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2
ConTenTs
Benefts 2
General Description 3
Lubrication Systems and Sealing 5
Alternative Pad Materials & Design 6
Bearing Selection 7
Optional Features 11
Installation 17
Rotordynamic Studies 19
Size Tables 19
Size Codes 20
Enquiry Data Sheet 25
Waukesha Bearings 2002-2009
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Benefts o Tilting PadRadial Bearings:
Hydrodynamically stable athigh speed
Less sensitive to load direction
Less sensitive to shat misalignment
Oil ow can be minimised
Able to use standard components
Spares consist o pads only
Benefts o WaukeshaBearings:
The strength o a worldwidebearing group
Unique material options providethe widest range o hydrodynamicbearing solutions
Engineered designs that can becustomised or specifc needs
Complete design responsibility
Full technical support service including rotordynamics
Quality assurance approved to ISO 9001
Magnetic Bearings oer a totallydry solution
The widest range o test rigvalidation and support
Benefts o WaukeshaTilting Pad RadialBearings:
Simple design no seals required
Optimised lubrication or minimumpower loss and bearing temperature
Alignment capability to suit allrequirements
Compact designs o combinedaxial/radial bearings
Provision o static and dynamicperormance data as standard
Contract drawings provided orevery application
Optional North American rangebased on inch sizes
BenefiTs
Standard TJ Series bearings
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Fig 1 (a) TF Series Bearing Arrangement
Fig 1(b) TJ Series Bearing Arrangement
TF & TJ Series Bearings
Waukesha Tilting Pad Radial
Bearings in these series consist
o 4 or 5 pads located both
circumerentially and radially by
stop pins, and axially by end plates.
See Fig 1a and b. The stop pins
as well as locating the pads also
unction as oil supply nozzles.
Standard pads are centre pivoted
and are thereore suitable or either
direction o rotation.
Bearings are available with one piece
or split housings to comply with
machine assembly requirements.
Waukesha Tilting Pad Radial Bearings
are designed to transer radial loads
rom rotating shats with minimum
power loss and optimum dynamic
characteristics. They are available
in three main ranges:
TF series these are 4 pad
bearings or shat sizes 20-300mm.
TJ series these are 5 pad bearings
or shat sizes 20-300mm.
Large range (TFB & TJB series) -
these are 4 or 5 pad bearings or
shat sizes rom 300mm upwards.
The TF (4 pad) and TJ (5 pad)
series are designed on similar
principles and have identical outside
dimensions. The large range has some
dierent design eatures which are
described separately below.
The dimensions o these ranges
are given in the Size Tables
on Pg. 19.
geneRal desCRiPTion
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Fig 2 Defnition o Clearance Terms (Preset Ratio)
TJB400-280/2DF bearing with jacking combined with high perormance
copper chrome backed thrust pads
Large Range BearingsTFB & TJB series
For larger shat sizes it is usually
necessary to consider improved
orms o pad pivot design to
ensure high stiness combined
with ability to tilt and align;
sealing requirements also can
oten be more onerous. The
range shown in Table 4 o the
Size Tables has been ormulatedto deal with these requirements
and in particular a spherical pad
pivot is provided which combines
high stiness with good alignment
capability. Dimensions given in
Table 4 are or b/d = 0.7 bearings:
other b/d ratios can be supplied
i required.
Note that the various optional
eatures available with the Style
TF and Style TJ series are also
available in the Large Range.
Materials
Standard pads are steel backed,
lined with tin based whitemetal
(babbitt) to specifcation ISO Sn
Sb8 Cu4. Equivalent specifcations
are BS 3332/A and SAE12.
The housings and endplates are
steel or the standard bearing
arrangement. Floating seals when
used are normally manuactured
in lead bronze and knie edge end
plates in aluminium alloy.
Preset
Standard pads are supplied
with positive preset (or preload)
ratio in the range 0.35-0.55
when used with shat diameters
as recommended on Pg. 18.
The defnition o preset ratio
is shown in Fig 2.
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Fig 3 End Plate and Seal Options
luBRiCaTion sysTeMs & sealing
The standard Waukesha Tilting
Pad Radial Bearing as shown
in Fig 1(a) and (b) has the oil
ow controlled by Directed
Lubrication nozzles between
each pad with the oil exits rom
each end o the bearing being
largely ree, only large clearance
baes being provided. This
arrangement minimises power
loss and oil ow while keeping
pad temperatures low.
