The Institutions and Development Debate: Part I Cause or effect? Paul Dower NES.
Cause & effect analysis part 2
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Transcript of Cause & effect analysis part 2
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Using a Fishbone Diagram: Part 2PROG 1026: Logic & Problem Solving
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AgendaReview
Workshop IntroductionCause & Effect IntroductionBrainstorming Exercise
Cause & Effect PracticeCause & Effect Follow-upWrap-up and Exam Prep
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Workshop IntroductionWhy use C&E?Workshop ScopeObjectives of C&E
Root causesTeamworkProblem SolvingInnovation
Ground Rules
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Intro to C&E Definition: A Cause and Effect Diagram is a tool that helps a team to identify,
explore, and display in increasing detail, all of the possible causes related to a problem or condition in order todiscover its root cause(s).
Practice BasicsWeekend Procrastination?
Define/ Assign Cause Categories Brainstorm more detailed causes Choose a cause and ask “Why?”
2-5 times Share lowest level causes and
look for patterns
Problem Statement
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Constructing a Fishbone DiagramVelaction Video
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Process FlowchartProblem Definition CriticalFormat/ Cause CategoriesBrainstorming!AnalysisAction on Root Causes
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Case StudyThe Case of the Missing Deadline
What is the central problem?What are possible causes of the problem?
Take a moment to review and reflect on the case study
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ProcessSelect a facilitatorPhrase the problem statement (5 min)Generate causes (10 minutes)Construct the diagram (15 minutes)
Dispersion AnalysisProcess CategorizationBreak down causes to find root causes
Analyse Causes (15 minutes)Follow up on root causes (debrief – 5-10 minutes)
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Step 1: Select a Facilitator A facilitator is expected to:
Make sure that the problem is clearly understood by everyone.
Get the team to participate in the current step.Manage the time so that each task is finished in line with
the training schedule.Make sure that any and all ideas are recorded accurately.Summarize the team’s conclusions based on the consensus
of the team and the specific assignment.
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Step 2: Problem Statement Facilitator provides opportunity for team to contributeStatement should normally be 4-8 words or lessA problem is an issue that represents a gap between
desired and actual performance/results and is an observable effect of one or more contributing causes
Discuss in team and come up with a statement – write it large on a sticky note and place at far right middle of the chart
5 MINUTES
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Step 3: Generate CausesGeneral to specific?Specific to general?Brainstorm
no judgment, just try to get as many ideas as possibleFacilitator, ensure everyone has a chance to participate
10 MINUTES
Next: Major Cause Categories
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Step 3: Dispersion Analysis4 Ps
Process/ProcedurePeoplePolicyPlant/Equipment
4 MsMethodsManpowerMaterialsMachinery Equipment
Problem Statement
Process People
Policy Plant/ Equipment
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Step 3: Process Classification Define major steps in the ProcessEstablish causes relative to the process
Late Pizza Deliveries on Friday Nights
Assembling Pizza
Baking Pizza
Taking Orders
Delivering Pizza
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Step 4: Construct DiagramAssign Causes
Assign to one category if possibleIf not possible, consider rephrasing relative to the causeRepeating causes in multiple categories may be a good sign
of a root causeFacilitator works to ensure consensus of assignment
15 MINUTES
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Step 5: Analyse CausesLook for repeating items, patternsIn Process Classification, repeating is rare
Look for items that create bottlenecksAsk “Why?” 2-5 timesEnsure it is cause and effect or it is a new causeFacilitator – manage process to ensure you go far enough
and not too far; build consensus on patterns, root causes
15 MINUTES
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Step 6: Next StepsRecommendations DocumentProcess Improvement SuggestionRequest for Decision
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Other IssuesWhen do you use a tool?Choosing C&E Format
Dispersion Analysis? 4Ms 4Ps Team Generated
Process Classification Process Driven Team Generated
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A Word on GOAL/QPCMemory Jogger
BooksFlash DrivesTraining
www.goalqpc.com orwww.memoryjogger.org
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Wrap-upProblem SolvingLogic
Math – the Language of LogicAlgorithms & Programmatic Problem-SolvingTools & Techniques
IPOFlowchartsPseudocodeFishbone/ C&E Diagram
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Final Exam20 M/C Questions = 40%
Hint: focus on Class Notes/ slides on site1 Application = 60%
Either 1 programming problem
Flowchart, pseudocode and Ruby procedures Approach is worth more than code
Or, Business Case Complete Fishbone with brainstorm, classification, and analysis Approach is worth more than quality of analysis
Good luck!