CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS
Transcript of CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS
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Tortugas terrestres y de agua dulce de Colombia y manejo de los decomisos
Septiembre 2012
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MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE
Presidente de la República de Colombia Juan Manuel Santos Calderón
Ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo SostenibleFrank Pearl
Viceministra de Ambiente Adriana Soto
Directora de Bosques, Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos Xiomara Sanclemente
Grupo de Gestión en Biodiversidad Claudia Luz Rodríguez
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
Rector Ignacio Mantilla Prada
Vicerrector de Investigación Alexander Gómez Mejía
Decano (E) Facultad de CienciasJohn Charles Donato Rondón
Vicedecano de Investigación Luis Fernando Ospina
Director Departamento de Biología Hernando Alfonso Valencia Zapata
Grupo de investigación Biología de Organismos Tro-picales (Biotun) María Argenis Bonilla Gómez, Directora
Autores María Argenis Bonilla Gómez, Ph. D. –Directora de Proyecto– Natalia Luque Sánchez, Bióloga - Coordinadora Mónica Adriana Cuervo Martínez, Bióloga - Coordinadora Laura Camila Barreto Calderón, Bióloga Catalina Zuluaga Rodríguez, Bióloga
Edgar Adrián Vásquez Ávila, Biólogo Marjorie Pinzón Arias, BiólogaOscar Yandy Romero Goyeneche, Biólogo Felber Jair Arroyave Bermúdez, BiólogoMaría Carolina Becerra Riveros, Bióloga Cindy Cristina Leguízamo Pardo, Bióloga Joven Investigadora Colciencias - estudiante de posgrado
Ilustraciones interiores y contracarátulaEdgar Adrián Vásquez Ávila, Biólogo
Fotografía portadaCindy Leguízamo
Fotografías interioresNatalia Luque, BiólogaCindy Leguízamo, BiólogaMónica Cuervo, BiólogaPriscila Saab Vélez, Bióloga
Diseño y diagramaciónZulima Pulido Pardo
ImpresiónEditorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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Cítese como:Colombia. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo SostenibleTortugas terrestres y de agua dulce de Colombia y manejo de los decomisos/; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bonilla M. A., Luque N., Cuervo M. A., Pinzón M. y Vásquez E. A.; Bogotá, D.C.: Colombia. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, 2012. 100 p. 1. Tortugas terrestres y de agua dulce de Colombia2. Manejo de los decomisos
4. Amenazas a la biodiversidad5. Ciclo de vida tortugasI. Tit.II. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo SostenibleIII.Universidad Nacional de Colombia CDD: 591.7 ISBN: 978-958-761-234-9Esta publicación se produjo en el marco del Convenio 179 de 2011 suscrito entre el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible y la Universidad Nacional de Colombia © Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia.© Universidad Nacional de Colombia Todos los derechos reservados. Se autoriza la reproducción y difusión de material contenido
del titular de los derechos de autor, siempre que se cite claramente la fuente. Se prohíbe la
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VULNERABLE (VU)
CASI AMENAZADO (NT)
PREOCUPACIÓN MENOR (LC)
DATOS DEFICIENTES (DD)
NO EVALUADO (NE)
Riesgo de extinción
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Ranfotecas
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Tímpano
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Vida libre
Cortejo
Apareamiento
Estivación
Crecimientoy desarrollo
NeonatosEclosión
Juveniles
Maduraciónsexual
Adultos
Anidación3-4 meses
Huevos
Incubación y enduración (52)
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12 Datos Deficientes (DD)
3 Peligro Crítico (CR)Chelonoidis carbonariaPodocnemis expansa (en la Orinoquia)Podocnemis unifilis (en la Orinoquia)
5 En Peligro (EN)
Chelonoidis denticulata (en la Orinoquia)Mesoclemmys dahliPodocnemis expansa (en la Amazonia)Podocnemis lewyanaPodocnemis unifilis
5 Casi Amenazadas (NT)
Rhinemys rufipesRhinoclemmys annulataRhinoclemmys nasutaTrachemys callirostrisTrachemys venusta
6 Vulnerables (VU)
Chelonoidis denticulata (en la Amazonia)Kinosternon dunniMesoclemmys zuliaePeltocephalus dumerilianusPodocnemis erythrocephalaPodocnemis sextuberculata
Están presentes únicamente en el hemisferio sur
Tortugas(Orden Testudinata)
Pleurodiras
CriptodirasSon las únicas tortugas presentes en el
hemisferio norte
Retraen la cabeza dentro del caparazón
Son la mayoría de tortugas existentes, tanto terrestres como acuáticas y todas las marinas.