While the standard system
described above is ideal or
the bearing itsel, the machine
location in which it is installed
sometimes requires restriction
o the end ow rom the bearing,
either at one or both sides:
Floating seals reduce the ow
along the shat to a minimum;
i two oating seals are used,
the main ow is directed through
an orifce outlet usually at the
bottom o the bearing. Details
o the Waukesha range o
oating seals are available
on request.
Knie edge endplates, while less
eective than oating seals, oersome control o end leakage.
The our most common
combinations o seal/end plate
are shown in Fig 3 with the
identiying Style codes.
Oil supply pressure should be
between 1 and 1.5 bar though
in some circumstances pressures
down to 0.5 bar can be used.
These pressures should be
available at the oil inlet annulus
o the bearing; the bearingnozzles, orifces etc will be sized
to give the correct ow at the
specifed supply pressure.
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TJ 160-112/0 bearing with RPB25P aced pads or application with low viscosity
hydrocarbon lubricant
Whitemetal aced pads with copper
chrome backing
alTeRnaTive Pad MaTeRials
and design
Higher speeds, loads and
operating temperatures o
modern machines are
increasingly taking bearing
design beyond the limits o
whitemetal. Heat soak at
standstill can also be a problem.
Waukesha can oer the widest
choice o bearing materials
where applications exceed the
selection parameters indicated
on Pg. 7 or lubricants other
than oil are envisaged. Options
available include:
RPB25P, an engineering
polymer, especially oers
outstanding potential or high
ambient temperature
applications and water
lubrication, as well as being an
electrical insulator and resistant
to chemical attack. It can
operate at temperatures up to
120C higher than whitemetal.
Copper chrome backed pads
aced with whitemetal typically
will reduce the pad surace
temperature by 20C at higher
speeds.
Steel backed pads aced
withcopper lead can operate at
temperatures up to 40C higher
than whitemetal but require a
hardened shat surace.
Pivot PositionCentre pivoted pads are
standard as they are preerred
or bi-directional running,
oolproo assembly and
minimum spare stocks. At
higher speeds (above 60m/s)
oset pivots can oer some
bearing surace temperature
reductions and the dynamic
characteristics (stiness and
damping) may also be preerable
or some applications; allbearings can be supplied i
required with oset pivot
pads (Style OP).
Bearing with copper lead aced pads
or 50 mm shat at 60 000 min-1
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Small TJ050-035/2D bearing with Directed Lubrication or high speed
gearbox application
BeaRing seleCTion
A preliminary selection o
bearing size should be made
using the Size Tables on Pg. 19
as ollows:
1. Firstly or the shat diameter
required reer to the b/d = 0.4
Size Table and check that the
maximum load given is
adequate.
2. I the load capacity is not
adequate reer to the b/d = 0.7maximum loads and then, i
necessary, the b/d = 1.0 loads
or the required shat size.
3. I the required load capacity
is still inadequate it will be
necessary to consider using
a larger diameter bearing.
4. Waukesha would normally
propose 5 pad, TJ series,
bearings; the characteristics
o 4 pad, TF series, bearings
may be preerred or specifcapplications.
Load Capacity
The load capacity o Tilting Pad
Radial Bearings depends upon a
number o dierent actors,
principally shat speed, lubricant
viscosity and inlet temperature.
Within the speed ranges and or
the oil conditions shown in Fig
4(a), 4(b) and 4(c), the load
capacities given in the Size
Tables can be used. At speedsabove and below these ranges,
the load capacity o the
standard bearing will be
reduced and advice should be
obtained rom Waukesha.
Other actors which need to
be considered when assessing
load capacity are:
a) Direction o load the load
capacity o a tilting pad radial
bearing is aected by the
direction o the load relative tothe pad positions. In the Size
Tables the nominal load capacity
is given or the two common
orientations load on pad and
load between pads. Note that
or maximum load capacity with
a vertically downward load,
bearings can be supplied with
two pads at the bottom (Style
BP) as shown in Fig 6.
b) Load at instant o start at
this condition the specifc load*
or a TJ series bearing should
not exceed 1.4 MPa or on pad
loading or 2.2 MPa or between
pad loading. For a TF series
bearing the loading should not
exceed 2.0MPa or between
pad loading. I these loads are
exceeded the application may
need either a larger bearing (to
reduce the specifc load) or the
use o a hydrostatic (jacking)
system or use at starting and
low speed: see Pg. 13 Style J
and Fig 10.
