Case Studies UNDP: CENTRE FOR EMPOWERMENT AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, Philippines

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions or people, nature, and resilient communities

Philippines

CENTER FOREMPOWERMENT ANDRESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Empowered live

Resilient nation



UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners – vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to ‘The Power o Local Action: Lessons rom 10 Years

the Equator Prize’, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiative’s searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chie: Joseph Corcoran

Managing Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe

Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,

Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Brandon Payne, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu

DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa

Brandon Payne, Mariajosé Satizábal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Center or Empowerment and Resource Development (CERD), and in particu

the guidance and inputs o Jovelyn T. Cleoe, Executive Director. All photo credits courtesy o CERD. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbo

and Wikipedia.

Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. Center or Empowerment and Resource Development, Philippines. Equator Initiative C

Study Series. New York, NY.

http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdf




http://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858



PROJECT SUMMARY The Center or Empowerment and Resource Developmentworks in the Caraga region o the Philippines to conservemarine and coastal resources while improving thesustainability o local sher livelihoods. The Center’sapproach has been to put management o natural resourcessquarely in the hands o sherolk associations, workingwith local governments to develop barangay resolutions,municipal ordinances, and community-based managementstewardship contracts that establish zoned sh sanctuaries,marine protected areas, and ‘women-managed areas’ that

are governed by local community.Beginning in 1996 in Hinatuan Bay, by 2011 the initiativewas working with seven sh sanctuaries (coveringapproximately 470 hectares) through its member sherolk organizations. Conservation activities have paid dividendsor the local shermen: in Hinatuan Bay alone, sh catchsize increased over a three-year period rom three to eightkilograms per day.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2006

FOUNDED: 1996

LOCATION: Caraga region, Philippines

BENEFICIARIES: Fishing communities

BIODIVERSITY: 7 fsh sanctuaries, 1,146 ha o mangroves

3

CENTER FOR EMPOWERMENT ANDRESOURCE DEVELOPMENTPhilippines

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 8

Socioeconomic Impacts 8

Policy Impacts 9

Sustainability 10

Replication 10

Partners 11



4

he Philippines is endowed with diverse coastal and marine

cosystems. These ecosystems, however, are in sharp decline due

o unsustainable exploitation and destructive shing techniques.

articularly hard hit have been the region’s mangroves and coral

ees, which have been eroded by dynamite shing. As o 2008,

nly 5 percent o the coral rees in the Philippines were in excellent

ondition. In the early 1900s, mangrove orests covered roughly

00,000 hectares o the Philippines, as compared to 117,000

ectares in 2010. The loss o mangrove orests has not only resulted

n the deterioration o sea grass and coral ree ecosystems, but

lso substantially lowered the productivity o coastal sheries. A

ignicant percentage o the world’s commercial sh species are

ependent on mangrove swamps, marshes, sea grass beds, mud atsnd coral rees or their habitat. So too, sh biomass in mangrove

wamps is estimated to be 6.8 to 11.5 times that o adjacent open

waters. The degradation o mangrove ecosystems has translated

o lost incomes or coastal communities, who depend on marine

esources or their wellbeing and livelihoods.

A history o environmental degradation and poverty

Caraga is among the poorest regions in the Philippines. The

urisdiction contains the provinces o Agusan del Norte, Agusan

el Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, and Dinagat Islands. It

as 70 municipalities with 1,346 barangays, a total land area o

8,847 square kilometers and, as o 2000, had a population o justver two million. The economy o Caraga was ocused in the past

n the timber industry, beginning in the late 1940s and peaking in

he 1970s. During this period, the traditional practices o agriculture

nd artisanal shing were relegated to secondary industries.

n too amiliar a story, decades o relentless and unsustainable

eorestation resulted in the near collapse o the logging industry in

he 2000s, not to mention the loss o orests and biodiversity. Forest

workers ound themselves without work, and reverted to shing and

arming practices.

