Case Western Reserve University Cognitive Neuroscience Initiative ...
Transcript of Case Western Reserve University Cognitive Neuroscience Initiative ...
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Cognitive Neuroscience “Meet & Greet”
“Emergence and evolution of a dynamic dissipative network.”
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Cognitive Neuroscience “Meet & Greet”
• Purpose– Link up researchers & clinicians within and across
schools at CWRU (…+ other local institutions)– Inclusive (people can continue to sign up here:
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=t_2flbgk21OsT1idofEvNcNg_3d_3d )
– First step, next steps: website, regular meetings, external speakers, retreat. (let us know)
– Strategic Planning: what strengths are already here, where do we want to go?
– Dept. Cognitive Science: Undergrad <3 yrs old, >70 majors. MA Cognitive Linguistics. Aims to links up CWRU strengths.
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Cognitive Neuroscience “Meet & Greet”
• Program– Daniela Calvetti, Chair of Mathematics. Art. Sci.– Anthony Furlan, Chair of Neurology, Med. Sch.– Brief self-introductions w/ slides, questions– (Off the cuff self-introductions – time permitting)– Break for informal discussion - drinks, snacks, in
Cogsci lounge & Cogsci forum (612) – Thanks to Gina Cesaro
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Websites
• (needs updating)
https://filer.case.edu/org/cogneuro
• (under construction)http://filer.case.edu/aph11/BIG_CWRU/Populations%20of%20Interest/Populations/Populations.htm
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Case Western Reserve UniversityCognitive Neuroscience Initiative
MeetingOctober 29, 2008
Hosted by:
Tony jack, ph.d. CWRU Dept. Cognitive Science
Anthony furlan, md. UH Chairman of Neurology
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Anastasia Dimitropoulos, Ph.D.Department of Psychology, CWRU
• keywords: – neurodevelopmental disabilities
• Prader-Willi Syndrome• autism
– psychological and neurobiological functioning• fMRI
– food motivation, reward, obesity– social competence– OCD
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Effects of long term voluntary exercise on the Forced Swim Test in Rats
Patrick Chirdon1,2, Pingfu Feng1,
1: Case Western Reserve University2: Department of Medicine/Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University3: Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center
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Background: It is a common understanding that exercise benefits human health in many aspects. For example:
1. Exercise improves mood.2. Exercise combats chronic diseases.3. Exercise helps manage body weight.4. Exercise strengthens heart and lungs.5. Exercise promotes better sleep.6. Exercise can increase reproductive behavior.
Objectives: To determine if long term voluntary exercise would benefit mood
Design: Voluntary exercise10 wks
from age 25 days
Swim test 15 min
Ten wks later
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Time (s) Spent Climbing, Swimming, and Immobile By Test Group
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Ten weeks of wheel activity
• Conclusion: Exercise does have a natural antidepressant• Like effect on behavior, but exercise is only effective in • Increasing active behaviors if the rat is older than 6.5• Weeks. Rats older than 6.5 weeks have motivation to exercise that
younger rats have not developed.
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Case Center for Imaging Research (CCIR) Neuroimaging Program
Jean A. Tkach, Ph.D.Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology and BME
Xu Chen, Ph.D.Post Doc
fMRI analysis
Jack Jesberger , MS
Engineer/Research
Gregory R. Lee, Ph.D.Post Doc
MRI acquisition and reconstruction
Eric Pierre, MS
Ph.D. studentImage processing
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Representative fMRI Projects
• Speech Sound Disorders – overt speech production
• Chemobrain – concentration and short term memory
• Prenatal Cocaine Exposure – visual spatial skills
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fMRI Investigation of Speech Production in SSD
• Barbara Lewis, Ph.D. Communication Sciences Department of Case Western Reserve University
• Overt word and non word repetition task in SSD adolescent subjects and age matched controls (CAS)• Novel fMRI acquisition protocol
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FMRI Study of ChemobrainJean A. Tkach, Ph.D.
Department of Radiology, CCIR
Joseph Barr, MD
Departments of Hematology and Oncology
Paula Ogrocki, Ph.D.
