Catalyst #1 Pg. 3

1. What is something exciting you did over the break. Explain with as much detail as possible, so that I can imagine it in my own mind. 2. What is one thing you are looking forward to this semester?3. How are you going to make this semester better for you and your grades?

Semester 2 Table of Contents

1. Unit 3 Learning Log- Pg. 1

2. Lesson 57- Introduction Evolution Pg. 3-6

Assigned Vocabulary- Due: 1/23-1/24

1. Adaptation2. Variation3. Evolution4. Homologous structure5. Vestigial structure6. Comparative Anatomy7. Natural Selection

Vocabulary Due

Announcements

• Flashcards Due: Next Wednesday

What do you know about evolution?

• BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS:– Noise level 0- silent– Facing forward– Head up

• DIRECTIONS:– Fill out whether you believe the statement is true

or false

Let’s Check it Out

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/famousscientists/charlesdarwin/

Finches Found on the Galapagos- Pg. 3 Under the Catalyst

• What is different between all the different birds?

• What type of food does the large tree finch eat?

• What type of food does the large ground finch eat?

• Why do you think these two birds eat different things?

• Why do you think the beak size between all the birds is different?

Who Is Charles Darwin Reading

• BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS:– Noise level 0- silent– Facing forward– Head up– Follow Along

• DIRECTIONS:– Follow along on the reading– Be ready to be called on to read outloud

Get Ready for Notes Pg. 4-5

• BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS:– Noise level 0- silent– Facing forward– Head up

Intro to Evolution

Intro to Evolution

Before Darwin- Don’t Write

• In the mid 1700’s Carl Linnaeus, a botanist and zoologist, travelled the globe and noticed that similar creatures existed on each continent, but with slight differences.

• Carl Linnaeus was one of the first to try to officially categorize the many species of the world.

Before Darwin-Don’t Write

• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, a French naturalist built off of Linneus’ ideas in the late 1700’s and stated that these creatures must have been able to change their traits over time to better fit into an ecosystem.

• Lamarck’s ideas formed mainly around an organisms ability to “will itself” to be different.– Example of Lamarck’s thinking: A giraffe want to

reach higher leaves for food, so it stretches its neck. By stretching, it changes its genes and passes the stretched neck to its children.

Charles Darwin-Don’t Write

• In the mid-1800’s Charles Darwin refuted Lamarck’s claim, stating that an organism cannot change its genes in its lifetime, but organisms with genes that are beneficial to its survival will be produce the most offspring, organisms with less beneficial genes will die off or be outcompeted.

• This concept is called Survival of the Fittest – That only the organisms most “fit” to survive will pass on their genes.

Natural Selection- Write This

• Darwin proposed that what we do to dogs, tomatoes, corn, cattle, etc, also happens in nature.

• Natural Selection is the gradual process of beneficial traits becoming more common in a species.

Natural Selection- Write This

• There are four major components to Natural Selection.1. Variation – Species contain a wide variety of

traits.2. Heritability – These traits pass to offspring.3. Overproduction – Species give birth to more

offspring than will survive.4. Reproductive Advantage – Some variations

allow production of more offspring because they benefit the organism’s survival

Evolution- Write This

• Natural and Artificial Selection are the mechanisms of evolution.

• Evolution is simply the changes in a species over time.

Evidence in the Fossil Record- Write This• The fossil record provides endless evidence for

evolution. • Comparative Anatomy compares the similar

structures in organisms to see their relation.

Evidences in the Fossil Record- Write This

• Homologous Structures are structures that remain similar to related organisms as change occurs.

Evidences in the Fossil Record- Write This

• Overtime, some structures become unused and unnecessary to an organism.

• Vestigial structures are structures leftover from previous forms of a species which no longer serve a purpose.

Vestigial Structuresof a whale

Vestigial Structuresin Humans

More evidence for evolution

• Comparative Embryology – Comparing embryos of species

More evidence for evolution

• Comparative Biochemistry – Comparing the chemical makeup of organisms.

More evidence for evolution

• Geographic Distribution – Studying the ways that organisms may have migrated across continents which lead to change.

Adaptation

• Adaptation is a trait shaped by natural selection which increases an organisms reproductive success.

• Adaptation acts on organisms most ‘fit’ to their environment.

• Fitness is the measure of the best expressed traits which increase survival.

Adaptation• Camouflage is an adaptation which, through

gradual change over time, allowed some organisms to avoid predation.

Let’s Figure it Out Together

• Look at the worksheet in front of you and answer the questions.

• Follow along.• Be ready to be called on