Caues of Death in Taiwan, 2012

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Causes of Death in Taiwan, 2012

Causes of death in Taiwan, 2012

All causes of death are based on the Underlying Cause of Death and are

processed in accordance with the International Classication of Diseases Causes

of death were coded and classied according to the !inth "e#ision $ICD%&' during

1&(&%200(, and according to the Tenth "e#ision $ICD%10' after 200) The

standardi*ed +ortality rate $age%adusted death rate' is age%standardi*ed to the

-./ 2000 global standard population

I. The standardized mortality rate declined and life expectancy at

birth increased in 2012.

In 2012, a total of 1,2 deaths were reported in Taiwan The standardi*ed

+ortality rate was 30( deaths per 100,000 population, which was 24 lower

than the 2011 rate and 1&4 lower than the 2001 rate

According to 5inistry of the Interior’s preli+inary statistics, life e6pectancy

at birth in 2012 is )& years for total population$0 year higher than the 2011',

continuing a long%ter+ rising trend 7ife e6pectancy for +ales increased 02 year

fro+ 2011 to )(2 years in 2012, and life e6pectancy for fe+ales increased 03

year fro+ 2011 to 0 years in 2012

The !ational .ealth Insurance $!.I' has been i+ple+ented since 1&& and it

i+pro#es Taiwanese’s access to +edical resources In conclusion, !.I leads to Taiwanese’s longer life span and lower standardi*ed +ortality rate

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II. Decedents aged 65 years and over acconted for 6!.!" of total

deaths in 2012.

In 2012, people aged ( years and o#er accounted for 1104 of total

population, which is 2 percentage points higher than the gure in 2001

/wing to the aging of the population, percentage of decedents aged ( ando#er of total deaths continued its upward trend in 2012 The percentage was

3(4 in 1&1, (104 in 1&&( and (4 in 2012

In 2012, the percent of total deaths by age group is8

0%(3 years $124 of total deaths'

(%)3 years $1()4 of total deaths'

)%3 years $2&04 of total deaths'

years and o#er $224 of total deaths'

Decedents aged years and o#er e6perienced the signicant increase of 10

percentage points, of which and 1 percentages points were accounted for

the age group %&3 and &9 respecti#ely, co+pared with 2001 The gures

show deaths aged elder constituted +ore of total deaths

III. #alignant neoplasm contined to be the most deadly case.

The 10 leading cause of death and its percentage of total deaths in 2012

were as follows8

$1' 5alignant neoplas+s%%234

$2' Diseases of heart $e6cept hypertensi#e diseases'%%1114

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$' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%)24

$3' :neu+onia%%(14

$' Diabetes +ellitus%%(4

$(' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%34

$)' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%314

$' .ypertensi#e diseases%%24

$&' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%24

$10' !ephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis%%24

5ost of the 10 leading causes of death were chronic diseases, and +alignant

neoplas+s, whose percent of total deaths was further higher than other leading

causes, has been the 1st cause of death for consecuti#e 1 years

Causes of death are ran<ed according to the crude death rate In 2012, si6 of

the ten leading causes re+ained the sa+e as in 2011 :neu+onia, the th cause

in 2011, e6changed with diabetes +ellitus, the 3th cause in 2011, beca+e the

3th cause in 2012 .ypertensi#e diseases, the &th cause in 2011, e6changed with

chronic li#er diseases and cirrhosis, the th cause in 2011, beca+e the th cause

in 2012

Co+pared the ran<ing in 2012 with the one in 2001, hypertensi#e diseases

and pneu+onia rose its ran< while accidents and ad#erse e;ects,

cerebro#ascular diseases, chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis , and nephritis,

nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis fell down Intentional self%har+$suicide',

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replaced by chronic lower respiratory diseases , dropped fro+ a+ong 10 +aor

causes,

Co+pared with 2001, two +aor causes, hypertensi#e diseases and

pneu+onia, showed increases in standardi*ed +ortality and percent of total

deaths in 2012 while causes in =uadrant III shown in gure decreased

5alignant neoplas+s, diseases of heart, and chronic lower respiratory diseases

increased in percent of total deaths but decreased in standardi*ed +ortality rate

I$. #edian age at death %as & years longer in 2012 than the age in

2001.

