Case Study Lighting Library

7/29/2019 Case Study Lighting Library

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A CASE STUDY FOR THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF ANENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING

RETROFITFOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

A CASE STUDY FOR THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF AN

ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING

RETROFITFOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS


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BACKGROUND


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Every year, the University of Natal spends over R4 million

toward electricity usage on the Durban campus alone.

The EG Malherbe Library contributes substantially toward

this cost. The electricity cost for EG Malherbe in 2001 was

R473,337 half of which went toward the lighting load. The

pre-installation lighting system was 14 years old and closeto the end of it life. An additional problem was that the pre-

installation lighting system was redundant - it was a

specialised fitting manufactured by Zintubel Zintubel had

closed down a few years earlier. Therefore the timing of

this project was excellent

Every year, the University of Natal spends over R4 million

toward electricity usage on the Durban campus alone.

The EG Malherbe Library contributes substantially toward

this cost. The electricity cost for EG Malherbe in 2001 was

R473,337 half of which went toward the lighting load. The

pre-installation lighting system was 14 years old and closeto the end of it life. An additional problem was that the pre-

installation lighting system was redundant - it was a

specialised fitting manufactured by Zintubel Zintubel had

closed down a few years earlier. Therefore the timing of

this project was excellent


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Photo of the EG Malherbe LibraryPhoto of the EG Malherbe Library


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Typical DSM Project ProcessTypical DSM Project Process


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THE AUDIT PROCESS


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9:00 to 17:00Examination operation hours - Sundays

8:00 to 17:00Examination operation hours - Saturdays

8:00 to 02:00 the next morning.Examination operation hours are (one month prior to exams

and during exams) Mon to Fri:

08:00 to 17:00Between Semesters:

Closed except during

examinations

Sundays and Pub Holidays:

8:30 to 17:00Saturdays

8:00 to 23:00Weekdays:

Operating HoursOperating Hours


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2776201 x 36 W Open ChannelType 9

281 x 36 W Tube LightType 8

322 x 36 W Surface MountsType 7832 x 56 W Surface MountsType 6

194 x 36 W Recessed FittingsType 5

2204 x 18 W Recessed FittingsType 4

601 x 58 W Tube LightType 3

2632 x 60 W down lighterType 2

20512 x 36 W Open ChannelType 1

Number of

Luminaires

DescriptionLuminaire

Type

Table 2 Audited light fitting dataTable 2 Audited light fitting data


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ANALYSIS


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Baseline DevelopmentBaseline Development


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R

W

B

N

386 V

386 V

386 V

171 A

182 A

141 A

27 kW

32 kW

24 kW

222 V

222 V

222 V

VL_L AVG: 385 V IAVG 165 A

VL_N AVG: 222 V PTOT 82 kW

FREQ 50 Hz QTOT 74 kVar

PF SIGN -74.5 % STOT 111 kVA

Time: 12:32 PM ALL LIGHTS OFF


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R

W

B

N

381 V

382 V

383 V

417 A

447 A

409 A

77 kW

86 kW

76 kW

220 V

220 V

220 V

VL_L AVG: 382 V IAVG 424 A

VL_N AVG: 221 V PTOT 239 kW

FREQ 50 Hz QTOT 147 kVar

PF SIGN -85.1 % STOT 280 kVA

Time: 12:37 PM ALL LIGHTS ON


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Notch Tests Average

P 82 82 82 82 kWOFF

Q 74 74 74 74 kVArP 239 242 239 240 kWON

Q 149 148 147 148 kVAr

P 158 kWLighting Load

Q 74 kVAr

P 51 kWAdmin Area

Q 10 kVAr

Incandescent

Lamps

P 31.5 kW

P 240.5 kWTotal LightingLoad Q 84 kVAr

P 82 kWTotal Base Load

Q 74 kVAr

S 359 kVA

P 322.5 kW

Total Pre-ImplementationBaseline Load Q 158 kVAr

Period 1 October to 15 October and 1 December to 31 March Period 1 April to 14 May and 1 July to 30 September


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Off-Peak Peak Std Off-Peak Std Off-Peak Peak Std Off-Peak Std