The bulk o the overall sh production rom the province o Ca

comes rom municipal sheries, coastal and inland waters,

small-scale, traditional shing methods (relying on boats o t

gross tons or less). There is signicant pressure being exerted o

region’s marine ecosystems and resources, however. Destructive

illegal shing methods are common. Use o dynamite and triple m

nets (multiple nets o various sizes overlaid together) has led to

indiscriminate destruction o sensitive marine habitats. Comme

shing vessels oten intrude into municipal waters. Marine w

pollution has escalated through siltation and sedimentation

limestone quarrying, and algal overgrowth due to domestic w

accumulation. Mangroves have been deorested to accommo

shponds, reducing spawning and nursery habitats or juvenile

Where there have been gains in production or municipal she

these have not always translated to increases in local incomes.

harvest and value-added secondary processing in the region

practically non-existent and not widely available to local sher

in need o capacity development support. Fish are caught and e

immediately peddled to the community, or are sold to loca

traders who serve as middlemen to vendors in local and regi

markets. Traditional shermen oten come out on the losing

o this equation, as dependence on middlemen translates t

absence o bargaining power.

CERD: ‘empowered, sel-reliant coastal communities’

The Center or Empowerment and Resource Development (C

evolved to address a number o these issues. It has a visio

empowered, sel-reliant coastal communities that live in harm

with an abundant and diverse coastal and marine environm

CERD’s mission is to save and restore the coastal environm

through the strengthening o local institutions, to implem

a ‘community-based shery integrated resource managem

ramework’, to create model shing communities and learning a

or the replication and transerring o best practices, and to ach

Background and Context



55

ll o this through strong and eective partnerships. Protection o

he rights and entitlements o traditional shermen is CERD’s raison

d’etre.

he project began in 1996 ollowing a rapid rural appraisal o

everal coastal communities in Surigao del Sur. The appraisal ound

Hinatuan Bay to be a promising project site, as it contains a diverse

ange o marine resources, dierent species o sea grass, and large

reas o intact mangroves (with illegal logging activities pushingt the margins). Despite this resource abundance, and despite the

act that the coral ree was in air condition, sh populations were

markedly low and average sh sizes were relatively small.

y extension, the catch size and incomes o local shermen were

lso low, averaging only PHP 3,000 (Philippine Pesos) per month, per

amily. CERD worked with local shermen (both men and women)

o orm shing organizations in seven project sites, entailing an

xtensive process o community mobilization. Ater encountering

ome resistance rom local governments, CERD expanded the scope

its mission to building relationships between traditional shermen

nd local government units.

Promoting participatory coastal resource management

CERD is governed by a 5-year strategic plan, which aims to improve

he quality o lie or its target population (local shermen), boost

he productivity o marine habitats in ve project sites, popularize

nd mainstream a participatory coastal resource management

overnance strategy, and improve the responsiveness o

ommunity-based organizations on gender issues. These objectives

lay out dierently in dierent project sites, but are all actualized

hrough capacity building and training, sustainable sheries plans,

olitical advocacy, networking and partnership building, livelihoods

iversication, gender mainstreaming, and household-levelmobilizing.

Capacity building is a primary ocus, both at the level o local

nstitutions and at the individual level. Local leadership and strong

ocal institutions are perceived to be the oundation o viable long

erm conservation and livelihoods strategies. As such, capacity

uilding and training covers organizational development, livelihoods

management, individual coaching and mentoring, biodiversity

monitoring and evaluation, negotiations and lobbying, and youth

raining in research and ecological assessments. Traditional shing

ouseholds are provided with training in business management

skills and with start-up capital or small ecosystem-based busine

are given technical assistance where needed; connected to ma

supply-chains; and are supported to diversiy their incomes thro

ventures such as prawn ry and abalone cultivation and hatc

management.