Department of NeurologyMemory and Cognition Center
Xu Chen, Ph.D.
Department of Radiology, CCIR
Lois Friedman, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Jack Jesberger
Department of Radiology, CCIR
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FMRI Evaluation of Chemobrain
What is Chemobrain ?• Overall reduction in cognitive performance: primarily in attention, concentration , information
processing speed and memory• Self report and confirmed by neurobehavioral testing• Dramatic negative impact on QUALITY OF LIFE. Compromises daily functioning at home, job and
socially
Study Objective :• Develop fMRI methodology to identify neuronal substrate affected by chemotherapy• Same fMRI methodology can then be used to longitudinally evaluate efficacy of interventional
therapies developed to address the chemotherapy induced cognitive deficits.
FMRI Study : • Interrogate functional networks supporting working memory and attention Stroop Task N-back Task ( 1 and 2 back )
****Similar Paradigms being used to evaluate Bariatric surgery patients pre and post surgery
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Neuronal dynamics:Theory and experiments,from neurons to networks
Roberto Fernández Galán, PhD
School of MedicineDepartment of Neurosciences
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Reliable neural codesM
itral
cel
l in
the
olfa
ctor
y bu
lbP
yram
idal c ell in t he
neo corte x
R.F. Galán et al. (2007) Journal of Neurophysiology
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Theory Experiments
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Connectivity determines activity patterns in cortical networks
PLoS One, 3(5) e2148, 2008
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from neurons to networks……to large brain structures
work in progress with G. Karl Steinke
∼1/ω
connectivity
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Joseph C. LaManna, PhD
Departments of
Physiology & Biophysics,
Neurology, and Neuroscience
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Iadecola, Nature Rev Neurosci 5:347, 2004
The Neurovascular Unit
Stroke &Recovery from Stroke
Physiological &PathophysiologicalAging
Neuroprotection&Preconditioning
Cardiac Arrest &Resuscitation
Cancer &Tumors
AVM’s &other vascularPathologies
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Current Lab Projects
• Physiologic Adaptation to Hypoxia• Angioplasticity• Cardiac Arrest & Resuscitation• Ketones and Alternate Substrates
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Laboratories of Experimental Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease
• In Vivo Models– Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation– Focal Stroke– Chronic Hypoxia
• Major Measurements– rCBF– BBB transport– Capillary Density– Immunohistochemistry
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Lee Anne Thompson, Ph.D.
ProfessorDepartment of Psychology
Mather Memorial Bldg, Rm 126B368-6477
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Western Reserve Reading and Math Project
• Primary Investigator:– Stephen Petrill, Ohio State University
• Co-Investigators:– Laurie Cutting, Johns Hopkins University– Kirby Deater-Deckard, Virginia Polytechnic University– Laura DeThorne, University of Illinois– Lynn Fuchs, Vanderbilt University– David Geary, University of Missouri– Robert Plomin, Institute of Psychiatry, London– Chris Schatschneider, Florida State University– Lee Thompson, Case Western Reserve University– David Vandenbergh, Pennsylvania State University
• Funding– NICHD HD38075– NICHD/IES HD46167
W R R M P
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Western Reserve Reading and Math Project
• Sample• Ongoing longitudinal study (K thru 5th)• 400 pairs of identical and same-sex fraternal twins• Recruited through schools in Ohio (soon to be 500)• Procedures: • DNA collection and genotyping• Parent ratings• Teacher ratings• In-home testing (parents and children)• Tester ratings• Longitudinal Assessment, detailed measurement of
reading, math, behavioral outcomes, and family environment
W R R M P
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Testing in WRRMP
Reading 1Acquisition
Reading 2Acquisition
Reading 3Acquisition
HD38075
Process Based Math
HD46167
Reading 4Comprehension
Reading 5Comprehension
Reading 6Comprehension HD38075
PsychometricMath
W R R M P
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Visual-Spatial-Motor Tasks in Brain Imaging Studies
John A. Jesberger
Case Center for Imaging Research
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Video Games fMRI Tasks
Head: not moving
Body: not moving
Hands executing complex tasks in a VR space on the screen
Visual Feedback & DirectionIsolated from hands
He could easily be doing this in an MRI
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Advantages of the Standard Video Game Platform for fMRI
• Hundreds of millions of potential subjects already trained by Nintendo, Microsoft, & Sony
• Games are more fun – better tolerance & engagement of subjects in more complex tasks
– Tools and expertise for development now widespread– VR Labs and game design curricula at many
universities• CWRU Virtual Worlds Laboratory
– Leads to much faster development cycle• Controller and first task developed in 6 months!