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The a#erage age at death was )0& years in 2012, a 0 year higher than the

2011 age, and 3( years higher than the 2001 age The +edian age at death was

)0 years in 2012, a 30%year rise co+pared with 2001

/f the ten leading causes, ) causes, shown in Table 1, ha#e higher +edian

age at death than the o#erall +edian age at death, )0 years, +ost of which

were chronic diseases

All of the ten leading causes showed a upward trend in +edian age at death,

e6cept chronic diseases and cirrhosis Accidents and ad#erse e;ects increased

signicantly by 11 years during 2001 to 2012

V. The standardized mortality rate for males decreased by 16"compared %ith 2001.

In 2012, +ales had higher nu+ber of deaths, crude death rate, and

standardi*ed death rate than fe+ales, by 1>1) ti+es

The nu+ber of deaths for +ales was &,1&) The standardi*ed +ortality was

)1 deaths per 100,000 population, which was a fall of 04 fro+ 2011, and a

fall of 1(4 fro+ 2001

In 2012, eight of the ten leading causes for +ales re+ained the sa+e as in2011 Chronic respiratory diseases, the )th causes in 2011, e6changed with

diabetes +ellitus, the (th cause in 2011, beca+e the (th cause in 2012

The 10 leading cause of death for +ales and its percent of total deaths in

2012 were as follows8

$1' 5alignant neoplas+s%%2&4


$' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%(&4

$3' :neu+onia%%(24

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$' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%4

$(' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%4

$)' Diabetes +ellitus%%3&4

$' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%4

$&' .ypertensi#e diseases%%2)4

$10' Intentional self%har+ $suicide'%%2(4

As shown in ?igure (, four causes of the ten leading cause for +ales

increased in standardi*ed death rate $in =uadrant I and I@', including

hypertensi#e diseases, diseases of heart, pneu+onia, and intentional self%har+

$suicide', while others decreased $in =uadrant II and III'

VI.

The standardized mortality rate for females decreased by 2'"compared %ith 2001.

In 2012, the nu+ber of deaths for fe+ales was (0,(2( The standardi*ed

+ortality was 3 deaths per 100,000 population, which was a fall of 14

fro+ 2011, and a fall of 22(4 fro+ 2001

In 2012, eight of the ten leading causes for fe+ales re+ained the sa+e as in

2011 Chronic lower respiratory diseases, the 10th causes in 2011, e6changed

with septice+ia, the &th cause in 2011, beca+e the &th cause in 2012

The 10 leading cause of death for fe+ales and its percentage of total deaths

in 2012 were as follows8

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$1' 5alignant neoplas+s%%2)4


$' Diabetes +ellitus%%))4

$3' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%)(4

$' :neu+onia%%&4

$(' .ypertensi#e diseases%%314

$)' !ephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis%%34

$' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%24

$&' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%2)4

$10' eptice+ia%%24

As shown in ?igure ), three causes of the ten leading cause for fe+alesincreased in standardi*ed death rate $in =uadrant I and I@', including

hypertensi#e diseases , septice+ia and pneu+onia, while others decreased $in

=uadrant II and III'

VII. Infant mortality rate %as '.( ) in 2012* a '+.&" decrease from

2001.

A consistent downward trend was obser#ed in infant +ortality rate and

neonatal +ortality rate

In 2012, there were (0 infant deaths $under 1 year of age' registered, gi#ing

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a rate of ) per 1,000 li#e births The infant death rate decreased 23 deaths per

1,000 li#e births or by &34 fro+ 2001 to 2012 The infant death rate for +ales

was 30 per 1,000 li#e births, slightly higher than the rate for fe+ales, per

1,000 li#e births

There were deaths of infants aged 0%2) days in 2012, gi#e a neonatal

+ortality rate of (2( per 1,000 li#e births The rate decreased 11 deaths per

1,000 li#e births or by 1( fro+ 2001 to 2012

The +aternal +ortality rate was deaths per 100,000 li#e birth, a 2214

higher than the rate in 2001

The leading causes of death for infant were responsible for 334 of total

infant deaths The causes and its percent of total infant deaths were as follows8

$1' Diseases of the s<in and subcutaneous tissue%%22(4

$2' Accidental falls%%14

$' Accidental poisoning%%(4

$3' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%14

$' Accidental drowning and sub+ersion %%3&4

Co+pared with 200, as shown in ?igure &, 2 of 10 leading causes for infants

increased both in its crude death rate and percent of total infant deaths $in

=uadrant I', including Infections specic to the perinatal period and udden

infant death syndro+e /n the contrary, of 10 causes decreased both in its

crude death rate and percent of total infant deaths $in =uadrant III', including

respiratory disorders originating in the perinatal period, accidents and ad#erse

e;ects and pneu+onia, while the rate for pneu+onia decreased the +ost by

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324

VIII. ,ccidents and adverse e-ects %as still the most common case for

decedents aged 11&.