Close collaboration with local government authorities

Perhaps the CERD activity with the most ar-reaching eects is its integrating community sheries management plans into muni

and barangay development plans. This is accomplished thro

cooperation and partnerships with local government agencies

units. Through the municipal and barangay development p

CERD lobbies or the enactment o community resolutions

ordinances to ensure that traditional shermen are positione

both inorm and benet rom marine resource management po

The community sheries management plans also have a st

conservation component, and include the zoning o sh sanctu

and marine protected areas, the reorestation and manageme

mangrove orests, the creation o ‘women-managed areas’ (discu

in more detail below), sheries law enorcement, and conserva

provisions or endangered plant and animal species. All eort

community-managed and led by traditional shermen at the vi

level.

Empowering women and youth to improve sustainabili

Women’s empowerment, and awareness-raising on gender issue

cross-cutting theme o CERD’s work. Local women are provided

leadership and management training, and supported to partic

in decision-making processes at the household level as well

project sites. More than 50 percent o leaders in each sel-help g

(what CERD reers to as ‘sherolk organizations’) are women, w

is a substantial improvement rom the almost nonexistent preso women in leadership roles beore the initiative began. For

sherolk organization that is ormed, a corresponding gender

health committee is created.

A complementary cross-cutting issue is long-term sustainability

the ostering across generations o a conservation ethic. In eac

the teen sherolk organizations that constitute CERD, traini

oered to two generations within the community. By including y

in capacity building programs, CERD looks to ensure sustain

capacity or eective coastal and marine resource management

into the uture.

“The current state of our resources will not be able to continuously support the growing wor

population. Policy makers must be serious to honor and implement their commitments to addre

global warming, end poverty and hunger. Biodiversity conservation efforts must lead equal

towards a resilient resource base and upholding human dignity.”

Jovelyn T. Cleofe, Executive Director, CERD



6

Key Activities and Innovations

Key activities vary or each project site and or each sherolk

organization. CERD carries out assessments to identiy specic

hallenges or problems acing an individual group or area, and

hen customize strategies which are tailored to meet the particular

velihood and ecosystem needs o each group. Some challenges

nd solutions are common to multiple communities, however.

CERD supports several sherolk organizations with coastal and

marine resource management plans as a response to declining

sh stocks and threats to certain endangered species. Technology

ranser is provided to ll local capacity gaps, particularly in value-

dded secondary processing. Livelihoods diversication strategies

re promoted to avoid overdependence on a single resource or

ector. Advocacy is undertaken and partnerships orged to addressxisting or emerging communication gaps between local shermen,

ocal government ofcials and other relevant stakeholders. Gender

mainstreaming is provided to improve the standing o women

within sherolk organization, and the community at large.

Resource management transers: rom state to local

eyond these general activities, CERD ocuses on a project delivery

model called Fisheries Integrated Resource Management and

conomic Development (FIRMED) program. This site-specic term is

more or less synonymous with community-based marine resource

management eorts. The common thread o the FIRMED program

model is community control and management o marine resources.his involves the transer o tenure and resource entitlements

e.g. management o sheries – rom the state to the local level.

CERD is involved in all aspects o this authority transer: advocacy,

ommunity mobilizing, ormation and strengthening o local

evelopment structures, marine resource management planning,

apacity building and training, and network development. The goal

s enhanced capacity or community-based shing organizations

owards the sustainable management o coastal and marine

esources and improved local incomes.

The cornerstone o CERD success is cross-sector partnerships,

in particular with various levels o government. As such, a g

amount o CERD activities revolve around advocacy and partne

building, making connections between sherolk organiza

and shpond operators, barangay ofcials, municipal ofcers,

provincial and regional government representatives. Leveragin

teen sherolk organizations, CERD ocuses on the municipal

to inuence planning processes and integrate community-b

sheries management and gender awareness into developm

agendas; to oer policy advice on how best to transer manage

rights to local shing groups; and to network between govern

and community-based initiatives. The legal mandates or a ran

the resource management strategies (sh sanctuaries, mang

reorestation and protection, endangered species rescue

conservation, and ‘women-managed areas’) are secured thro

barangay-level resolutions, municipal ordinances, and commu



7

ased management stewardship contracts. CERD is active in

stablishing co-management bodies, which are subsequently used

or advocacy eorts in shery policy.

