Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment Of Plastic Shoe Rack ... · Of Plastic Shoe Rack Using Injection...
Transcript of Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment Of Plastic Shoe Rack ... · Of Plastic Shoe Rack Using Injection...
Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment Of Plastic Shoe Rack Using Injection Molding Machine SHARAH YUNIHAR SAPUTRA, DR. JESSICA HANAFI
UNIVERSITAS PELITA HARAPAN
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Background •Plastic industries in Indonesia is one of the most popular industry that is used by businessmen as their investments.
•According to the data issued by the ministry of industries in Indonesia in 2013, there are more than 890 plastic industry in Indonesia.
•It is supported by the high levels of consumption of plastics, up to 1.9 million tons (2013)
•Plastics take a long time to decompose naturally at the end of its life cycle. This can affect the environment.
•Not all plastics are biodegradable, for instance the plastics used in non packaging plastics.
•The effects of plastics may not appear at the end of its life cycle alone, but also from other parts of its life cycle.
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Research Method LCA Method
LCA Method
Source: US EPA
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 1 of LCA: Goal Definition and Scope
Goal: Studying the LCA of plastic products that has a high level of production and consumption, with examples
taken from productions by the means of injection molding.
Scope: Case study of plastic shoe rack with a weight of 1.24 kg each and is mainly constructed from
Polypropylene that is produced by Union Plastik company. The company was established 30 years ago and has
a production facility in Kapuk, North Jakarta.
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Data Collection Assessed Product: Plastic Shoe Rack
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Product Structure Tree
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Production Processes
Mixing Molding Inspection
& Scrap cleaning
Assembly Packaging
Crushing
Yes
No
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Molded Parts from Injection Molding Machines
Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 2 of LCA: Life Cycle Inventory
LCI of Rack Shelf (in 1 shift of Production = 8 hours)
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 2 of LCA: Life Cycle Inventory (Cont’d)
LCI of Rack Shelf (in functional unit = 1 kg)
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 2 of LCA: Life Cycle Inventory (Cont’d) •LCI of Rack Foot (in 1 shift of Production = 8 hours)
•LCI of Rack Foot (in functional unit = 1 kg)
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 2 of LCA: Life Cycle Inventory (Cont’d) •LCI of Pok-Dop (in 1 shift of Production = 8 hours)
•LCI of Pok-Dop (in functional unit = 1 kg)
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 2 of LCA: Life Cycle Inventory (Cont’d) •LCI of Crushing (3 shift)
•LCI of Crushing (in functional unit = 1 kg)
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Network diagram of Plastic Shoe Rack’s Life Cycle, result from SimaPro LCIA calculation using ReCiPe Endpoint Method
Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop
Shoe Rack
LC Shoe Rack
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d)
Midpoint:
IPCC
TRACI
CML-IA BASELINE
ReCiPe Midpoint
Endpoint:
ReCiPe Endpoint
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d)
GWP value = 7.45 kg CO2 eq
IPCC Method
Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d) IPCC Method – Process Contribution
Process Unit Total Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop Printed
paper
Packaging
film, PE Transport
Disposal
Product
Total for All
Processes kg CO2 eq 7.45 5.83 1.14 0.40 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.05
Polypropylene,
granulate kg CO2 eq 5.31 4.24 0.89 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Electricity, high
voltage kg CO2 eq 1.73 1.28 0.18 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05
Toner, colour,
powder kg CO2 eq 0.38 0.31 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Packaging film, PE kg CO2 eq 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00
Transport kg CO2 eq 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Printed paper kg CO2 eq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Injection Moulding