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Screen shot of our Block Design “Game”
First block picked up being rotated for placement
DesignToMatch
Blocks
ControlScheme
MRI compatible controllerAlready Built and tested
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First maps of neural activation while performing a Block Design Task
Each epoch contained44 sec Block Design (active)44 sec Fixation (control)Repeated for 5 epochs
Block design was self-paced, i.e. after completing a pattern the subject was presented a new pattern until 44 seconds was up.
Total trial time 7:24 (min:sec)
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Wyatt Newmanprofessor, EECS Dept
Roboticist
Team Leader, DEXTER and Team Case, DARPA Urban Challenge
DEXTER and Team Case at the National Qualifying Event: Autonomous vehicle, DEXTER, was designed to navigate missions while conforming to all traffic laws and interacting with live and robotic traffic in an urban setting.
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Recent Robotics Projects
“Jinks” following optical beacon on leader in Komen Race for the Cure, 2008
Industrial robot using force sensing and genetic algorithm autonomously learns to perform mechanical assembly
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Other…• Classes:
– Computational Intelligence (Neural Networks), EECS 484– Mobile Robotics (projects course), EECS 397– Digital Control, Introduction to Robotics, Senior Project,
Electromechanics, Intro to programming• Research projects
– Autonomous learning for manipulation– Force sensing for robotic assembly and surface finishing – Intelligent Ground Vehicles (competition)– Localization and mapping (Lidar, stereo vision, kinematics, GPS,
Kalman filters)– Machine vision (Independent Component Analysis for image
interpretation)– Autonomous learning for improved driving– Interest in robots and emotions
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Peter J. WhitehousePast, present and future
Case Western Reserve UniversityNeurology, Cognitive Science, and
Organizational Behavior
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Past
• Cholinergic basal forebrain and nicotinic receptors
• Clinical pathological correlation(brain-behavior)
• Drug development• Attention• Verbal and imaginal memory coding
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Present
• Concepts of aging and disease• Genetics of Alzheimer’s• Clinical and research ethics• Quality of life• Narrative medicine• Intergenerational learning
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Future
• Wisdom• Moral imagination• Learning organizations• Intergenerational ethics• Sustainability
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Department of MathematicsApplied Mathematics Research
Daniela Calvetti
Rossana Occhipinti
Erkki Somersalo
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Brain Imaging and Metabolic Modeling
• An integrated view: development of computational models that help to understand– how the neuronal activity triggers metabolic activity– how the brain energetics works at cellular level– how the metabolic activity signals to cerebral blood
flow
• Development of computational statistical tools for brain imaging using PET, MEG and Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT)
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Neuropsychological Aspects of Pediatric Epilepsy
Philip S. Fastenau, Ph.D.
Department of Neurology
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Conceptual Model
Genetic
Electro-Physio.
Mental Health, Academic, & Social Comorbidities
NeuropsychDysfunction
Seizures & ADRs
TCI
Structural
FamilyFunctioning
Modified from Fastenau, Dunn, & Austin (2003), In Rizzo & Eslinger’s Principles of Behavioral Neurology
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Baseline MRI & Concurrent NP
Byars, deGrauw, Johnson, Fastenau, et al. (2007). Epilepsia, 48(6), 1067–1074.