There were (2 deaths aged 1%13 in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of 1) per

100,000 population which was a 3 deaths lower per 100,000 population or 4

lower than the rate of 2001

B6cept Typhoon 5ora<ot in 200&, the crude rate for the age group 1%13

continued its long%ter+ decreasing trend, which was )24 lower than the rate of

1&1 and &4 lower than the rate of 2001

The 3 leading causes of death for those aged 1%13 were responsible for

334 of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as follows8



$' Congenital +alfor+ations, defor+ations and chro+oso+al

abnor+alities%%34


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Co+pared with 2001, as shown in ?igure 10, of 10 leading cause for those

aged 1%13 increased in its crude death rate $shown in =uadrant I', of which

Diseases of the +usculos<eletal syste+ and connecti#e tissue, intentional self%

har+, and assault $ho+icide' increased signicantly by 2(1)4, (4 and

(4 respecti#ely /#er the sa+e period, accidents and ad#erse e;ects

decreased in its crude rate the +ost by (014, and its percent of deaths by

134

IX. ,ccidents and adverse e-ects and intentional selfharm /sicide

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%ere the 2 most common for those aged 152&* combined

acconting for 60".

There were 1,30 deaths aged 1%23 in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of 31( per

100,000 population In long ter+, death rates for those aged 1%23 declined

consistently by (124 fro+ 1&1 to 2012 or ()4 fro+ 2001 to 2012

The leading causes of death for those aged 1%23 were responsible for

3(14 of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as follows8$1' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%3(14

$2' Intentional self%har+ $suicide' %% 13(4

$' 5alignant neoplas+s %% 11(4


aged 1%23 increased in its crude death rate $shown in =uadrant I', of which the

rate .I@ increased the +ost signicantly by +ore than )004 and the percent of

total deaths for intentional self%har+ increased the +ost by )3 percent /#er thesa+e period, accidents and ad#erse e;ects and assault $ho+icide' decreased

both in crude death rate and percent of total deaths $shown in =uadrant III'

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X. #alignant neoplasms %as the o.1 iller for those aged 25&&.

There were &,& deaths aged 2%33 in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of 12(

per 100,000 population The death rate decreased by 204 co+pared the rate of

2001

The leading causes of death for those aged 2%33 were responsible for (4of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as follows8


$2' Intentional self%har+ $suicide'%%1&4

$' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%1(4

$3' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%&14

$' Diseases of heart $e6cept hypertensi#e diseases'%%)24

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The leading causes of death for those aged 3%(3 were responsible for

3234 of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as follows8


$2' Diseases of heart $e6cept hypertensi#e diseases'%%&4

$' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%(14

$3' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%(4

$' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%4

Co+pared with 2001, as shown in ?igure 1, 3 of 10 leading cause for those

aged 3%(3 increased in crude death rate and percent of total deaths $shown in

=uadrant I' while causes decreased both in crude death rate and percent of

total deaths $shown in =uadrant III' including accidents and ad#erse e;ects,

cerebro#ascular diseases and diabetes +ellitus which showed less e;ect

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3II. The crde death rate for the age grop 65 and over declined by

1.6" throghot 2001 to 2012.

The decedents aged ( and o#er accounted for (4 of total deaths The

crude death rate for the age showed a persistent downward trend, especially for

the age group of (%)3 with a fall of o#er 04 co+pared with the rate in 1&1

There were 10,&0) deaths aged ( and o#er in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of

3,102 per 100,000 population The death rate decreased by 1(4 co+pared

the rate of 2001 The 10 leading causes of death for those aged ( and o#er were responsible

for )24 of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as

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follows8



$' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%4

$3' :neu+onia%%)&4

$' Diabetes +ellitus%%(&4

$(' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%(4

$)' .ypertensi#e diseases%%34

$' !ephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis%%4

$&' eptice+ia%%2&4



aged ( and o#er increased in crude death rate and percent of total deaths$shown in =uadrant I' while causes decreased both in crude death rate and

percent of total deaths $shown in =uadrant III' and cerebro#ascular diseases

decreased +ost signicantly

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XIII. #alignant neoplasms

a. Lung and liver cancer were still the 2 leading causes of cancer

death in 2012.

