL CONDUCTORS ARE ACSR PANTHER.

5. SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT & DURATION :· 251</\ FOR 1 SEC.

* DESIGN VOLTAGE o. HIGHEST SYSTEM VOLTAGE

b. P.F. WITH STAND VOLTAGE

c. LIGHTNING IMPULSE

* CLEARANCE (mm) o. PHASE TO fARTH (MIN,) b. PHASE TO PHASE (MIN.)

. · c. SECllONAL CLEARANCE

=145 kV rms

=275 kV rms

=650 kV peok .·

=1300

=1300

=4000

* STATIC· CONDUCTOR TENSION (AT 0 DEG. C):. o. CONDUCTOR b. O/H £ARTHWIRE

5 6

1000 KG/CONDUCTOR 500 KG/WIRE

7

UNE-3

9 12

..... 132kV TRANSFER BUS

--r--i:-:::::-+---x:-:::::-+---r:-:-:~l--,.--..+-~--1-....:(~40.:.:0:;:_A. 25kA for ls) 1iwr :l6$T '6l)T

- I~ ...... "691..E ....... -48&1.£

f:: f~L f: ;1$2

'""" J09A -f

~--r ~

e5Z

~ - -..£

589T MOT

132kV MAIN BUS ( 400.A. 25kA for ls}

132kV TRANSFER BUS

. .

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM --·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-----·~----·-·-·-··.:.,., ____ . __

·MAIN BUS

"

<t 't. i<t. LA cvr 'l er iso

<t_ USC> <t_

l~O . 't .ISO

BPI. TOWER

8

TOWER &

WT

~ of BUS CVT & TOWER

BUS cvr CONNECTION TYP. (ON MAlN BUS)

SECTION ·~ CC

9

UNE-1

TRANSFER BUS

. ¢ OF OF ~ OF ¢. OF<;;, OF ~ <U>f . ¢ Of { OF · ISO 'OWER ISO ISO I~ of' TOWER CVT 1,A

. & & CT&Wf BPI OPI .

SECTION AA (LINE.··.··BAY)

·MAIN BUS

.<t_ <t .ISO <t_ CB

TOWER.

SECTION 88

<t. <t. CT <t. !SO TOWER

<t. . <t. BPI ISO

Figure-20a

LAYOUT DRAWING - 145 KV /10.SM BAY WIDTH (MAIN AND TRANSFER SCHEME)

BIL- LI 650KVp

MANUAL ON SUB STATIONS LAYOUT & DESIGN

10 11 12

A

s

·c

D

f

G

H

~

A-------------. ---:---· --. ------. ----------------. f Y I I I I I l I I I I I I I

l I I I --------1oo-- "t --I I I I l I

f . ~ II I

I

-f!d :a. .. -l ,_ .. ~--...... ZIUU 2700 2500 i5i»"

10400

0

l

~ '-----

I

I I

l ~

\

------ -- ----------

t - i l_../ I I I I l I

J_ $500 -2700 2700 -2500 3000 5sQO .... -

10400 14000 S5000

~ECTlONL·L

~ I '-I I)

I I

I 8 ---· ,._...._~ .--- + ...... -~ i-----------' ' I

I I

I .. " -4 llo

I I

2$00 2700'""' 2ic»" ........ _

2SOO ~· 2100· 2100- '-~-

·~ 10400 ~

0 0

/

l 8

l I ...

I I ~

T I

'~r ~

.

Hk-"k-~-.-~------------

-3000

SECTION Y'-Y' [RANSFORMER BAY)

--------.....,~---;ii..

f .-.SECTION--X-X{llNEBAV}

-'k-"lr'-----~---------------

I t .....

~

·1 · ,-, II ( . ll l,

m~ I

I I 1 t '• t

l i _'•_I . I ji..s L'll lf,L ,;..~

SECTION Y-Y (!RANSFORMER SAY}

l.£OOiO '· Q!lCU!r811EAKER 2.!WtATOR 3.ctlR$UiHT~ft

•.WAVE 'l'AAP . 5. OOUft.INGCAP.ACITORYIIDIPOTE>mAL DeV1Ce

6.1.JGHM'iGARRESTER 7. POST IN9.JlATOR.