Figure 1: Average Factor Scores for Children With and Without Significant MRI Abnormalities
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With significant MRIabnormalities
LANG PS EC VMEM
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Baseline EEG & Concurrent NP
Baseline NP by Baseline Epileptiform Activity
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00.10.20.30.40.50.6
Language Exec/Construc Process Speed Ver. Memory
Fac
tor
Z S
core
Absent (n=100)
Present (n=172)
d = 0.31 (PS only, p<.05)
Fastenau, Johnson, Dunn, deGrauw, et al. (2007). Epilepsia, 48(Suppl. 6), 230-231.
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NP Decline During 1st 3 Years: Relationship to Achievement
Fig. 1d: Academic Achievement at 36 Months ( + 1 SEM) on Individual Testing with WJR
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Writing Reading Math
Stable NP
Declining NP
Fastenau, Johnson, Perkins, Byars, Dunn, & Austin (2008). Journal of the Intl. Neuropsychological Society, 14.
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Visualizing business information
Fred Collopy
Weatherhead School of Management
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Anthony (Tony) JackAssistant Professor
Cognitive Science, Philosophy, Psychology
School of Arts & Sciences, CWRU
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Background
• PhD in Experimental Psychology & Philosophy• PET & fMRI at main European and US centers
– University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience & Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging
• SPM, psychology-driven designs
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Rock, paper, scissors PET scanner
Cognitive Subtraction
Person
-Computer
=
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Background
• PhD in Experimental Psychology & Philosophy• PET & fMRI at main European and US centres – University College London
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience & Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging• SPM, psychology-driven designs
– Washington University in St Louis Medical School• Biologically-driven designs, connectivity
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Attention to Biology
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• Decomposing non-social & social cognition and examining interactions(physical, intentional & phenomenal stances)
• Individual differences in undergrads, ASD
• Functional brain connectivity (& network analysis)
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Autism work in collaboration with…
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David D. Friel, Ph.D.Dept. of NeurosciencesB.A. Physics, Ph.D. Biophysics
ElectrophysiologyCalcium imaging
Computational modeling
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‘Output’
‘Signaling’
‘Input’
Molecules, Cells, Circuits, Organisms
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P/Q-type Ca2+ channelsMutations cause cerebellar ataxia
rocker (rkr), tottering (tg), rolling Nagoya (rol), leaner (la)
ataxiaMild Severe
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Network Context
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The leaner Ca2+ channel mutation disrupts spontaneous firing activity
Purkinje neuron from Wild-type mouse
Purkinje neuron from leaner mutant mouse
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David Pincus, DMH
Director, MindBrain Consortium, Summa Hospitals
UH Department of PsychiatryPrivate Practice
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Our Take on the MindBrain Issue
• Brains become minds through bonding, attachment, learning, a ‘holding environment’
• A person needs a facilitating environment so as to allow a coordinated mind to emerge from a brain
• Early attachment patterns predict later personality development, adaptation, and psychopathology
• Our translational model allows us to tie together a neurobiology of sociality and to understand psychotherapy, as well as other ‘biological’ interventions, in this context
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And so we study
• Neuropeptide ‘operators’ in bonding and separation distress
• Our favorites are oxytocin and the endogenous opioid system
• We have studies going with humans and also prairie voles, the latter a very social mammal which mates for life. Rat’s aren’t very social, and may not be the best model for studying anxiety and depression, if you assume, with humans, that a Self cannot develop without an Other
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Studies completed or in process
• 1. fMRI study with with ‘depressed’ prairie voles inhaling oxytocin
• 2. pairs of psychologists and psychiatrists inhaling oxytocin and reporting on changes in experience
• 3. using a partially synthetic opioid in treatment refractory depression
• 4. fMRI study of mildly depressed people, treated with oxytocin to see if they become more ‘connected’ and ‘involved’
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Our institutional collaborators are
• Medical University of South Carolina• Case Western Reserve University• Kent State University• McLean Hospital, Harvard University• Washington State University• University of Akron
• People: Doug Delahanty, Bruce Cushing, Jennifer Eaton, Ziad Nahas, Mark George, Jaak Panksepp, Alec Bodkin
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Alan Lerner, MDDept of Neurology, UHCMC and CWRUDirector, Memory and Cognition Center
Current Research InterestsClinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease
Studies in category fluencyEffects of medical conditions on cognition
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