00:00

01:00

02:0003:00

04:00

05:00

06:00

07:00

08:00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50

09:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

10:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

11:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

12:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0013:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

14:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

15:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

16:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

17:00 1.00 1.00

18:00 1.00 1.00

19:00 1.00 1.00

20:00 1.00 1.00

21:00 1.00 1.00

22:00 1.00 1.00

23:00

TOTAL 1.00 4.00 10.00 5.00 3.50 1.00 4.00 10.00 5.00 3.50

No. of week days in this Period 88 No. of week days in this Period 103

No. of Saturdays & sundays in this Period 19 No. of Saturdays & sundays in this period 21

No. of Public Holidays in this Period 0 No. of Public Holidays in this Period 0

5.00 5.00No. of week day hours in OFF-PEAK Period 88.00 No. of week day hours in OFF-PEAK Period 103.00

No. of week day Hours in PEAK Period 352.00 No. of week day Hours in PEAK Period 412.00

No. of week day Hours in STD Period 880.00 No. of week day Hours in STD Period 1030.00

No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in OFF - PEAK Period 95.00 No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in OFF - PEAK Period 105.00

No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in STD Period 66.50 No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in STD Period 73.50

Total OFF - Peak Hours 183.00 Total OFF - Peak Hours 208.00

Total Peak Hours 352.00 Total Peak Hours 412.00Total STD Hours 946.50 Total STD Hours 1103.50

Total No. of Max. Demand Months 5.00 Total No. of Max. Demand Months 5.00

Total No. of Overall Max. Demand months 5.00 Total No. of Overall Max. Demand months 5.00

Period 1 October to 15 October and 1 December to 31 March Period 1 April to 14 May and 1 July to 30 September

Saturday

Active EnergyActive Energy

No. of Months No. of Months

Time of Day

Active Energy

Saturday

Low Demand High Demand

Week Days Week Days

Active EnergyActive Energy Active Energy


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Sunday Sunday 16-Jun

Off-Peak Peak Std Off-Peak Std Off-Peak Off-Peak Peak Std Off-Peak Std Off-Peak Off-Peak

00:00 1.00 1.00

01:00 1.00 1.00

02:00

03:00

04:00

05:0006:00

07:00

08:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

09:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

10:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

11:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

12:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

13:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

14:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0015:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

16:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

17:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

18:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

19:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

20:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

21:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

22:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

23:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

TOTAL 4.00 4.00 10.00 12.00 4.00 9.00 4.00 4.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 9.00 6.00

No. of week days in 6 Weeks 34 No. of week days in 6 Weeks 35

No. of Saturdays & sundays in 6 Weeks 7 No. of Saturdays & sundays in 6 Weeks 6

No. of Public Holidays in 6 Weeks 0 No. of Public Holidays in 6 Weeks 1

No 0f months 1.00 No 0f months 1.00

No. of week day hours in OFF-PEAK Period for 6 weeks 136.00 No. of week day hours in OFF-PEAK Period for 6 weeks 140.00

No. of week day Hours in PEAK Period for 6 weeks 136.00 No. of week day Hours in PEAK Period for 6 weeks 140.00No. of week day Hours in STD Period for 6 weeks 340.00 No. of week day Hours in STD Period for 6 weeks 350.00

No. of week day Hours in Max.Demand Period for 6 weeks No. of week day Hours in Max.Demand Period for 6 weeks

No. of week day Hours in Overall Max. Demand Period for 6 weeks No. of week day Hours in Overall Max. Demand Period for 6 weeks

No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in OFF - PEAK Period for 6 weeks 147.00 No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in OFF - PEAK Period for 6 weeks 114.00

No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in STD Period for 6 weeks 28.00 No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in STD Period for 6 weeks 36.00

No. of Hours (Public Holidays) in Off - Peak Period for 6 weeks 6.00

Total OFF - Peak Hours 283.00 Total OFF - Peak Hours 260.00

Total Peak Hours 136.00 Total Peak Hours 140.00Total STD Hours 368.00 Total STD Hours 386.00

Total No. of Max. Demand Months 1.00 Total No. of Max. Demand Months 1.00

Total No. of Overall Max. Demand months 1.00 Total No. of Overall Max. Demand months 1.00