$.POTENM. ~R

SINGAL LINE DIAGRAM

NOTE

f, RUC.ACElHE~Y-Y\mNSteTIOH Y'·Y' 'Mla(NtlSOlATORISTO'SEPAOW>eO~H: ~~CIRCUT~~ nq: TIWISfORM:RORCW'

1. AU.fJIMafSIONS ARE !ff MN. ~- E<l!.llPMSff SPACIHG INTHE.~AAE BASe1>0NOl.O PAACnCEOF~nE~(t.f.l.A,M<lC8,Cletc.) O!RECn.Y Oti FOOMOATIONMIHSCftEENAA:OUHO IT. IN ORAWIHG EQUIPMOOSNIEMOUNm>OH~MJSCPHNI$

REMOVEONSflERPRESafl'~. 'IHERE10RE.IHTER~SPl(ING

CAKMTMERBS.OPTWISa>BYUSER.

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS

(LAYOUT & DESIGN)

FIGURE-21

SINGLE BUS ARRANGMENT( HIGH LEVEL TYPE) 145 KV BIL 650 l<YJ5

SCALE:

SHEET 1OF1 · NTS

I

I ' !

I t I ' I ) i

I i

i ! ~ , ~ ~

ff

' ' ?

~I

i

f!

~

~ "'f

.SECTION t .. L ·

. rt"' x .

\ + P"" z

r+ 'f

I.

. 1

PLAN

.§.ECTION x~x {UNE BAY)

. SECTIONATY~ Y CTRAl\fSFORMER BAY)

. SECTION AT Y";(TRANSFORMER BAY} ~ ...

J ~ t .WJ J ™ J ~ I SECTION ATz;.z

SINGAl LINE DIAGRAM

LEGEND · 1~ emcurr BREMER.. 2. ISOl.ATOR 3. CUR.RfNT TRANSFORMER 4. POST INSULATOR 5. LIGHTNING ARRESTER 6. POTENTW.TRANSFORMER 7. WAVE lRAP . 8. OO!JPUNG CAPACITOR WHHPOTENilAI.

NOTE

1. Ra'l..ACETHESECTION Y·YWITH SECTION Y'·Y' WH;NMf.ISOl.ATOR!SSE~~THE ilW1SFOJWERANO CIRCUIT BREAKER IN THE TAANSFOIWE!l CIRC.1Jrr .

2. AU.: DIMENSIOOSAAE IN MM. 3. EOOlPMENT SPACiNG IN TICEDRAW'tNGSARE BASED ON 00>

PRACnCE OF MOUNTING nte EQUIPMENT (o.a,J,A. MOC8, Ci e!C.) · OIRECTI.Y ON FOUNDATION WllH SCReEH AROUND IT.1N DAA'll'IHG EQUIPMENTSAREMOONTEOON StRUCTUREANO~IS REMOVEO PS PER PRESENT PRAcnce. MREF()RE. IITTER EQUIPMENT SPACING CANFUR~R8E OPliMISEl}B'r' USER

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

NTS

; ,.

--- -----~--- ---- ---

~ 1 I " I i I I I

- - - ... - ,__ ·--~

I I R p q A I I r.:;:; r- I

I ~ , -- - - ' ~ I ·r

~ I l I I t I I

I I I I i 'I ( , t \ t , ' . t ~

... "'

...

~ I I I I I

I I I l I ~ ~ > I l I I I = "" c: i<> = ...

I I I I J I I I I I I

~

SECTION AT l-L

L ..,)!("'~:- '~ c ~ c~

i--Z (~ '~ c ~

~

,i--Y j I

" t J . []

~ ,( ' -.-~ ... ~--- - --- -~ \, I ( ~ ( ~

I I ) if

I " ..... I l ,~ .k.-. I

"' -~- I ., "''\' '/ '\;i;.o' ~ .,, \ ~1 ,.,,

I I Q ~ pi i..., ~~ I': :'II ~ 'II P:'.'a

~ ,. 'b ;;4 t\b ~ -· t,; 4/j4 ~'4 l I J I I - - -. I

~ t- - ,.-r +- ~ •I°""'" . - . 1-+ I '\.· (O) lol tol /

~ .. 0 t?J l~ -- _1_~ 1<> ~ l<?J II~• \II ~

~ t9J ~~ ~~ - I

I I - -- - '- --- - - _,... ~ I I ' ~ I . I

' ~ I I .. l I

f ~ I t j) 0 0 0 c t 0 .. I • • I

~ 0 I ) . ( ~

-- --- ---= Ill

J L.-z L.-x

""" - - -- (!) C) ( l - I- <) 0 -~----1- - . --- -,-- ------ ... ..... -... - - ~

uuw I uuu I

L.-v PLAN

NOTE

1. REPLACE SECTION Y-Y WITH SECTION Y'-Y' WHEN AN ISOLATOR IS TO BE . PROVIDED BETWEEN THE TRANSFORMER ANO CIRCUIT BREAKER 1N THE TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT.