Sustainable management and appropriate technologies

Among the activities promoted by CERD which have become the

oundation o local management plans are the creation o sh

anctuaries (no-take zones), the demarcation o marine protectedreas, mangrove reorestation and management, regulation

open and closed seasons, endangered species protection,

hellsh cultivation, and sea grass arming. Emphasis is given to

nvironmentally-riendly technologies (specically in the areas o

ry and ngerling production, eed ormulation, and processing

echniques), which are tested through public demonstrations,

iloting and ongoing research. CERD is also using coral gardening

nd coral reseeding technologies in an attempt to speed the

ecovery and regeneration o particularly degraded marine habitats

cosystems. Capacity building ocuses on knowledge and skills

evelopment o CERD members in areas such as membership

ecruitment and organizing, resource management, monitoring and

valuation, advocacy and lobbying, and gender awareness.

n addition to their ocus on sherolk organizations, CERD also

argets environment and development strategies at the household

evel. All members are encouraged to participate in a social mapping

xercise, where target households explore dierent ways in which

hey can eectively and realistically engage in the sustainable

esource management work o each sherolk organization. The

ationale is that successul community-based resource management

trategies are highly dependent on the ull participation, support

nd commitment o individual households and members. An

nderstanding o household level challenges – and potential barriers

to ull and complete participation – will only strengthen the cap

o CERD to deliver high-impact and eectively tailored solution

Marine area under conservation; women-managed are

In eect, CERD manages a protected area which covers rou

5.7 percent o the oshore municipal waters o Hinatuan. Thro

its member sherolk organizations, CERD manages seven

sanctuaries over an area o 476.3 hectares, as well as a mangconservation area o 1146 hectares, o which 200 hectares have b

reorested as o 2011. Conservation activities have paid dividend

the local shermen. In Hinatuan Bay alone, sh catch size incre

over a three-year period rom three to eight kilograms per day.

Among the many noteworthy CERD innovations has b

promotion o ‘women-protected areas” or women-managed a

(WMAs). This unique management model engenders the crea

o resource management zones which exclusively utilize em

shers in conservation and livelihood activities. The rst o t

areas was established in 2009 in Mahaba Island, Hinatuan. By 2

two more WMAs were established in two barangays, coveri

total area o 17.8 hectares o mangrove orest. A key managem

eature o the WMA in Hinatuan is the regulation o she

harvesting, with open and closed seasons. For two months, ha

the area is open or harvesting, while the other hal is closed, the

allowing the shellsh to regenerate. Ater this cycle, the open

is closed while the other site is opened or harvesting. Betw

cycles, monitoring is done by the women to determine cha

in the abundance and diversity o dierent shellsh species.

model is an accurate reection o CERD’s commitment to ge

mainstreaming in community-based natural resource managem

the empowerment o women, and awareness-raising on ge

issues in the sheries sector.



8

Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS

Marine biodiversity conservation, as well as the regeneration o

damaged and degraded coastal ecosystems, has been an important

outcome o CERD activities. Conservation gains have been

chieved largely through the creation o seven sh sanctuaries.

The sanctuaries have been particularly important or coral ree

ecosystems, which were being steadily and dangerously eroded

rom illegal and destructive shing practices. Within the sanctuaries,

sh species diversity and marine resource biomass has increased

dramatically. Mangrove orests have also been protected, resulting

n reduced rates o deorestation and illegal logging. Mangrove

onservation eorts have been complemented by community-managed reorestation activities.

Monitoring o biodiversity results

With the ull and complete participation o sherolk organizations,

CERD regularly records and monitors the status o coastal and

marine resources. Particular ocus is given to sh abundance and

diversity, coral ree cover, mangrove health, and reorestation areas.

The drivers o biodiversity decline and ecosystem degradation are

dentied so that appropriate actions can be taken. Sightings and

poaching o endangered species (such as sea cows and turtles) are

eported in order to track changes in populations.

Ecological assessments use community-based monitoring tools.

