Catalyst of Love 2011

Monday Mystery Element!

1. Easily magnetized2. Important for human

nutrition by preventing anemia

3. Can become radioactive and emit gamma rays (can treat cancer)

Catalyst – October 2(2), 2010

Monday Mystery Element!

1. Easily magnetized.2. Important for human

nutrition by preventing anemia.

3. Can become radioactive and emit gamma rays (can treat cancer).

COBALT!

Today’s Agenda

Catalyst Turn in Projects Special Valentine’s Message New Groups Notes

Lewis Dot Structures Stable Ions and Oxidation Numbers Octet Rule

Exit QuestionHW: Read 12.1 and 12.4,

Finish Wksht

Today’s Objectives

SWBAT describe a chemical bond.

SWBAT draw Lewis Dot Structures for atoms and ions.

SWBAT use the octet rule to predict the stable ion an atom will form in a chemical bond.

Happy Valentine’s Day…Scientifically! http://www.flickr.co

m/photos/phyz/sets/72157625985944742/show/

Front Door

Projector2nd Period

Group 3

Richielle, Michael, Amanda,

Group 2

David, Alexis, Spencer,

Group 1

Frank, Jordan, Zain,

Andre

Group 6

Phoebe, Johnny, Baily,

Don

Group 4

Casey, Marissa, Tywanda

Group 9

NO STUDENTS

Group 8

Casey, Chris, Karen

Group 7

NO STUDENTS

Group 5

Kyle, Josh, Ebony,

Caroline

Front Door

Projector3rd Period

Group 3

Jessica, Paula, Daniel, Jill

Group 2

Chad, Danielle, Victoria

Group 1

Jamal, Ja’Shion, Destiny, A’Lena

Group 6

Kat, Kendell, Jill, Carolina

Group 4

Ciara, Epiphany,

Nadia, Earnest

Group 9

NO STUDENTS

Group 8

NO STUDENTS

Group 7

NO STUDENTS

Group 5

Robert, Gilberto, Katelyn,

Front Door

Projector4th Period

Group 3

Gecoba, Cedric, India,

Kasey

Group 2

Patrion, William, Mignon,

Group 1

Kendall, Eugene, Gino,

Adriona

Group 6

Jessie, Tarje, Jamie, Karla

Group 4

Shannon, Nick, Amber,

Centoria

Group 9

NO STUDENTS

Group 8

NO STUDENTS

Group 7

NO STUDENTS

Group 5

Darrell, Carlee, Donya,

Unit 3: Chemical Hook-Ups

In this unit, you will be learning about how atoms hook-up, or bond. The unit will include… Lewis Dot Structures: Octet Rule,

Stable Ions, Number of Bonds Ionic Compounds vs. Covalent

Compounds Formulas and Names for

Compounds Chemistry.com profile and Speed

Dating

What is a compound?

Key Point #1: A compound results from interaction between valence electrons of different atoms.

Bonding

Key Point #2: There are two main ways that valence electrons interact between atoms to create chemical bonds:

By completely transferring them to another element Ionic Bond

By sharing electrons with another element Covalent Bond

Ionic this week, Covalent next week!

NOTES:LEWIS DOT

STRUCTURES!

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outside energy level

NUCLEUS

ALL TOGETHER, SODIUM HAS 11 ELECTRONS.

SODIUM HAS 1 VALENCE ELECTRON

P=11 N=12

Don’t Forget! Valence ElectronsElectrons in the outermost level or shell of the atom that determine the chemical reactivity of an element Outer s and p electrons These electrons are involved in bonding

Lewis Dot Structures

Key Point #3: Lewis Dot Structures only show the number of valence electrons in an atom.

Valence electrons are the only electrons involved in bonding

Valence electrons are the most important electrons

Drawing Lewis Dot Structures

1. Write element symbol.2. Determine number of

valence electrons.3. Place single dot on right side

and add single dots counterclockwise.