La mayoría son semi-acuáticas
Doblan la cabeza dentro del caparazón
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El color indica la regióndonde se encuentra distribuída la especie
Cuando se muestra undegradado de coloresindica que la especie está enmás de una región
Categoría de la especie en laLista Roja y presencia enapéndices de Cites
Principales amenazas a laspoblaciones de la especie
Características morfológicasy ecológicas utilizadas paradiferenciar la especie de tortuga
Distribución geográfica de laespecie, tanto general como en Colombia
Hábitat donde generalmente seencuentra la especie
Características generales: Tortuga semia-cuática que se alimenta especialmente de insec-tos y caracoles. De no más de 28 cm de largo. El caparazón es ovalado o elíptico, aplanado y de-primido, de color café-oliva, con los escudos marginales un poco inclinados hacia arriba. El plastrón tiene una muesca en “v”, es mucho más angosto que el caparazón y es de color amarillo ocre. La cabeza es de gran tamaño, ancha y alar-gada que sobresale del resto del cuerpo; la región ventral y lateral de la cabeza son de color amarillo y la región dorsal es gris o café-oliva. Tiene barbicelos mentonianos cortos. El cuello es grisáceo en el dorso y más claro en la parte ventral. Las patas son palmeadas con cinco garras en las extremidades anteriores y cuatro en las posteriores. Los machos son más peque-ños que las hembras, en estos la cola es más lar-ga y ancha y el plastrón es escotado en los escu-dos anales (Zangerl & Medem, 1958; Ernest et al., 1998; Castaño-Mora, 2002; Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007).
Distribución general: Endémica de la Re-gión Caribe de Colombia (Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007).
Distribución en colombia: Presente en la ciénaga de Zapatosa en el departamento de Ce-sar, en la ciénaga Grande del bajo Sinú en Cór-
doba, en la cuenca de los ríos Sinú-San Jorge y en los departamentos de Sucre, Bolívar y Atlántico (MAVDT, 2002b; Carvajal-Cogollo et al., 2007; Medina-Rangel, 2011).
Hábitat: Vive en aguas poco profundas, tem-porales, pantanos, bosques de ribera y en gene-ral en ambientes acuáticos con vegetación de borde o flotante (Castaño-Mora, 2002; Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007).
Lista Roja y Cites: En 1985 la UICN la con-sideró como el tercer reptil más cercano a de-saparecer. Desde el 2000 se encuentra cataloga-ada como especie En Peligro Crítico (CR) a nivel mundial y nacional y en el Apéndice I de Cites (Castaño-Mora, 2002; Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007; Asociación Colombiana de Herpetología, 2011; IUCN, 2011
Amenazas: Las redes de pesca son una ame-naza para esta especie debido a que quedan atrapadas. La pérdida de hábitat y condiciones intrínsecas como las bajas densidades y el aisla-miento geográfico, hacen que sus poblaciones sean mucho más vulnerables a la extinción (Castaño-Mora, 2002; MAVDT, 2002b; Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007).
