Casa gorordo in cebu

CASA GORORDO IN CEBUUrban Residence in a Philippine Province

Resil B. Mojares

Presented by:

Shiella H. Nacorda

M.Ed Social Studies

CASA GORORDO-AN URBAN RESIDENCE IN PHILIPPINE PROVINCE

Establishing settlements and

communities

How Economic system

transformed due to different

colonial period

(Cebuano's way of living)

RISE OF CEBU

The Early Settlement

The Embryonic City

The Growth of a City

Origins and Rise of Parian

Emergence of Urban Cebu

RISE OF URBAN CEBU

The Early Settlement-

• Important port settlement

• In 1521 Pigafetta mentioned that men of Magellan

saw Fourteen to fifteen villages on its seacoast.

• Suprabarangay

• Karl Hutterer describes that -Central settlement: six

hectare area (streets of Magallanes, Juan Luna,

Manalili and Martires) at that time was close to the

shore.

RISE OF URBAN CEBUThe Early Settlement-

• Houses were made of planks and bamboo, raised high

from the ground on large logs and one must enter by

means of a ladder.

• Megalithic house culture did not exist due to cultural

and ecological reasons.

• Spanish occupation led to transformation of houses or

residential territories.

• Spaniards committed themselves in building a network

of Ciudades and pueblos.

RISE OF URBAN CEBU


• Legazpi’s arrival in Cebu in 1565, Spaniards

then hoped for a permanent settlement.

• A unique combination of diplomacy and force,

Legazpi’s men subdued the natives.

• May 8, 1565 less than two weeks after the

Spanish arrival , ground was then set for a

triangular fort.

• This is the first Hispanic settlement and had

given “Villa de San Miguel”

RISE OF URBAN CEBU


the fort was strengthened during the threat of a

Portuguese invasion;

Legazpi moved his headquarters to Panay and

returned to Cebu

Re-established the settlement on Jan.1, 1571

Natives came to grudgingly accept again Spanish

presence.

RISE OF URBAN CEBU-

THE EMBRYONIC CITY

• Over 2 centuries after the founding of

Cebu, it remained a city in the embryo

p.13.

• It suffered in fact a recession owing to

the disruptions introduced by the

Spanish presence p.13.

• There was neglect of agriculture and

industries as the natives fled to the

hinterland to escape Spanish

reduccion, forced labor and paying

tribute p.13.

RISE OF URBAN CEBU

The Embryonic City

• Spaniards remained committed to

Cebu.

• It retained several official functions p.

14

• In 18th century the city began to

acquire its distinctive colonial form

p.16.

Old Cebu

Guillaume Le Gentil

RISE OF URBAN CEBU

• 19th century- period witnessed the re-

emergence of Cebu City as a major entrepot

for products from Negros, Panay, Leyte, Samar

and the northern coast of Mindanao p. 17.

• There was a growing importance of Philippine

Agricultural crops in the world market.

• Cebu’s port served as a world port in 1860.


RISE OF URBAN CEBU

• Increased in economic activities.

• Rise in urban real estate.

• Agricultural land became a prime asset.

• Urban elite began to move out of Pari-an and

the city into towns to purchase and lease lands.

• The appearance of steamship speeded up

travel.


RISE OF URBAN CEBU

• Entry of different nationals in Cebu market.

• Cabecillas

• Increased Chinese population.

• Growth of arrabales: increased in the

residential density.

• Expansion of the native industries.


RISE OF URBAN CEBU

• Poblacion de Naturales ( Town of San Nicolas)

• Poblacion de Europeos ( ciudad of Cebu)

• Chinese and artisans quarter called Pari-an

(Mexican word for Marketplace)

• Ciudad as Intramuros or walled city

Origins and Rise of Pari-an

RISE OF URBAN CEBU

• Jesuits priests were invited to establish

school ( USC) Colegio de San Ildefonso.

• Christianization of the Chinese residents

in Pari-an.

• By this time Jesuits was in charge in

Pari-an districts.

Origins and Rise of Pari-an

RISE OF URBAN CEBU

• Economic changes led to more development of an

urban “mestizo culture”

• Inter-ethnic relationships increased

• Ethnic distinctions became blurred. (sharing common

language, religion… culturally assimilated)

• Different establishments.

• Colon street was also called Calle del Teatro (cite for

cinemas oriente, empire and Royo.


RISE OF URBAN CEBU

• By 1900 the City had some 2,000 buildings or houses

• “The period of colonialism was a period of commercial

urbanization…” T.G. McGee

• Medium-scale establishments.


RISE OF URBAN CEBU

• City expanded beyond P. Del Rosario St.,

Jones Avenue and Mango Avenue.

• Fuente Osmena and Southern Islands

Hospital ( Vicente Sotto Memorial Hospital)

• American’s great concern was in

transport and communications.


URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU


• Due to Ecological and social conditions Philippine

dwellings have not changed in many areas.

• Though influences are uncontrolled and accepted

changes, its modification was not always

according to the image of the intruding culture.

The Structured Landscape

http://shootingstar03.deviantart.com/art/Bahay-Kubo-252949904


The structured landscape

• Generally constructed by the family or by its head.

• No nails during the construction

• What is necessary is produced in the islands and it is

easily attainable.

• Every family possesses its own house p. 47

• Cebuanos were described as skillful p..47

http://myphilippinelife.com/we-build-a-bahay-kubo-bamboo-guest-house/

URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBUThe structured Landscape

• Makeshift houses – balaibalai or bugawan. (near

fields where they work)

• Clusters of houses were occasioned by Kinship,

economic and ethnic ties.

• There were elements of social differentiation.