Dierent tools and approaches are applied to dierent resources and

ecosystems. For mangrove surveys, a transect plot method is most

egularly employed. A 100-meter transect line is laid out and 10x10

meter plots established at 10-meter intervals. Mangrove species are

dentied and categorized into mature, sampling or seedling. Each

ategory is then counted within the transect plots. For coral cover, a

point intercept transect is the preerred methodology. The approach

measures the percentage o live and dead coral cover, as well as

lgae, substrates, and invertebrate species. A 50-meter transect

line is laid out along the coral ree area. Areas o between 25-5

intervals are marked, and organisms recorded along the tran

line. For sea grass bed surveys, a 1x1 meter quadrat is used w

an area o 100 meters. This quadrat is then thrown at random

the sea grass beds. Where it lands, sea grass species are identie

are the number o other species in each square. For sh abund

participating community members employ a visual census, u

the same 50-meter transect as in coral cover surveys. An imag

5x5 meter plot is used to identiy and count sh species.

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

Project outcomes in Hinatuan Bay alone tell the story o CERD’reaching impacts on the economies o participating commun

This initial pilot project was carried out over a three year period

was delivered through capacity building support to teen she

organizations, as well as the creation o one shing ederation.

Resource management plans and nancial management strate

were developed with each sherolk organization. Support

extended to 320 target households with the aim o diversi

local incomes. Three groups were supported to establish seaw

arming projects, another three to establish sh ponds, and a u

three to establish market outlets or prawn, seaweed and aba

products. In some cases, household incomes increased by more

PHP 13,500 over the three-year period. Another key objective wbuild sherolk organizations’ capacity to engage in environm

education at the community level, and enorce regulation o s

ordinances on the sustainable management o coastal and ma

resources. Based on capacity assessments, tailored capacity bui

plans were developed or each organization. Collectively,

groups were successul in reducing illegal and destructive s

practices by 80 percent; persuading six barangay and one mun

government units to allocate a budget or dedicated “sh ward

to support access regulations; lobbying or seasonal s

ordinances in ten barangay government units and two mun



councils to protect the habitats o key endangered marine species;

and establishing community-based regulatory mechanisms. CERD

was also able to establish three ‘women-managed areas’ within

Hinatuan Bay. More than 40 women were involved in leading the

marine and coastal resource management activities at these three

ites, with each creating a management committee and gender and

health committees.

Livelihoods diversifcation and improved fsh stocksFity men and women shers have been engaged in seaweed arming

o raise their income and reduce pressure rom capture sheries.

Seaweed arms serve as de acto sh sanctuaries, sh habitats and

eeding areas. By 2010, ve women shers were trained in dried

eaweed trading and marketing. Increased household incomes

esulting rom these activities has allowed some participants to

purchase shing boats and equipment, send their children to school,

and invest in housing repairs.

Across all o its project sites, CERD has been able to work with

sherolk organizations to increase sh stocks, which ultimately

ranslates to improved livelihoods or local shermen. Studies

conducted by CERD conrm that the size and length o sh caught in

project sites since the initiative began have increased substantially.

Prior to the project interventions, shermen averaged a catch size

o 2-3 kilograms per shing trip. Ater six years o the project, these

ame shermen now average 5-8 kilograms per shing trip. This

ncrease has catalyzed a change in local attitudes, where marine

esource conservation and protection is now viewed by the majority

o the local population as critically linked to improvements in the

shing sector.

POLICY IMPACTS

CERD has been particularly adept at ostering relationships betweenocal sherolk organizations and the central government, which

has various departments at the municipal level. Specically, the

nitiative has worked closely with the Department o Agriculture,

the Bureau o Fisheries o Aquatic Resources, the Municipal Fish

and Aquatic Resources Management Council, and the Philip

National Police. Beyond these departments, collaboration with

government units has proven essential or the ongoing work o

sherolk organizations, or communities to access unds, or d

lobbying on municipal activities, and or inclusion in developm

plans and project implementation. At the national level, CER

actively engaged in sheries policy reorm through the NGO

Fisheries Reorm (NFR) network. Several national policies been passed based on CERD input, including the 2009 Philipp

“Magna Carta o Women”– which gives equal recognition to wo

shermen, as distinct rom women in the agricultural sector –

several guidelines or municipal water delineation.