2. All DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OLD PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA, MOCB, CT etc.) . DlRECTl YON FOUNDATtON WITH SCREEN AROUND IT. IN DRAWING EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN IS REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE. . THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER.

I \.: r •. 2000 200() I. 2500

l

I I

I

1 I . I I t -~- !--~ t.~J -~ l _ .. ~:=J1~1L1soo~ ·---~. ····· $ c

SECTtCN AT X-X (LINE BAY}

~-r~----------..

. I

I .

-~ . I ·I-'

I 7200 100G 1800 : 4000

L ., SECTION.AT Y-Y (TRANSFORMER BAY)

I I )

I I ~ -- --:2500 2000 '· 2000 2SOO 2500 20()0 1. 2000 L 2$00 ,

-I . I l I I n " ll ll .I t l t--. nr -

= ~

r<> I r l l . t

<= J ~ ~ ' ... I I

I I I I I I I

I ' I L 1soo L . 31so l 21so ., 2000 l 21so L 31so l 1500 l 'l ., ., '1 >( 'l '1 .,

,r 18000 1k

SECTION AT Z-Z (BUS COUPLER BAY)

~

-1~ ~-

~ ~

SINGLE LINE. DIAGRAM

SECTION ATY1-Y' (TRANSFORMER BAY)

LEGEND 1. CIRCUIT BREAKER

2. ISOLATOR

. 3. CURRENT TRANSFORMER

· 4. LIGHTNING.ARRESTER 5. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

6. POST INSULATOR 7. WAVETRAP 8. COUPLING CAPACITOR ·WITH POTENTIAL DEVICE

FIGURE-23

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

OUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT {HIGH LEVEL TYPE) 72.SKV, BIL 325 KVp

SCALE: SHEET 1OF1

NTS l

SECTION L-L

I ' I

I I I I

I I . I I

I ' I I I

' ~ lif z I ' /•\ I \

I \

I \

I I

I I I I f

I !. I I 0 I I

Li ----- ------

\ I \ /. ,

I \

I \ \

I \

'

\ / \ I

---L_,---· -

PLAN Ly

2

I

-sioo--_ _j

31950

SECT~ON X-X (LINE BAY)

--------------------. .

' I I I

I I ·I I

4050

SECTION AT Y-Y (TRANSFORMER BAY)

------------ -------· -

,

SECTION AT Y1-Y' (TRANSFORMER BAY)

' 2000 2000

I

l I

l •

SECTION Z-Z (BUS COUPLER)

~ I §

! ~ I

..

r~·· r~··

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

tEGENO

NOTE

1. QRCUrTBREAKER 2.ISOtATOR 3. CUAAENT'JRANSFORMER 4. POST INSUl.ATOR 5.UGH'TNWARRES'IER

6. POJEN11AI. TRANSFORMER 7.WAVETRAP 3. COU?LmCAPACITOR WITH PO'JENTW.DEVICE

. 1. REPLACE THE.SECTION y.y wrntSECTlONY'·Y'

WHENAHISO!.ATQRISTOB£PROVIDEOBETWEENTHE lRANSfORMERAM>~BRfAKERIN THE lRAHSFORMER CIRCUIT

2. AU. OIMENSIONSARE IN MM. 3; EQUIPMeMrSPACIHG INlltEDRA.WINGS~BASED ON Ol.D

PRACTICEOFMOIJNTING1l£EQUAEIT(e.g;L\MOC8.CT~}

OIRECTI.YONFOUHDATIONwmt~AROONDff.INllRAWIMG

EQ\llPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STR.UcruREAND SCREEN IS

. REMOVED ASPER PRESENT PRACTICE.

THEREfORE, llfiER EQUIPM!'!HT SPACING

CAN FURTifERBE OPTIMISff) '1( USER.

FIGURE-24

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT (LOW LEVE~ TYPE) 72.5 KV , BIL 325 KVp

SCALE: SHEET1 OF1 NTS

MAIN BUS-I

MAIN BUS-II

~ ~

.

o =

J..