EXAMPLES COMING UP…

LDS Example 1: Sodium (Na)

1. Write element symbol.2. Determine number of

valence electrons.3. Place single dot on right

side and add single dots counterclockwise.

LDS Example 2: Neon (Ne)

1. Write element symbol.2. Determine number of

valence electrons.3. Place single dot on right

side and add single dots counterclockwise.

You try!

1. Boron2. Oxygen3. Lithium

Lewis Dot Sructures

What do the Lewis

Dot Structures

have in common?!?

!?

I have a few QUESTIONS…

1. What kind of charge does an electron have?• (-1)

2. What kind of charge does an entire atom have?• Neutral (as many positives as negatives)

So….if an atom gains an electron what kind of charge will it have?

What about if an atom loses an electron???

First thing you need to know about ionic bonds….

Key Point #4: An ion is an element that has gained or lost an electron. Cation = positive ion (+)Anion = negative ion (-) +

-

Types of ions

Cation – a positive ion (+) “t” looks like (+)

Anion – a negative ion (-) “n” or onion for negative

Formation of Negative Ions (ANIONS) Imagine that electrons are

pieces of poop Is poop is flying into your

yard (an atom’s energy levels) a positive or negative thing?

So…if poop lands in your yard, are you more positive or more negative?

So…NEGATIVE ions are formed when an atom GAINS one or more electrons!

-

Formation of Positive Ions (CATIONS) Imagine that electrons are

pieces of poop Is poop in your yard (an

atom’s energy levels) a positive or negative thing?

So…if you get rid of the poop in your yard, are you more positive or more negative?

+

So…POSITIVE ions are formed when an atom LOSES one or more electrons!

Practice Questions

1. If an atom gains an electron it will have a ___________ charge.

2. If an atom loses an electron it will have a ___________ charge.

3. If chlorine gains 3 electrons it will have a _______ charge.

NEGATIVE

POSITIVE

3-

Ions!

Cl loses 4 Electrons

What is the stable ion?

Ions!

Cobalt gains2 electrons

What is the stable ion?

Ions!

Si3- What happened…

gain or lose…how many?

Ions

Si3- Silicon gains 3

electronsHow many total

electrons does Si have now?

Practice Problems – Write all down!

Write down the stable ion that will form for the following:

1. Sr gains 5 electrons 2. Phosphorous loses 1 electron

Then, answer how many electrons TOTAL will they have now?

Practice Problems – Write all down!

How many TOTAL electrons do the following ions have?

1. Cl2+

2. Li2-

3. Xe3+

4. O1-

5. Zn5-

Octet Rule

What is different about the valence shells of the elements on the Left and those on the Right?

The noble gases have full valence shells, the other atoms do not…

Octet Rule – Elements are

most stable when they have the

electron configuration of a

noble gas (Key Point next…)

Key Point #5: The octet rule says that atoms are most stable when they have a full valence shell (2 or 8 valence electrons).

1.Atoms can gain or lose electrons to become stable (happy)

2.Atoms with 4 or more valence electrons will GAIN electrons to become stable (happy)

3.Atoms with 3 or less valence electrons will LOSE electrons to be stable (happy)

Octet Rule

Octet Rule - Examples

How many electrons will the following atoms gain or lose to become stable (happy)? How many TOTAL electrons will the atom then have? What is the STABLE ION?

1. F2. O3. N4. Ca

Try the following on your own How many electrons will the

following atoms gain or lose to become stable (happy)? How many TOTAL electrons will the atom then have? What is the STABLE ION?

1. P2. Kr3. Ca4. I5. K

Worksheet for Class or HW

Half Shee – eet!Take care of your

bidness and complete it tonight!

Exit Question

1. Anion = _______ charge, Cation = _______ charge2. What is the STABLE ION that will form for the

following elements? (Give the oxidation number)

Li Te

4. Draw the LDS for the following elements: Sulfur Magnesium

HW: Read 12.1 and 12.4, Finish Wksht