During implementation o its project in Hinatuan, and

development and strengthening o teen community-b

shing organizations, CERD was able to inuence govern

programs and policies both at the barangay and municipal le

This bridge-building resulted in local governments passing se

ordinances that were responsive to the demands and needs o

shers. The use o and access to coastal municipal waters was m

closely monitored. There was closer regulation o shery activitiwell as local rights within those sheries. Registration o shers

promoted. License and permit systems were put in place. Zona

o municipal waters accounted or marine protected areas and

corrals. Greater controls were placed on illegal and destru

activities.

In Batangas Bay, CERD was highly successul in inuencing

barangay-level coastal and shery resource management strate

Through these plans, sherolk organizations were able to en

in mangrove restoration eorts, marine reserve creation, and

establishment o sh sanctuaries. Co-management bodies suc

the Fishery Aquatic Resource Management Council (FARMC)

ormed at the barangay, municipal, and bay levels to maximizeinput sherolk organizations had into sheries policy processe

9

http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/uploads/Philippines%20-%20Magna%20Carta%20for%20women%20%282009%29.pdf






10

Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYCERD’s partnership model is the oundation o its long-term

ustainability. In particular, its ability to ensure linkages between

ommunity-based shing organizations and local government

nits is critical. Equally important is a commitment to community

articipation, engagement and ongoing education. CERD activities

annot succeed without a committed and active membership base.

As such, local shermen must be regularly and adequately inormed

bout the common environmental and socioeconomic issues

hat conront them, as well as the benets that are possible rom

ollective action. The initiative oers training courses on business

lanning and management, marketing, market supply-chains,echnical and enterprise management skills, seaweed arming,

rab breeding, sh-drying, and household level planning – all to

nsure that participating communities continue to see the benets

nd incentives o conservation and sustainable marine resource

management. Social cohesion and community ownership are

lso maintained through multi-stakeholder trainings which bring

ogether shermen, local government ofcials, police, and church

fcials.

A positive step to advance CERD sustainability was the creation o

he united sherolk ederation, Nagkahiusang Mangingisda ng

Hinatuan (NAMAHIN) in Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur, which combined

nto an alliance a number o coastal villages and previously disparateommunity-based organizations. The ederation also provides a

ommon platorm or program development and natural resource

management, and has ultimately strengthened CERD capacity to

each out to coastal communities in an integrated and comprehensive

way. At the regional level, CERD is connected to the Pacic Locally

Managed Marine Area Network, which allows or ongoing learning

n what is working and what is not in marine area management.

CERD is also working with more than 100 local schools to ensure

ong-term sustainability and the uptake o sustainable practices by

uture generations o shermen.

In 2011, CERD acilitated the construction o the NAMAHIN Wo

Technology and Development Center, which serves as a tra

and display area or the dierent products produced by

households. Beyond helping members advertise and sell

products, NAMAHIN also serves as a clearing house or loc

produced products such as dried sh, sh sauce and paste,

and nito handicrats, household decorations made rom recy

materials, tea, and novelty items.

REPLICATION

CERD recognizes that improvements in marine ecosystems reqthe wide-scale uptake o sustainable approaches, and that iso

projects will not sufce in rejuvenating damaged environm

Accordingly, signicant emphasis has been placed on transe

the FIRMED model to other communities and replicating

approach across dierent locales.