3.75M WIDE ROAD

i 0

UNE-5

-tlt!-i l?J~~ i ::s ~~~ ~ ~&&~<:t'

SECTION-FF (66kV ICT BAY)

-~ - .

UNE-4

I

4000

~ ~ tr ---

- ...... -R <. ~ 7 ~ .

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

l 111100011 0

PLAN

m <.> Lt.. 0 (.)I

3.75M WIDE ROAD

Lt.. 0 (.)I

~ ::> ~ ::> ::> (.)l (.)I (.,)I OJ (.)I

SECTION-GG (66kV LINE BAY)

SECTION-II { 66kV BUS VT)

LL. 0 •(.)I

F ~ 102»111~

T

., --

7 M WIDE ROAD

.

·. ._ ·"

i,

'"

,, ,

.

LT TRANSFORMERS·~

..;.:::.~=,it=:::~=~&..F=~=~§J209- 3800 )f

ID 0

lL. 0 ~

0::.,.. 0::

ai~~ ai ~

SECTION-HH (66kV BUS COUPLER BAY)

I

\

"'.

_.._

,, SECURITY­CABIN

LEGEND

220 t.V QRClllT SROl<£R

220W ltC8 ISOtATOR wml 2 £/S .....

• • • • • •

0

0 0 g .. •

NOTES : . 1. All: DIMENSIONS >Rf. IN MM UNLESS Ol"HERWJSE OlHEWISE SPECIAEO 2. lHE FOU.OWINC MllJMtJM Cl£ARANC£. SHAtl BE ~AINT£D:

FHASE TO PtfASE 6JOmm PHASE TO PHASE 6JOmm SECllONAl ca.ARANCE : 3000m

3. OOS L.tVElS AHO CONOUCTOR O.ETAILS: . HEIGHT FROM .

puNJH uya.

BAY CONNECTION 4000mm.

MAIN BUS I & ll 6000mm IHTERCONNE'CllOH (ICT BAY) INlERCONNECTION (EXCEPT ICT BAY} JACK BUS 9500mm

4. CONDUCTOR TENSION

i:.QNOOCTQR

SINGt.E M(l()S( ACSR

QUAD. NOOSE I.CSR nYIN MOOSE iiCSR SINGl£ MOOSE ACSR

lWlN MOOS£ ACSR

MAIN BUS: 500!<9/CONDUCTOR UN£ ANO JACK BUS: 500 Kg/CONDUCTOR

5. PUNJH lEVEI. : 300mm ABOVE F.G.L

6. GRAVEL LEVEL : 100mm ABOVE f.G.L.

7. UNE TAKE-OFF STRINGS ARE M>T IN THE scoP£ OF S/S PACKAGE.

Figure-24( a)

LAYOUT DRAWING- 66 KV/ 7.6 M BAY WIDTH· (DOUBLE BUS SCHEME)

BIL- U 325 KVp

MANUAL ON SUB STATION LAYOUT & DESIGN l--··-·····-·----····----~---&.---------_:_----------------------------------~-~~---1-------------------:----------

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MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

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SlNGAL LINE DIAGRAM

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS

{LAYOUT & DESIGN)

FlGURE-27

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2. AU. DIMENSI~ ARE IN MM . 3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN rne DRAWlNGS ARE BASfl) ON OLD

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FIGURE-28

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & OEStGN)

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2. AU. DIMENSI~ ARE IN MM . 3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN rne DRAWlNGS ARE BASfl) ON OLD

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FIGURE-28

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & OEStGN)

SINGLE SUS ARRANGMENT {LOW LEVEL TYPE)

72.5 KV BIL 325 KVp

NTS

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LEGEND 1. OIL CIRCUIT llREAl<ER 2.ISOl.ATOR 3. CURRENT TRANSfORMER 4. POST INSUl.ATOR .

5. UGHlNINGARRJ:STER 6. POTENIW.. "TRANSFORMER

1. REPl.ACE TIIE SECTION Y-Y WITTI SECTION Y'-Y'

WHEN AN ISQ!ATOR IS TO BE PROVIDED BElWEEHTttE

TRANSFORMER AND CIRCUIT BREAKER IN THE TRANSFORMER CIRCIJrr

2. Al.L DlMEtlSlONS ARE IN MM.

3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN TIE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OlD

PRACTICE OF MOUNTING ll:IE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA, UOC8, CT etc.)

