Categories of disease Genetic (born with – even if disease doesn’t develop till later in life)...
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![Page 1: Categories of disease Genetic (born with – even if disease doesn’t develop till later in life) Infectious – Virus and bacterial Environmental / Self-inflicted.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f145503460f94c28679/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Categories of disease
• Genetic (born with – even if disease doesn’t develop till later in life)
• Infectious – Virus and bacterial• Environmental / Self-inflicted
Develop because of life habits or surroundings
• Combination – combination of any/all of above (especially genetic and environmental)
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Diabetes
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What is Diabetes?• A group of diseases characterized by high levels
of blood glucose (blood sugar) and associated with inability to make or regulate insulin.
• Can lead to serious health problems and premature death
NIDDK, National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet. HHS, NIH, 2005.
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20.8 million Americans have diabetes with 1-2 million new cases being diagnosed each
year.
54 million US adults (over age 20) have pre-diabetes
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EVERY 24 HOURS• New Cases – 4,100
• Deaths – 810
• Amputations – 230
• Kidney Failure – 120
• Blindness - 55
National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet. HHS, NIH, 2005.
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Diabetes Complications• 2 in 3 people with diabetes die of heart
disease or stroke
• Diabetes is the #1 cause of adult blindness
• Diabetes is the #1 cause of kidney failure
• Diabetes causes more than 60% of non-traumatic lower-limb amputations each year
NIDDK, National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet. HHS, NIH, 2005.
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Insulin
A Protein made in the pancreas that regulates
glucose levels.
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Type One• Genetic predisposition
• Usually onset in childhood or early teenage years
• 5-10% of diagnosed cases
• Immune system attacks pancreas which is where insulin is made.
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Type Two Diabetes
• 90-95 % of all cases
• Linked to obesity, a sedentary (non-active) lifestyle, and a diet high in sugar
• Can begin at any age
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Risk Factors for Diabetes• Age 45 and older• Overweight (BMI ≥ 25)• Hypertension• Abnormal lipid levels• Family history of diabetes• Race/ethnicity• History of gestational
diabetes
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2008; 31;(Suppl.1):S12-54.
• History of vascular disease• Signs of insulin resistance
(such as PCOS or
acanthosis nigricans)
• IGT or IFG on previous test• Inactive lifestyle
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Diagnostic Criteria for Pre-diabetes and Diabetes
Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG)
2-Hour Glucose Challenge Test
Acceptable Below 100 mg/dl Below 140 mg/dl
Pre-diabetes
100-125 mg/dl (IFG) 140-199 mg/dl (IGT)
Diabetes 126 mg/dl or above 200 mg/dl or above
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2008; 31;(Suppl.1):S12-54.
.
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The Great Limiting FactorThe Great Limiting Factor
•Weight gain, diet and exercise
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Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia Prevention StrategiesPrevention StrategiesMonitoring
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Obesity Trends1990 2001
Diabetes Trends1990 2001
BRFSS, 1990- 2001
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The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Diabetes Education Program is jointly sponsored by the
National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the support of more than 200 partner organizations.
For more information about NDEP and to order free diabetes materials:
Call 1-888-693-NDEP (6337)
or
Click www.YourDiabetesInfo.org