Time

of Day

SaturdayWeek Days Saturday Week Days


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LIGHTING SIMULATION MODEL


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Fig. 7 Lighting levels before retrofit Fig. 8 Lighting levels after retrofit


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Fig. 10 Lighting with reflector Fig. 9 Lighting lost in coffers


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Graph of Total Harmonic Distortion

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2002-01-050

0:30

2002-04-051

9:30

2002-08-051

4:30

2002-12-050

9:30

16/05/20020

4:30

19/05/20022

3:30

23/05/20021

8:30

27/05/20021

3:30

31/05/20020

8:30

2002-04-060

3:30

2002-07-062

2:30

2002-11-061

7:30

15/06/20021

2:30

19/06/20020

7:30

23/06/20020

2:30

26/06/20022

1:30

30/06/20021

6:30

2002-04-071

1:30

2002-08-070

6:30

2002-12-070

1:30

15/07/20022

0:30

19/07/20021

5:30

23/07/20021

0:30

27/07/20020

5:30

31/07/20020

0:30

2002-03-081

9:30

2002-07-081

4:30

2002-11-080

9:30

15/08/20020

4:30

18/08/20022

3:30

22/08/20021

8:30

26/08/20021

3:30

2002-01-090

0:30

2002-04-091

9:30

2002-08-091

4:30

2002-12-090

9:30

16/09/20020

4:30

19/09/20022

3:30

23/09/20021

8:30

27/09/20021

3:30

Date

%T

HD

UND-Malh/Lib-TRF 1-V3 THD (%) Linear (UND-Malh/Lib-TRF 1-V3 THD (%))

Fig. 11 Reduction of THD during retrofit


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Total kW h Saved 554285.00

Total Cost Saving Ex VAT Up Until May 2003 R 123,793.82

Total Off Peak KW h Saved Up Until May 2003 150705.00Reduction in Demand per month 210.00

Overall Project SummaryTotal Peak kW h Saved Up Until May 2003 97410.00

Total Standard kW h Saved Up Until May 2003 306170.00

311.00Previous Demand in kVA

New Demand in kVA 101.00Previous kW 268.00

New kW 98.00

Total Cost Saving Extrapolated for a Year for Energy Only R 212,217.98

Reduction in kW 170.00

Table 1 Summary of post-implementation savings

Demand Deviation


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0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

450.00

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Months

DemandinkVA

Demand 02

Demand 01

Fi . 1 Demand rofiles for 2001 and 2003


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Recorded Load Profile for EG Malherbe Library

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

01/

07/200200:30:00

08/

07/200200:30:00

15/

07/200200:30:00

22/

07/200200:30:00

29/

07/200200:30:00

05/

08/200200:30:00

12/

08/200200:30:00

19/

08/200200:30:00

26/

08/200200:30:00

Time Period

[kVA,k

W,

kVAr]

kVA

kWh

kVArh

Fig. 13 Load profile from 1July-31 August 2002

Start of retrofit


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Annual Load Profile data for 2002

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

10/01/200224:00:00

20/01/200224:00:00

30/01/200224:00:00

09/02/200224:00:00

19/02/200224:00:00

01/03/200224:00:00

11/03/200224:00:00

21/03/200224:00:00

31/03/200224:00:00

10/04/200224:00:00

20/04/200224:00:00

30/04/200224:00:00

10/05/200224:00:00

20/05/200224:00:00

30/05/200224:00:00

09/06/200224:00:00

19/06/200224:00:00

29/06/200224:00:00

09/07/200224:00:00

19/07/200224:00:00

29/07/200224:00:00

08/08/200224:00:00

18/08/200224:00:00

28/08/200224:00:00

07/09/200224:00:00

17/09/200224:00:00

27/09/200224:00:00

07/10/200224:00:00

17/10/200224:00:00

27/10/200224:00:00

06/11/200224:00:00

16/11/200224:00:00

26/11/200224:00:00

06/12/200224:00:00

16/12/200224:00:00

26/12/200224:00:00

[kVA,kW,

kVAr]

kVA

kWh

kVAr

Typical Step

reduction


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