Replication o the FIRMED model within Samar

For example, CERD has been active in eight barangays in Biri, Nort

Samar since 2004, working to establish sherolk organiza

and to grow their membership (now totaling over 80 people).

work ultimately led to the establishment o a sh sanctuary a

number o spill-over projects in potable water managementpublic health issues and mangrove protection and managem

eorts. Mangrove protection and management is now expend

three more municipalities in Northern Samar, namely Lavesarez

Jose and Rosario. In 2002, CERD also established a FIRMED prog

in Mondragon, Northern Samar which has led to the ormatio

a sherolk ederation composed o six sherolk organiza

and a total membership o 211 people. Three locally-mana

shing areas have also been demarcated, covering more than 3

hectares o coastal water. In addition, one barangay was ab

establish a community-managed mangrove replantation pro



1111

astly, a partnership with the Department o Science and Technology

nd the Mondragon local government unit paved the way or the

stablishment o a salt processing plant, which is managed by one

the traditional sherolk organizations.

nother set o FIRMED programs were established in Tinambakan

District, Calbayog City, and Kerikite Island as early as 1996, which led

o the ormation o thirteen sherolk organizations in ten barangays.

n addition to a ocus on articial ree installation, sh sanctuaries andegeneration sites, these organizations have successully established

shery law enorcement teams, which apprehend illegal shers and

ommercial shing vessels intruding into municipal waters. The

roups have also come together to orm a Coral Ree Network.

n 2008, the FIRMED program was expanded to our barangays in

Marihatag, Surigao del Sur wherein our shers’ organizations were

stablished, mangrove planting and protection eorts initiated, and

ne women-managed area declared.

ndependent management beyond CERD

he lasting impact o CERD’s interventions is evidenced by the many

ases in which it has phased out its involvement in an area, with its

work now being carried out independently. In 1996, CERD phased

ut rom Western Samar, where coastal resource management

orts have since been sustained by the provincial sherolk

ederation Gugma han Maqueda Bay Iguin Ondong han Organisasyon

amarnon (GIOS). In 1998, CERD programs in the municipality o

alatagan, Western Batangas, were ended: the municipal-level

Organization o Small Fisherolk in Calatagan has since carried on

his work. Likewise, in 2001, CERD involvement in the municipality

Balayan ended, where the municipal-level sherolk organization,

NAK Balayan, now operates and implements a community-based

esource management project in coastal barangays.

PARTNERS

ERD partners all into our dierent categories: community partners,

ocal government units, donors, and NGO networks. Partners oten

ary between project sites.

ommunity partners: Local shermen and community partners

ontribute to CERD through Nagkahiusang Mangingisda ng

inatuan (NAMAHIN), a municipal-level sherolk ederation. The

ederation is made up o traditional sherolk organizations which

articipate on a voluntary basis. Community members provide

material, labor and energy or the implementation o projectctivities. The community members engage in the establishment

nd management o resource management strategies such as sh

anctuaries, mangrove management plans, and the monitoring and

egulation o coastal waters.

ocal government units: Essential partners in CERD work are local

overnment units, at the barangay, village or municipal levels.

hey provide support through enabling policies related to sheries

management and biodiversity conservation. Support is also

rovided through budget allocation rom local development unds.

Counterpart unds are also provided or potable water, commu

inrastructure, and sh sanctuary projects.

Donors: A number o donors have provided and continue to pro

CERD with nancial support, including the Swiss Catholic Le

Fund, the Lutheran World Relie, IPADE-AECID, Oxam Internatio

and Oxam Great Britain.

NGOs or Fisheries Reorm (NFR): This umbrella network lob

the national government and individual line ministries or sh

policies that protect the interests o municipal sheries

traditional sherolk organizations.

Locally Managed Marine Area Network: The LMMA network h

to build the capacity o traditional sherolk organizations in

monitoring and evaluation, both or biophysical and socio-econo

data.

SALIGAN: This NGO has provided CERD with legal advice and trai

on sheries and environmental law.



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FURTHER REFERENCE

CERD Photo Story (Vimeo) http://vimeo.com/15670939

White, A. T. and Vogt, H. P. 2000. Philippine Coral Rees Under Threat: Lessons Learned Ater 25 Years o Community-Based Ree Conserva

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol 40, Issue 6, June 2000, pp 537-550.

http://vimeo.com/15670939

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X9900243X





http://vimeo.com/15670939

http://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348153212.pdf



Case Studies UNDP: CENTRE FOR EMPOWERMENT AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, Philippines

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