The nu+ber of deaths caused by cancer$+alignant neoplas+s' was 3,((,

accounting for 234 of total deaths, gi#ing a 11 deaths per 100,000 standard

population, which was 0)4 lower than the rate of 2011 and 24 lower than therate of 2001

5alignant neoplas+s has been the 1st leading cause since 1&2 The

standardi*ed +ortality rate for +alignant neoplas+s was 11& 00000 in 1&(,

pea<ing in1&&) at 133 00000 , starting a downtrend trend since then, and at

11 00000 in 2012

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As shown in ?igure 22, the percent of total deaths for +alignant neoplas+s

increased 123 percent fro+ 1(04 in 1&1 to 23 in 2012 The percent of total

deaths were consistently greater for +ales than fe+ales

As shown in ?igure 2, the ten leading causes of cancer death were sorted

into ran< order according to crude death rate

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Co+pared with 2001, as shown in ?igure 23, of 10 leading cause of cancer

death showed an increase in standardi*ed death rate $shown in =uadrant I and

I@' and cancer of oral ca#ity showed a signicant increase of 14 other

causes showed a decline in standardi*ed +ortality rate /n the other hand,

causes decreased in standardi*ed death rate $shown in =uadrant II and III' ,

especially for cancers of cer#i6 uteri and uterus, part unspecied $ a fall of

3(4'

b. The standardized mortality for females increased over the

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previous year.

There were 2),2)0 +ale decedents and 1(,& decedents due to cancer,

gi#ing a age%adusted rate of 1)03 and &1 deaths per 100,000 population

respecti#ely The +ale%to%fe+ale ratio for the age%adusted rate was 1 The rate

for +ales decreased by deaths fro+ 2011, and 100 deaths fro+ 2001 per

100,000 population, while the rate for fe+ales increased by 1) deaths fro+

2011, and 100 deaths fro+ 2001 per 100,000 population

Co+pared the 10 leading causes of cancer death for +ales and fe+ales in

2012, the biggest se6 di;erence was obser#ed in cancer of oesophagus and

cancer of oral ca#ity, gi#ing a ratio of +ale%to%fe+ale standardi*ed rate at 131

and 111, while the ratio was 1>22 for other causes

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c. The median age at death improved for most cancer causes

between 2001 and 2012.

The a#erage age at cancer death was ()) years in 2012, a 2 year higher

than the 2001 age The +edian age at cancer death was )00 years in 2012,

gi#ing a 2%year increase fro+ 2001 /#er the sa+e period, +edian age for +en

increased 1 year and 2 years for wo+en

hown as Table 2, out of 10 causes of cancer deaths had higher +edian

age at death than o#erall )0%year +edian age, and its worth noting cancer of

breast$fe+ale', cancer of oral ca#ity, cancer of oesophagus had a relati#e low

+edian age at death lower than (0 years

Co+pared with 2001, +ost cancers e6perienced a i+pro#e+ent in +edian

age at death, e6cept cancer of oesophagus, cancers of cer#i6 uteri and uterus,

part unspecied and cancer of pancreas

d. The decrease in standardized mortality rate was more signicant

for females than males.

The standardi*e +ortality rate for cancer was 11 per 100,000 population,

gi#ing a 11 or 24 decrease, while the rate for +ales decreased )4 and

fe+ales decreased )4

Co+pared with 2001, the decline in standardi*ed +ortality were signicant

for cancers of cer#i6 uteri and uterus $a 2(4 fall' and cancer of sto+ach$a

3)4 fall' 7ung and bile cancer were 2 leading cancer cause but showed a

decline in standardi*ed +ortality of 1034 and 11(4 respecti#ely Its worth

noting that the rate for cancer of oral ca#ity increased 20)4 throughout 2001 to

2012

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XIV. The death rate for accidents and adverse e-ects has sho%n a

consistent do%n%ard trend.

There were (,) deaths for accidents and ad#erse e;ects in 2012, gi#ing a

2 deaths per 100,000 standard population Co+pared with 2001, the nu+ber

of deaths decreased 2,(30 deaths while age%standardi*ed rate decreased 1))

deaths per 100,000 standard population

In long ter+, the death rate for accidents and ad#erse e;ects has shown a

consistent downward trend e6cept &21 earth=ua<e in 1&&& and Typhoon 5ora<ot

in 200& The standardi*ed death rate declined ()4 fro+ )& deaths in 1&1 to

2 deaths per 100,000 population in 2012

Co+pared with 2001, the percent of total accident deaths by detail groupings

in 2012 in creased for accidental poisoning and accidental falls by 334 and 04

respecti#ely, but decreased for accidental drowning and transport accidents by

04 and 04

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3$. Intentional selfharm /sicide

a. The number of deaths for intentional self!harm increased for

females but decreased for males throughout 2001!2012 period.