Power Loss & Oil Flow
Power loss data or Series TJ
bearings is given in Fig 4(a),
4(b) and 4(c) or b/d = 0.4, 0.7
and 1.0 respectively. This is
based on the oil conditions
stated. Recommended oil
ows are given or a 20C
temperature rise through the
bearing. These fgures can also
be used or Series TF bearings
with standard 75 arc pads.
Pad width (mm) X shat dia (mm)
*Specifc load (MPa) =
Load (N)
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Fig 4(a) Power loss and Oil Flow. TJ series.B/D = 0.4
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Fig 4(b) Power loss and Oil Flow. TJ series.B/D = 0.7
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Fig 4(c) Power loss and Oil Flow. TJ series.B/D = 1.0
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Fig 5 Adjustable Pad Pivot Style AP
Fig 6 Two Pad Orientation Style BP
Fig 7 Curved Line Pivot Style CL
oPTional feaTuRes
Standard bearings are
available with a number o
optional eatures identifed
by Style Codes as ollows.
Adjustable Pivots.Style AP
In some cases especially on
prototype units it is desirable
to have the ability to alter the
bearing clearance: this can beachieved within standard
dimensions by having pads with
adjustable pivots see Fig 5.
Pad Arc Length.Style AR
Four pad bearings (Series TF)
and fve pad bearings (Series TJ)
are normally supplied with 75
and 60 arc pads respectively.
Series TF bearings can also be
supplied with 60 arc pads by
speciying Style AR60.
Two Pad Orientation.Style BP
This style see Fig 6 may be
required either or maximum
load capacity with a vertically
downward load (see Pg. 7)
and/or or its particular stiness
and damping characteristics.
Curved Line Pivot.
Style CL
Standard Waukesha pads have
a line pivot over hal the pad length.
While this oers signifcant ability
to deal with misalignment, in
some cases increased ability to
deal with axial misalignment is
required and the Style CL can be
used this oers a line pivot on
a curved surace. See Fig 7.
External dimensions o the
standard bearing are not aected.
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Fig 8 Temperature Sensor Installation Style IT2
Fig 9 Proximity Probe Installation Style IR
Floating Seals.Style FL
Where oil leakage along the
shat rom one or both ends
o the bearing must be kept to
a minimum, oating seals are
recommended see Pg. 5.
Temperature Sensors.
Style IT1 & IT2Bearings can be supplied
either with provision or ftting
temperature sensors (Style IT1)
or, i desired, already ftted with
sensors o Waukesha supply
(Style IT2). A typical installation
is shown in Fig 8.
Inormation required when
speciying Style IT1 is:
Sensor hole size required.
Number o sensor holes andin which pads (or Waukesha
choice).
Position in pad and at which
end (or Waukesha choice).
When speciying Style IT2,
inormation required is
similar. In addition we need
to know:
Type o sensor (RTD or
thermocouple, single or
duplex).
Electrical characteristics
or example 2 or 3 wire circuit
or RTDs, material pair or
thermocouples.
Cable length and termination
or example is a terminal head
required and i so what specif-
cation has it to meet.
Proximity Probes.Style IR
Bearings can be supplied
with provision or mounting
proximity probes on the end
plates see Fig 9. Inormation
required when speciying
this option is:
Sensor size details
o astening required.
Number and positiono probes.
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oPTional feaTuRes(ConTinued)
Fig 10 Hydrostatic jacking Style J
TJB series bearing with Flooded Lubrication or large turbo generator
TJB series bearing with hydrostatic jacking in two lower pads
Hydrostatic Jacking.Style J
Bearings can be supplied with
hydrostatic jacking in cases
where there is a high load at
the instant o start (see Pg. 7
Load Capacity). Waukesha
will speciy the required oil
supply quantity and pressure
or the hydrostatic system
when given the starting loadconditions. See Fig 10 or a
typical installation arrangement.
Knie-edge End Plates.Style KN
Where some control o the oil
leakage rom one end o thebearing is required, knie-edge
end plates may be used
see Pg. 5.