• Headman’s housed have not been too different

from the rest of the houses except that it was more

spacious…http://myphilippinelife.com/we-build-a-bahay-kubo-bamboo-guest-house/


The structured landscape

• Modification of native dwelling forms and

residential patterns due to reduccion.

• European urbanism, mark of civilization.

• Reduccion was necessary for religious instruction

and socio-political control.

• (within the sound of church bells)

• Reduccion was slow and frustrating process for

the Spaniards. http://carcarkabkad.blogspot.com/2011/11/carcar-cebu-philippines.html


The structured Landscape

• The early churches were made of forests

products.

• Bishop Domingo de Salazar of Manila complained

of the physical features of Cebu’s Churches.

• 1591 Cebu became the seat of a diocese that

included the Visayas, Northern coast of Mindanao

and the Marianas Island. http://carcarkabkad.blogspot.com/2011/11/carcar-cebu-philippines.html


House building in Cebu

• 18th & early 19th centuries, stone structures in

Cebu’s buildings were imposed.

• 19th century private residences was then

constructed using stones, bricks and tiles.

• Material prosperity due to world trade in Philippine

Agricultural products.

• Pari-an was known to have strong and durable

houses made of hard word, stone blocks… p. 53

• Bamboo houses are still visible; city still has farm

land in it as described by Bruce Fenner


House building in Cebu

• The district of Pari-an was known to be a place for elite

families in Cebu.

• Growth results to commercialization and

professionalization of construction.

• Increase in the traffic of urban solares (lots) and houses

p. 64

• Most of the houses are owned by different religious

orders and had them leased to private individuals.

• 19th century created a market for houses and lots.


• a square or rectangular ground plan. Full stone

houses;

• Private residences with two stories;

• Four natural forces- rains, typhoons, earthquakes and

fire- were important shaping forces in colonial

architecture.

• Art historians see this colonial town residence as

evolution from the native dwelling.

Domestic Architecture in Cebu


• More changes during 20th century

Domestic Architecture in Cebu


• People spent lavishly for entertainments.

• Land was important material to maintain

wealth.

• People value fiesta celebrations.

• Zarzuelas in Plaza of Parian sponsored

mostly by a government official.

• Educational opportunities were limited only

Seminario de San Carlos offered beyond

elementary level.

Colonial Residential Life


• Major popular festivities were Governor or royal

birthday and religious festivities.

• Bullfights, zarzuelas, theatre houses ( Teatro

Junquera- first playhouse in Cebu).

• A theatre was then built on the land of Rafael

Veloso in the kanipaan district and it was reported

grand compare to what they have in Manila.

• Social and Cultural life in the community became

more active p. 77



• The yearly Cebu Carnival also became a major

event in the city.

• At this time of social growth, American

consumer-world began to invade the area.



• The new port economy modified

patterns of residential life.

• Cebuanos began to develop a taste of

European imports and luxury goods.

• Imported good were mostly for

construction of houses p.72


GORORDO RESIDENCE IN CEBU

• Gorordo family is a product of cross-ethnic marriages.

• Engaged in trading parcels of land, cash crops and money

lending.

• They moved to barili where Juan Isidro de Gorordo was Fiel

Interno (tax collector for wine products)

• The elder Gorordo was in Spanish Civil Service as Visitador

(inspector in the province)

• Jose the elder son was an active landowner and contratista of

sugar and other cash crops.

• 2 elder daughters never married while the youngest, Maria

married Leoncio Jaen a Spaniard.

Gorordo Household


• The younger son Juan came to be the best known Gorordo.

• Servings as the first Filipino bishop of Cebu. He was born in

Barili on April 18, 1862.

• He was a distinguished student in Seminario de San Carlos

@ the age of 12.

• He serve as a teacher after his ordination.

• Gone to China for missionary duties, serve as a chaplain in

the Cebu Cathedral.

• The young Juan was one of the emissaries who met

Americans on board when Spanish government collapse.

Gorordo Household


• Cebu Cathedral was completed.

• Building of Sto. Rosario Church

• Colegio de San Carlos on P. Del Rosario St.

• He donated 54 hectares of land for the Eversley childs

Leprosarium in Consolacion, Cebu.

• 40% of his assets/ wealth was given for the Church and the

next to his family.

• When Juan Gorordo was elevated as Bishop of Cebu in

June 1909 it was well celebrated.

Gorordo Household


• House construction was surrounded by a complex of Folk

beliefs preserved in Oral tradition.

• Parian was one of the most Hispanified districts of the

province.

• Old wealthy families had a priest in the family,

• Priesthood as the primary way towards intellectual and

social advancement for Filipinos.

• Parian houses a distinct monastic quality in the presence

of religious symbols, the murmured nightly novenas and

the lack of a loud, boisterous gaiety.

Life in The Old House


• Women were active in the family business.

• Gorordo women were in home-based business of

filling orders for cakes and desserts.

• Gorordo women were also busy attending religious

activity.

• Gorordo residence (family) can be taken as a

representative for both Hispanic and Filipino mestizo

culture.

Life in The Old House

THE RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX IN THE PHILIPPINES

• P.113

• House serves as a social and cultural instrument and symbol.

• Experienced transformations due to developments in economic systems.

• It is a Malayan and Filipino developed dwellings.

• Reeds described that Spaniards- “instinctively equated civilization with

urbanism” p.114

• Ethnocentric view “ a town of stone expresses social progress… while that

of nipa houses indicates savagery…exhibits inferior people p.114

• Environmental degradation

• Fragmentation

• Differentiation od residential and commercial districts

• Change of old public orientation of residential life.

• http://zerothreetwo.com/travel/casa-gorordo-museum-cebu/

http://zerothreetwo.com/travel/casa-gorordo-museum-cebu/

Casa gorordo in cebu

Education

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