There were ,)(( deaths for intentional self%har+ in 2012, gi#ing a ran<ing of

11th The age%adusted rate was 11 per 100,000 population, 114 higher thanthe rate of 2001

b. The standardized death rates of suicide were consistently

greater for males than females

Intentional self%har+ caused ,)(( deaths in 2012, of which (4 were +ales

and 4 were fe+ales, and ran<ed 10th and 12th for +ales and fe+ales

respecti#ely The +ale%to%fe+ale ratio of crude death rate was 1

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Co+pared with 2001, the death rate increased for age group ( and o#er

increased, while the death rate re+ained or decreased for other age groups

3$I. 4otential years of life lost

a. "verage potential years of life was 1#.$ years in 2012, a 2.%!year

fall from 2001.

The potential years of life lost under age )0 $:F77, see8 Table 3s note 1' was

1,021,012 person%years, 1024 lower than the :F77 of 2001, and the a#erage

years of life lost $AF77, see8 Table 3s note 2' was 1) years, with a decline of 2

years co+pared with the #alue of 2001

The :F77 for +ales was )10,10& person%years and for fe+ales was 10,&0

persons years, while the AF77 was 1))$a fall of 2 years fro+ 2001' and 1)1$a

fall of 22 years fro+ 2001' years respecti#ely

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b. "ccidents and adverse e&ects, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

and diseases of heart had the highest value for "'LL.

The AF77 for 10 leading causes were as follow8

$1' 5alignant neoplas+s%%133 years

$2' Diseases of heart $e6cept hypertensi#e diseases'%%1 years

$' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%1 years

$3' :neu+onia%%1( years

$' Diabetes +ellitus%%113 years

$(' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%2(3 years

$)' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%10( years

$' .ypertensi#e diseases%%12 years

$&' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%1) years

$10' !ephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis%%11& years

Co+pared with 2001, accidents and ad#erse e;ects, pneu+onia, +alignant

neoplas+s, chronic lower respiratory diseases, nephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and

nephrosis, and chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis declined in AF77 $shown in

Table 3'

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c. (alignant neoplasms had a "'LL at 1).) years, which was 1.0 year

lower than 2001.

The total :F77 for +alignant neoplas+ was 1,&0 person%years, 13( 4

higher than the #alue of 2001, and the AF77 was 133 years, with a decline of 10

year co+pared with the #alue of 2001

The AF77 for the 10 leading causes of cancer death were as follows8

$1' Cancers of trachea, bronchus and lung%%11 years

$2' Cancers of li#er and intrahepatic bile ducts%%11 years

$' Cancers of colon, rectu+ and anus%%1) years

$3' Cancer of breast$?e+ale'%%1(2 years

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$' Cancer of oral ca#ity%%1() years

$(' Cancer of sto+ach%%131 years

$)' Cancer of prostate%%( years

$' Cancer of pancreas%%11& years

$&' Cancer of oesophagus%%1 years

$10' Cancers of cer#i6 uteri and uterus, part unspecied%%1& years

Co+pared with 2001, cancer of trachea, bronchus and lung, cancer of

pancreas and cancer of oesophagus had a higer #alue of AF77, while other had a

lower #alue of AF77

d. "'LL was 2*.) years for accidents and adverse e&ects and 2$.#

years for intentional self!harm +suicide.

Accidents and ad#erse e;ects had a AF77 at 2(3 years, and 2)0 for +ales

and 23( years for fe+ales Co+pared with the #alue in 2001, a fall of 3), 31

and ( years for both se6es, +ales and fe+ales separately was obser#ed in

2012 ?or the detail grouping of accidents and ad#erse e;ect as shown in Table (,accidental drowning and sub+ersion had the highest #alue of AF77 at 2& while

accidental falls had lowest #alue at 1&& years Co+pared with 2001, the AF77

decreased for all groupings of accidents and ad#erse e;ects, and accidents

caused by re and Ga+es decreased the +ost by & years

The AF77 for intentional self%har+ $suicide' was 2) years, 22 years for

+ales and 2( for fe+ales Co+pared with 2001, the AF77 decreased by 0(

year, and by 0& year and 01 year for +ales and fe+ale respecti#ely

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Caues of Death in Taiwan, 2012

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