Cass School of Education and Communities Jo Richardson Community School - Developing teachers as...
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Transcript of Cass School of Education and Communities Jo Richardson Community School - Developing teachers as...
Cass School of Education and Communities
Jo Richardson Community School -
Developing teachers as coaches
Developing teachers coaches• Aims and objectives• Individuals and change• Four approaches to individuals and change• Unconscious incompetence• Kolb’s learning cycle• The behavioural approach to change• The cognitive approach to change• The psychodynamic approach to change• The humanistic psychology approach to change
Aims and objectives• Aim for all sessions: • Develop teachers skilled in short term skills focused
coaching for teachers• Objectives for today's session:• Understand impact of change on individuals• Understand difference between coaching and mentoring• Develop an understanding of how and when to coach or
mentor• Consider ones development requirements• Consider ethical issues
Individuals and change
Four approaches to individuals and change
Unconscious incompetence
Usual example is driving a familiar car
Kolb’s learning cycle
It shows that we learn through a process ofdoing and thinking.
The behavioural approach to change
Behaviourists use feedback in coaching conversations.Government want payment by results, why and what are there assumptions?
The cognitive approach to change
The psychodynamic approach to change
The humanistic psychology approach to change
Models combined
.. Studies found that to be effective mentors need to:
Respect their mentees as adult learners, taking account of their individual learning styles, and ensuring that the strategies employed to support their learning are responsive to their concerns and appropriate to their current stage of development.
Seek to help mentees to identify and interrogate critically their conceptions of teaching, of learning to teach and of mentoring, which can otherwise present hidden barriers to their subsequent learning and development. This process should include explicit discussion of the nature and advantages of different forms of reflection.
Provide their mentees with emotional and psychological support, and make them feel welcome, accepted and included.
Make time for their mentees: have regular meetings with them and be ‘available’ for informal discussion at other times.
Allow their mentees an appropriate degree of autonomy to make decisions and to develop their own teaching styles.
Ensure their mentees are sufficiently challenged and sufficiently educated about and scaffolded into deeper levels of thinking and reflection, notably about teaching and learning.
Be sensitive, focus on specific aspects of teaching, and facilitate genuine constructive dialogue that includes joint exploration of strengths/weaknesses and jointly finding solutions to challenges, in observation and feedback.
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Studies found that the following can place limitations on the effectiveness of mentoring:
Concern to protect their ‘own’ pupils and their learning can lead mentors to guide their mentees into ‘low risk’ activities.
Mentors not giving their mentees sufficient ‘freedom to innovate’.
Mentor’s tendency to see their role primarily in terms of the provision of safe sites for trial and error learning.
Mentor’s tendency to focus, in their interactions with mentees, on matters of technical rationality and/or practical issues such as classroom management, craft knowledge and mentees’ teaching of subject content, with insufficient attention to pedagogical issues, or to the promotion of reflective practice incorporating an examination of principles behind the practice.
Mentor’s limited understanding of the concept of critical reflection.
Mentor’s tendency to lack the confidence to incorporate ‘theoretical’ insights into their work with mentees.
. Beginning teaching
Supervised teaching
From teaching to learning
Reflective teaching
Stage of trainee development
Survival Recognising difficulties
Hitting the plateau
Moving on
Focus of trainee learning
Rules, rituals, routines and establishing authority
Teaching standards
Understanding pupil learning and developing effective teaching
Taking control and developing professionalism
Role of mentor / tutor
Providing models of effective practice
As trainers, providing focused advice and instruction
As critical friends, providing constructive critique for development
As co-enquirers, joining together in aspects of professional development
Key mentoring strategies
Trainee observation focused on class routines and teacher techniques
Focused observation by trainee, combined with structured observation of the trainee and feedback
Focused observation by, and structured observation of, the trainee. Re-examination of lesson planning.
Partnership in teaching and supervision.
How are mentors chosen?
Typically, a veteran teacher at the same grade level is called on. Sometimes the same teacher mentors many teachers. This situation has advantages and drawbacks.
Mentoring and Coaching Activity 1
Mentoring Coaching
Coaching
• Coaching is unlocking a person’s potential to maximise their contribution and performance. Focusing on behaviours and mindset as well as task creates a step change in results.
(Carole Gaskall.)• A conversational yet focused discipline that
supports people in learning how to lead and manage themselves more effectively in relation to their issues and their contexts and their potential. (McDermott and Jago 2005)
The purpose and function of coaching models (Grant 2011)
• Delineate specific phases of the conversation
• Act as a memory aid for the coach• Ensure that barriers to change have been
addressed• Provide clarification and focus• Draw the coachee’s attention to the here
and now and the matter in hand
Coaching models (Grant 2011) GROW: Goals, Reality, Options, Wrap-up (or will/way forward) (Alexander)
T-GROW: Topic, Goal, Reality, Wrap-up (Downey 2003)
SO*I*GROW: Situation, Opportunities, Implications, Goal, Reality, Options, Will (McKinsey)
4A: Agenda, Analysis, Agreement, Action (Mount Eliza School of Business)
CLEAR: Contracting, Listening, Exploring, Action, Review (Hawkins and Smith)
OSKAR: Outcome, Scaling, Knowhow and resources, Affirm and action, Review (Jackson & McKergow)
ACHIEVE: Assess current situations, Creative brainstorming of alternative current situations, Hone goals, Initiate options, Evaluate options, Valid action programme design, Encourage momentum (Dembkowski and Eldridge 2003)
PRACTICE: Problem identification, Realistic relevant goals developed, Alternative solutions generated, Consideration of consequences, Target most feasible solutions, Implementation of chosen solutions, Evaluation. (Palmer 2007)
OUTCOMES: Objectives for session, Understanding – the coach should understand why the coachee wants to reach the objective, Take stock, Clarify, Option generation, Motivate to action, Enthuse and encourage, Support (Mackintosh 2005)
Gap analysis models (Grant p121)
Solution focused coaching http://youtu.be/JX2FnFUqLMo
Are there any elements in any of these models that are not explicitly or
implicitly part of any other model?
What key principles of coaching are implied by these models?
Mentoring or Coaching
Coaching and Mentoring
• What are the aims and purposes of coaching and of mentoring and in what ways are they similar and different?
• What are the processes of coaching and of mentoring and in what ways are they similar and different?
• What would determine whether coaching or mentoring was most appropriate for the development of an individual in a school/academy?