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Cassava Cultivars for Gari Production

Peter Kulakow, Ismail Rabbi, Elizabeth Parkes, Chiedozie Egesi, Tahirou

Abdoulaye

GCP21 Gari Revolution Workshop4 October 2016Contact: [email protected]


1. Cassava breeding objectives2. Cassava variety release and adoption in Nigeria

3. Progress in 50 year of cassava breeding4. New tools to increase genetic gains5. Commercial cassava seed systems

Overview


Cassava Markets in Nigeria

1 Source: Context Network analysis based on field research, farmer interviews, and published source analysis2 Garri: “CTA Presentation”, October 20143 Industrial and Other Processed Food: “Sahel Rapid Appraisal of Nigerian Markets for Cassava”, August 2013

Boil and eat – fresh consumption

Gari

Other Food Products (fufu, lafun and others)

Industry


Current Priority Cassava Breeding Objectives

Yield1. High yield of 20 t/ha under stress conditions and 60 t/ha in excellent

conditions – determined by variety, management and environment2. Dry matter content above – 35%3. Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease and Cassava Brown Streak Disease4. Resistance to Cassava Bacterial Blight5. Drought tolerance

Quality – Regional and Market Specific1. White roots – high starch2. Yellow roots with at least 15 µg/g fresh weight total carotenoids3. Low cyanogenic potential4. Poundable year round for boil and eat5. Suitable for garri, fufu, starch, flour, chips


• Maturity: Early maturity for harvest beginning at 7 to 10 months

• In-‐ground storage for harvest flexibility from 15 to 24 months• Shelf Life: Roots that can be stored more than 3 days • Ease of peeling by hand or machine• Suitability for leaf harvest with minimal impact on root yield• Stem quality for storage and high germination• Suitability mechanization: planting and harvesting• Friendly for Weed Control: Tolerance to herbicides or plant

type• Suitability of peels as livestock feed: Conversion of waste to

valued added product produced primarily by women is a gender relevant characteristic

Additional cassava traits Many have important gender and equity dimensions


Officially released varieties

• 46 Released Cassava Varieties in Nigeria

• All are suitable for gari production –as tested in on-farm trials

• 6 varieties of biofortified cassava – Vitamin A cassava


Adoption of improved varieties in Nigeria

• Cassava Monitoring Study in Nigeria (IITA, NRCRI)• 2500 households in 16 major cassava producing states

• Employed DNA fingerprinting to identify each accession by matching them to library of known improved clones and landraces

• Sample size: – 7411 samples– 3891 Reference Library– Total of 11578 accessions

• Supported by BMGF and RTB


Number of samples matching released varieties –region-wise

0

100

200

300

400

500

600TM

S 30572

AR1-‐81/CR1

2-‐…

MS-‐3 (Odo

ngbo

)

MS-‐6 (Antiota)

TMS 50395

TME 419

TMS I011368

NR 8082

TMS 980505

TMS 980581

TMS 30555

TMS 4(2)1425

TMS 920057

TMS 011412

TMS 980002

NR 87184

TMS 920326

TMS 011371

TMS 972205

Num

ber o

f sam

ples co

llected

from

farm

ers

South South (R4)

South East (R3)

South West (R2)

North (R1)

• Predominant adopted varieties were released prior to 1988• Newer varieties are visible but need greater dissemination

through cassava seed systems


Estimating Progress in IITA Breeding Program

IITA Genetic Gain Population


BREEDING POPULATION IMPROVEMENT

• Genetic Gain population composed of > 800 clones

• 36,867 plots from 6 locations and 15 years• Model : – Y = CLONE + LOC.YEAR+ REP %in% LOC.YEAR + Error


Phenotypic variation within breeding germplasm key traitsMCMDS

blups

Frequency

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

01000

3000

5000

DM

blups

Frequency

10 20 30 40 500

500

1000

1500

B

blups

Frequency

15 20 25 30 35 40 45

0100

200

300

400

500

RTWT

blups

Frequency

0 20 40 60 80

0200

400

600

800

RTNO

blups

Frequency

0 50 100 150

0200

400

600

800

MCMDS

blups

Frequency

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

01000

3000

5000

DM

blups

Frequency

10 20 30 40 50

0500

1000

1500

B

blups

Frequency

15 20 25 30 35 40 45

0100

200

300

400

500

RTWT

blups

Frequency

0 20 40 60 80

0200

400

600

800

RTNO

blups

Frequency

0 50 100 150

0200

400

600

800

Large number of clones that are high-yielding, resistant to CMD, high dry matter content are coming through breeding pipeline.

These include unreleased varieties from previous decades and newer cultivars from recent years.


Population improvement: resistance to CMD and increase in yield

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1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

LOCAL

−1

0

1

2

blups

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1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

LOCAL

−1.0

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

blups

Mean CMD severity decrease • Increase in yield (RTWT). • Note local germplasm performs poorly compared to improved varieties.


Best biofortified Cassava variety in Nigeria12 µg/g fr. wt.

Breakthrough in breeding Vitamin A Cassava levels of total carotenoids > 20 µg/g fresh weight


New populations from Genomic Selection breeding (NextGen Cassava)

• Four cycles of genomic selection recombination completed (2013-‐2016)

• Field phenotyping of the consecutive cycles ongoing

• The first Uniform Yield Trial coming GS project have been established in the current growing season at four locations.

Seedlings Cross

Select Genotype

Predict Breeding

Value

Clonal Evaluation

Preliminary Yield Trial

Advanced Yield Trial

Uniform Yield Trial

Genomic selection Phenotypic selection

Annual breeding cycle using GS in cassava


Genomic Selection-based population improvement

Boxplots showing realized selection gain (shifts in population mean) for key traits in selection index

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C0 C1 C2

−0.72

−0.68

−0.64

−0.60

MCMDS

blups ●

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C0 C1 C2

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

TC

blups

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C0 C1 C2

46

810

DM

blups

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C0 C1 C2

−1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

logFYLD

blups

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C0 C1 C2−1.0

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

logRTNO

blups

●

C0 C1 C2

−1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

logRTWTblups

CMDresistanceCarotenoids Dryma1er

Freshyieldnumberofroots rootweight

The purpose the BASICS project is to develop asustainable cassava seed value chain in Nigeria,characterized by the commercial production anddissemination of cassava planting material. The projectenvisages benefits to farmers and the industry throughhigher returns from the use of clean planting material ofsuperior stem quality that are made accessible tofarmers at the right time and at an appropriate price.

Variety Recommendations

White – High Starch and gari varietiesTME419TMS-IBA980505TMS-IBA980581TMS-IBA010040TMS-IBA961632TMS-IBA30572

Vitamin A Cassava for gari and other products.TMS-IBA070593

Cassava Seed Value Chain


Cassava Breeding Family and Partners

‘

Thank You

Cassava Cultivars for Gari Production - GCP21gcp21.org/Ibadan/11.Kulakow.Cassava Cultivars for...

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