Nangrong kg CO2 eq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Injection
Moulding,
ISYM1600
kg CO2 eq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Injection
Moulding, CLF
250T
kg CO2 eq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Disposal Product kg CO2 eq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Crushing kg CO2 eq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Coloured PP kg CO2 eq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d) TRACI Method
Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d) TRACI Method – Normalization Inventory
# Impact category Unit Total Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop Printed
paper
Packaging film,
PE Transport
Disposal
Product
1 Carcinogenics 0.0126 0.0097 0.0018 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002
2 Ecotoxicity 0.0027 0.0021 0.0004 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 Eutrophication 0.0016 0.0012 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 Non carcinogenics 0.0009 0.0007 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 Fossil fuel depletion 0.0009 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 Respiratory effects 0.0004 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 Global warming 0.0003 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 Acidification 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 Smog 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 Ozone depletion 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d) CML-IA Baseline Method
Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d) CML-IA Baseline Method – Normalization Inventory
# Impact category Unit Total Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop Printed paper Packaging
film, PE Transport
Disposal
Product
1 Marine aquatic ecotoxicity 3.68E-11 2.76E-11 4.35E-12 3.86E-12 2.03E-14 5.74E-14 2.33E-14 8.67E-13
2 Abiotic depletion (fossil fuels) 6.71E-12 5.30E-12 1.08E-12 2.78E-13 6.42E-16 1.80E-14 3.51E-15 1.97E-14
3 Fresh water aquatic ecotox. 2.98E-12 2.22E-12 3.42E-13 3.27E-13 1.03E-15 3.78E-15 1.87E-15 7.50E-14
4 Global warming (GWP100a) 1.46E-12 1.14E-12 2.24E-13 7.84E-14 3.08E-16 3.93E-15 1.44E-15 1.01E-14
5 Acidification 1.07E-12 8.32E-13 1.57E-13 6.82E-14 3.69E-16 3.07E-15 8.66E-16 1.09E-14
6 Eutrophication 7.97E-13 6.01E-13 9.73E-14 7.91E-14 2.88E-16 1.86E-15 4.46E-16 1.73E-14
7 Photochemical oxidation 1.90E-13 1.49E-13 2.92E-14 1.02E-14 5.54E-17 5.09E-16 1.52E-16 1.30E-15
8 Human toxicity 1.74E-13 1.31E-13 2.13E-14 1.72E-14 8.80E-17 3.75E-16 2.67E-16 3.75E-15
9 Terrestrial ecotoxicity 8.47E-14 6.45E-14 1.11E-14 7.15E-15 7.63E-17 2.18E-16 2.08E-16 1.43E-15
10 Abiotic depletion 1.33E-14 1.00E-14 1.97E-15 6.78E-16 3.44E-17 9.48E-17 4.22E-16 8.59E-17
11 Ozone layer depletion (ODP) 2.04E-15 1.53E-15 2.54E-16 1.90E-16 1.39E-18 4.67E-18 1.39E-17 4.06E-17
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d) ReCiPe Midpoint Method
Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 3 of LCA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (Cont’d) ReCiPe Midpoint Method – Normalization Inventory
# Impact category Unit Total Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop Printed paper Packaging
film, PE Transport
Disposal
Product
1 Fossil depletion 0.00318 0.0025 0.00051 0.00013 3.0E-07 8.5E-06 1.7E-06 9.4E-06
2 Climate change Human Health 0.00075 0.00059 0.00012 4.0E-05 1.6E-07 2.0E-06 7.4E-07 5.2E-06
3 Particulate matter formation 0.00075 0.00057 8.8E-05 8.2E-05 6.8E-08 5.1E-07 2.1E-07 1.9E-05
4 Human toxicity 8.6E-05 6.4E-05 9.8E-06 9.5E-06 2.7E-08 9.2E-08 9.0E-08 2.2E-06
5 Climate change Ecosystems 6.4E-05 5.0E-05 9.7E-06 3.4E-06 1.3E-08 1.7E-07 6.2E-08 4.4E-07
6 Metal depletion 9.7E-06 7.4E-06 1.4E-06 6.3E-07 1.8E-08 5.9E-08 1.2E-07 1.0E-07
7 Natural land transformation 7.2E-07 5.4E-07 8.8E-08 7.0E-08 3.7E-10 1.4E-09 4.7E-09 1.5E-08
8 Urban land occupation 4.3E-07 3.3E-07 6.6E-08 2.1E-08 4.4E-10 1.8E-09 5.4E-09 2.3E-09
9 Agricultural land occupation 3.3E-07 2.2E-07 4.3E-08 1.7E-08 2.1E-08 2.2E-08 1.4E-09 2.5E-09
10 Terrestrial acidification 1.7E-07 1.4E-07 2.5E-08 1.1E-08 5.9E-11 4.9E-10 1.5E-10 1.8E-09
11 Ionising radiation 1.6E-07 1.2E-07 2.2E-08 1.0E-08 3.4E-10 1.5E-09 6.8E-10 1.6E-09
12 Freshwater eutrophication 1.1E-07 8.5E-08 1.3E-08 1.3E-08 2.7E-11 9.5E-11 3.2E-11 2.9E-09
13 Photochemical oxidant
formation 8.2E-08 6.4E-08 1.3E-08 4.2E-09 1.5E-11 2.4E-10 7.4E-11 5.1E-10
14 Freshwater ecotoxicity 4.3E-08 3.2E-08 5.1E-09 4.5E-09 2.0E-11 7.6E-11 4.6E-11 1.0E-09