DIRECTLY ON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AROUND IT. IN DRAWING

EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTIJREANOSCREEN IS

REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE.

TI-!EREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING

CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER.

FIGURE-30 ·

M.(\NUAL ON SUBSTATIONS. (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT(LOW LEVEL TYPE) . 36 KV ~IL 170 KVp

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LEGEND

1. CIRCUIT BREAKER 2. ISOLATOR 3.CURRENTTRANSFORMER 4. LIGHTNING ARRESTER 5. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER 6: POST INSULATOR

1. REPLACE SECTION Y-Y WITH SECTION Y'-Y' WHEN AN ISOLATOR IS TO BE PROVIDED BETWEEN THE TRANSFORMER AND CIRCUIT BREAKER IN THE TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT.

2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM. 3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OLD. PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT (e.g, LA, MOCB, CT etc.) · DIRECTLY ON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AROUND IT. IN .DRAWING EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN IS REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE.

· THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING · CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER. FIGURE-29

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

SECTION AT Z·Z (BUSCOUPLER BAY! OUBLEBUS ARRANGEMENT (HIGH LEVEL TYPE}

36 KV BIL 170 KVp SCALE:

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SECTION AT Z-Z (BUS COUPLER BAY)

3. CURRENT TRANSFORMER -4. LIGHTNING ARRESTER 5. POTENTJAL TRANSFORMER 6. POST INSULATOR

NOTE . - 1. All DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

2. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN IBE DRAWJNGS ARE BASED ON OLD PRACTICE OF MOUNT!NG THE EQUIPMENT {e~g. LA, MOCB, CT etc.) DIRECTI. YON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AR'OUND IT. IN DRAWING EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN IS REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE. THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING FIGURE-31 CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMJSEO BY USER. .....--------------1

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

MAIN AND TRANSFE BUS ARRANGEMENT HIGH LEVEL lYPE

36 KV BIL 170 KVp SCALE:

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SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

11

TRANSFER BUS

MAIN BUS

SECTION AT y ... y (TRANSFORMER} LEGEND·

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2. EQUIPMENT SPACJNG lN THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OLD . PRACTICE OF MOUNTING 'THE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA, MOCB, CT etc.) DlRECTl YON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AROUND tT. IN DRAWING E.QUlPMENTS ARE MOUNTEO ON STRUCTURE ANO SCREEN IS REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE. THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACtNG CAN FURTHER BE OPTJMISEO BY USER.

1. CIRCUIT BREAKER 2. lSOLATOR

3.CURRENTTRANSFORMER 4. LIGHTNING ARRESTER

fa'

5. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER '

6. POST INS ULA TOR

F.,... 'R""' 32 IUU C•

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT & DESIGN)

LOWlEVEL lYPe 36 KV BIL 170 KV

SHEEi1 OF1 SCALE:

NTS

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SINGAL LINE DIAGRAM

MANUAL ON SUBSTA'FIONS

(LAYOUT & DESIGN)

SINGLE BUS ARRANGMENT(HIGH LEVEL TYPE) 36 KV BIL 170 KVp

SCALE:

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LEGEND

NOTE

1. CIRCUIT BREAKER 2.ISaATOR 3. CURRENT TRANSFORMER 4. POST INSULATOR 5. UGHTNlNGARRESTER 6. POTENTIAl. TRANSFORMER

1. REA.ACE THE.sECTION Y-Y WITH SECTION Y'·Y' WHEfi AN ISOLATOR IS BEPROVIDEOBEJWEEN 1HE lRANSFORMERAND CIRCUIT BREAKER IN THE TRANSFORMERQRCUIT

2. ALL DIMENSIONSARE IN MM.

3.. EQUIPMENT SPACING INJHE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ONOW PRACTICE OF MOUHTING THE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA. MOCB. CT etc.) O~TlYON FOUNOATIONWITHSCREEHAAOONDIT. IN DRAWING EQUIPMENTSARE MOUHTEOON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN IS REMOVED JS PERPRESEHT PRACTICE. ·lHEREfORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING CAN FURTHER BE OPTIM1SE08Y USER.

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS (LAYOUT &DESIGN)

SINGLE BUS ARRANGMENT !J.OW LEVEL TYPE)

36 KV BIL 170KVp

SHEET1 OFi

FIGURE-34

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