Oset Pivot Pads.Style OP
Oset pivot pads, instead o the
standard centre pivot pads, can
be supplied as outlined on Pg. 6.
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TJ250-140/0D bearing combined with high performance thrust bearing using copper chrome backed thrust pads
Axial Loads.Styles TL & TP
Bearings can be supplied with
either single or double axial aces
to accommodate axial loads
see Figs 11 and 12.
The most compact arrangement
is the Style TL with either uni-
or bi-directional taper land aces
or plain grooved aces load
capacities o these alternatives
are given in Fig 11.
To speciy these the ollowing
Style codes should be used:
Style TLG Plain grooved ace
Style TLU Taper land ace
(uni-directional)
Style TLB Taper land ace
(bi-directional)
For higher axial loads Style
TP should be used which
incorporates tilting pad aces
rom the Waukesha MS rangeas described in Designers
Handbook No 5A. The unique
system o Directed Lubrication
with centre pivot pads will
normally be used or Style TP
axial aces.
The codes TLG, TLU, TLB and
TP speciy a single axial ace: i
a double axial ace is required
a 2 sufx should be added i.e.
TLG2 etc.
I these eatures are required,
the value o the axial load atthe instant o start up as well
as during running should be
stated in the enquiry.
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Sizes and Axial Load Capacity or Style TL(or single letter dimensions see main dimension tables Pgs. 21-23)
NOTE Load capacities or taperland aces are or preliminary guidance only: they are based on the high speed
dotted line in FIG 4(a) with the same oil conditions
Fig 11 Plain/taper land Axial Faces Style TL (Assemblies with low/medium axial load capacity)
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Sizes and Axial Load Capacity or Style TP(or single letter dimensions see main dimension tables Pgs. 21-23)
NOTE Tilting pad axial bearings are rom the MS range as described in Designers Handbook 5A: see bearing selection comments or restrictions in
use o maximum load capacity.
Fig 12 Tilting Pad Axial Faces Style TP (Assemblies with high axial load capacity)
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Fig 13 Alternative Bearing Location Methods
Methods o LocationBearings are available with alternative methods o location see Fig 13.
Diametral Clearance& Shat Diameter
This range o Tilting Pad Radial Bearings
is based on a standard bearing bore or
all operating conditions; the necessary
change in diametral clearance or various
shat speeds is obtained by varying the shat
diameter. This enables standard pads or
each size to be used which simplifescustomer records and minimises inventory.
Waukeshas recommended minimum
diametral clearance at the pivots or
normal usage is shown in Fig 14. In
some circumstances clearances obtained
rom this fgure can be reduced, but it
is recommended that Waukesha be
consulted beore reductions are made.
Note: Bearing clearance ratio =
Diametral clearance over pivots
Nominal bearing boreFig 14 Minimum Diametral Clearance
BEARING CLEARANCE RATIO
insTallaTion
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Fig 15 Bearing and Shat Tolerances
The example below will show how maximum/minimum fgures can
be established or both diametral clearance and shat diameter
when Waukesha standard Tilting Pad Radial Bearings are used.
Example:
It is desired to establish the clearances and shat diameter or a
TJ050-020/2DF which has to run at 17 385 min-1 maximum speed.
(1) rom Fig 14 bearing clearance ratio or 17 385 min-1 = 0.00173
thereore minimum diametral clearance =
0.00173 X 50= 0.087mm.
(2) rom Fig 15 tolerance on diametral clearance or 50 = 0.051mm
thereore maximum diametral clearance = 0.087 +0.051
= 0.138mm.
(3) maximum shat dia = nominal size minimum dia clearance
= 50.000 0.087
= 49.913mm
(4) tolerance on shat dia rom Fig 15 or 50mm = 0.016mm
thereore minimum shat dia
= 49.913-0.016
= 49.897mm
Shat surace fnish varies with size. A typical fgure is 0.4 micron Ra
(approx. 16 microinch CLA) or a diameter o 100mm. A hardenedshat is not usually required.
Load Direction
Relative to Pads
The load capacity o a Tilting
Pad Radial Bearing is aected
by the direction o the load as
mentioned on Pg. 7. When the
load vector alls on the centre
o a pad, the maximum specifc
load recommended is approxi-
mately 2.1 MPa, and when it
alls between the pads it isapproximately 2.8 MPa. These
values are used or the
maximum loads given in the
Size Tables on Pg. 19.