15 Terrestrial ecotoxicity 3.9E-08 3.0E-08 5.4E-09 2.9E-09 2.6E-11 1.0E-10 3.2E-10 5.3E-10
16 Ozone depletion 3.5E-08 2.6E-08 4.3E-09 3.2E-09 2.3E-11 7.4E-11 2.4E-10 6.9E-10
17 Marine ecotoxicity 8.4E-09 6.3E-09 9.9E-10 8.8E-10 3.7E-12 1.4E-11 1.1E-11 2.0E-10
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Methods Election IP
CC
• Calculate only one category: GWP
• In other methods, GWP is not a significant impact category
TRA
CI • Carcinogenic
has a significant impact
• Carcinogenic has big enough difference in the normalization value with category #2 and #3
CM
L-IA
Ba
selin
e • Marine Aquatic Eco-toxicity has a significant impact
• Compare to TRACI, Marine Aquatic Eco-toxicity NOT has big enough difference in the normalization value with category #2 and #3
ReC
ipe • First three
categories show that they have significant impact
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
LCIA Analysis based on Chosen Methods
1. Fossil Depletion
2. Climate Change Human
Health
3. Particulate Matter
Formation
1. Carcinogenic
2. Eco-toxicity
3. Eutrophication
RECIPE MIDPOINT TRACI
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Main substance: Oil Crude
(63.84% contribution)
Main substance: Chromium (VI)
compartment in Water (94.44%
contribution)
#1 FOSSIL DEPLETION #1 CARCINOGENIC
PP 91.13%
Electricity 6.35%
Other Processes 2.52%
PP 50.17%
Electricity 44.78%
Other Processes 5.05%
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Main substance: CO2 (88.20%
contribution)
Main substance: Zink compartment in
water (35.93%), Antimony/Sb (16.26%)
dan Nickel (14.15%).
#2 CLIMATE CHANGE HUMAN HEALTH #2 ECO-TOXICITY
PP 68.72%
Electricity 25.56%
Other Processes 5.72%
PP 15.88%
Electricity 77.84%
Other Processes 6.28%
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Main substance: Particulates, < 2.5
um released in air (71.22%
contribution)
Main substance: Phosphate (76.07%
contribution)
#3 PARTICULATE MATTER FORMATION #3 EUTROPHICATION
PP 1.04%
Electricity 97.58%
Other Processes 1.38%
PP 3.5%
Electricity 91.13%
Toner 4.59%
Other Processes 0.78%
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Midpoint-to-Endpoint Relation
49.003% 48.987%
2.01%
Rack Shelf Rack Foot Pok-Dop
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Midpoint-to-Endpoint Relation (Cont’d)
Resources
Fossil Depletion
PP Usage
Electricity Usage
Electricity is generated from
the combustion of crude oil,
and PP is made from the
crude oil
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Midpoint-to-Endpoint Relation (Cont’d)
Human Health
Carcinogenic
Climate Change
Particulate Matter
Formation
Increase of diseases due to
the increase of Green
House Gas
Resource depletion
Respiratory disorders
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Midpoint-to-Endpoint Relation (Cont’d)
Ecosystem
Eutrophication Eco-toxicity Damage of water
ecosystem
Lowering of water
quality
Unbalanced
ecosystem
Human Health
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 4 of LCA: Interpretation •Life cycle that uses the most material and energy is the process of shoe
rack production in manufacture using Injection Molding machine, with
rack shelf part which contribute the most.
•The life cycle of the shoe rack in midpoint causes a significant fossil
depletion, climate change-human health, particulate matter formation,
carcinogenic, eco-toxicity and eutrophication.
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 4 of LCA: Interpretation (Cont’d)
LCIA breakdown (Contribution > 50%):
•Crude oil (63.84%), Carbon Dioxide (88.20 %), Airborne Particulates < 2.5
um (71.22%), Chromium VI (94.44%), Phosphate (76.07%).
•Eco-toxicity: Zinc that is dissolved in water (35.93%), followed by
Antimony/Sb (16.26%) and Nickel (14.15%)
Significant effects come from the use of electricity and PP.
At the endpoint, the damage is significant towards resource and human
health.
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Phase 4 of LCA: Interpretation (Cont’d)
Evaluation:
•The usage of renewable energy it is advisable to use energy saving
machines
•Combine the usage of PP with PET to make it more environmental
friendly.
•The usage of masks in the workspace.
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).
Thank you.
Presented at Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment Research in Indonesia, Puspiptek-Serpong, 24-25 November 2015. Available in http://www.ilcan.or.id Copyright @ the respective author(s).