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RoToRdynaMiC sTudies
Waukesha can undertake ull rotating machine studies,
including response to unbalance and stability, and
undamped natural requency. These studies utilize
bearing coefcients obtained rom in-house computer
design programmes.
This calls or an exchange o data in some detail, and
the eect o design eatures on machine stability can
oten be examined live on our computer screens.
size TaBles
Table 1: b/d = 0.4 bearings TF & TJ series 20-300mm shat dia
Table 2: b/d = 0.7 bearings TF & TJ series 20-300mm shat dia
Table 3: b/d = 1.0 bearings TF & TJ series 20-300mm shat dia
Table 4: b/d = 0.7 bearings TFB & TJB series 300-700mm shat dia
These tables show the sizes o the bearings which have been selected as described on Pg. 7.
When the sizes have been confrmed rom these tables, reer to Pg. 20 which shows how
the ull size code is produced by adding sufxes.
All dimensions in these tables are in millimetres unless otherwise stated.
Undamped Natural Frequency Analysis
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Pedestal bearing assembly or gas turbine generator incorporating TJB series bearing with jacking
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size Codes
Code Nomenclature
Waukesha Tilting Pad Radial Bearings are identifed by a two part code which consists
o the bearing size ollowed by a sufx indicating the type o construction.
The size designation is shown in the let-hand column o the Size Tables on Pg. 19 while
the sufx options are shown below.
In addition to the basic two part code, various additional eatures can be specifed by
reerencing an appropriate Style option rom Pg. 11. Note than in many cases the use
o the Style designation does not completely describe the eature required and additional
inormation is required.
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2221
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2322
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2423
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Orders & Enquiries
When enquiring or or ordering
Waukesha Tilting Pad Radial
Bearings rom this Handbook,
we recommend that the
anticipated operating conditions
are given so that confrmation can
be given or the bearing selection.
Please use the Data Sheet on
Pg. 25 or state the ollowing:
1. Application.
2. Shat diameter
with tolerance i
non-standard shat
to be used.
3. Shat speed normal and
maximum.
4. Load normal, maximum and
at start-up, also angle and
whether steady or rotating.
5. Oil grade to be used
also inlet temperature
and pressure at entry
to the bearing.
6. Optional eatures
I these are required,
additional inormation
may be needed as indicated
in the appropriate
Style description.
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enquiRy daTa sHeeT
foR WaukesHa TilTing Pad Radial BeaRingComplete data and send to:
E-mail: [email protected]
or, or additional contact inormation, visit: www.waukeshabearings.com
Please confrm bearing selection and give estimated operating data or the ollowing:
Name:
Company:
Contact E-mail:
Project Re:
Date:
1. General
application
4. Lubricant
type
size code or ISO viscosity grade
shat diameter or viscosity at stated temperature
quantity temperature at bearing inlet
pressure at bearing inlet
2. Radial Load
normal
5. Shat Speed
normalmax continuous
at instant o start up
max continuous
direction
overspeed
steady or rotating
6. Special Needs3. Axial Load i present
normal
max continuous
at instant o start up
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engineeRed BeaRing
soluTions
The type o bearing described
in this Handbook is one o a
complete range o shat support
products which Waukesha Bearings
manuactures or rotating
machinery (turbines, compressors,
pumps, gearboxes, motors,
generators, couplings, etc).
Some other products in the
Waukesha Bearings range:
Equalised and Unequalised Tilting
Pad Thrust Bearings.
Horizontal Bearing Assemblies,
Sel Contained and Force
Lubricated.
Vertical Bearing Assemblies, Sel
Contained and Force Lubricated.
Medium and Heavywall Fixed
Profle Journal Bearings.
Fixed Profle Thrust Washers.
Marine Thrust and Line Shat Units.
Bearings or Water and Product
Lubrication.
Active Magnetic Bearing Systems.
Spares, Repairs and Bearings to
Customer Drawings.
Note: The inormation in thisHandbook is given in good aith
but no guarantee is given or implied
in respect o such inormation.
Waukesha products are subject
to continued development and
Waukesha reserves the right to
make changes in the specifcation
and design o their products
without prior notice.
TJB400-240/2 bearing with insulation or dia 400mm shat at 3000 rev/min
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www.whbr.cmCHoose THe BenCHMaRk.