Nombre comúnCarranchina, cabeza al lado, cabeza volteada, Dahl´s toad-headed turtle
FamiliaChelidae
Nombre científicoMesoclemmys dahli
(Zangerl y Medem, 1958)
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FamiliaChelidae Mesoclemmys dahli
(Zangerl & Medem, 1958)
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Nombre comúnHicotea, icotea, jicotea, colombian slider turtle
FamiliaEmydidae Trachemys callirostris
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Nombre comúnTortuga de río, tortuga de agua, tortuga del Magdalena, Magdalena river turtle
FamiliaPodocnemididae Podocnemis lewyana
(Duméril, 1852)
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FamiliaPodocnemididae Podocnemis lewyana
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Nombre común Bache, mordelona, tortugaña,
South American snapping turtle
FamiliaChelydridae Chelydra acutirostris
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Nombre común Tortuga montañera, tortuga pambilero,
icotea, Brown wood turtle
FamiliaGeoemydidae Rhinoclemmys annulata
(Gray, 1860)
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Nombre común Cabeza de trozo, tapaculo,
Dunn’s mud turtle
FamiliaKinosternidae Kinosternon dunni
(Schmidt, 1947)
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![Page 40: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
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Nombre común Tortuga sabalatera, tortuga blanca,
Tortuga chibigüi, Large nosed wood turtle
FamiliaGeoemydidae Rhinoclemmys nasuta
(Boulenger, 1902)
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Nombre comúnIcotea, jicotea, pecho de carey,
Panamanian slider turtle
FamiliaEmydidae Trachemys venusta
(Gray, 1855)
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Nombre comúnIgüensa, galápago, galápago negro,
Maracaibo wood turtle
FamiliaGeoemydidae Rhinoclemmys diademata
(Mertens, 1954)
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Nombre comúnSabanera, galápago, galápago llanero,
Savannah side-necked turtle
FamiliaPodocnemididae Podocnemis vogli
(Müller, 1935)
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motelo, Yellow-footed tortoise
FamiliaTestudinidae Chelonoidis denticulata
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Nombre comúnMatamata, mata-mata,
tortuga fea, Matamata turtle
FamiliaChelidae
(Schneider, 1783)
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Nombre comúnCharapita de aguajal, charapita de
cananguchal, hedionda, Gibba turtle
FamiliaChelidae Mesoclemmys gibba
(Schweigger, 1812)
![Page 54: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
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D/6(&(!A(%'(!$;!&-#-#*$&'$!.$!?#(%*;2!(;!-#*$&'$!.$;!
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AM
AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
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54
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_2 E
E
)-;-#!&$:#-!6! ;-%!$%)/.-%!9(#:*&(;$%!%-&!(9(#*EE
AM
AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
Nombre comúnHuele feo, galápago sol, hedionda,
Amazon toad-headed turtle
FamiliaChelidae Mesoclemmys heliostemma
(McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Lamar, 2001)
![Page 56: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
55
E:*+&!.-#%(;G!3-%!9()A-%!'*$&$&!;(!)-;(!9N%!;(#:(!H/$!
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AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
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56
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_28&/.2$&3%#/-)G! 3-%! 9(E
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AM
AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
Nombre comúnCabezón, tartaruga arara, guacamayo
charapa, Big-headed amazon river turtle
FamiliaPodocnemididae Peltocephalus dumerilianus
(Schweigger, 1812)
![Page 58: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
57
E
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AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
![Page 59: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
58
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_2 E
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E
E
AM
AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
Nombre comúnChipiro, chimpiro, irapuca,
Red headed sideneck
FamiliaPodocnemididae Podocnemis erythrocephala
(Spix, 1824)
![Page 60: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
59
E
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AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
![Page 61: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
60
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2()/N'*)(G!7-&%/9$!:#(&!<(#*$.(.!.$!)-9*.(!*&);/6$&E
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8262$,&'0)
E
AM
AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
Nombre comúnCharapa, arrau, warara,
South American river turtle
FamiliaPodocnemididae Podocnemis expansa
(Schweigger, 1812)
![Page 62: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
61
E&.*#/G2!E
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AM
AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
![Page 63: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
62
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_2 EE
E
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E
AM
AZ
ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
Nombre comúnTaracayá, taricay, terecay, Yellow-spotted side-neck
FamiliaPodocnemididae
(Troschel, 1848)
![Page 64: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
63
E
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ON
IA
- O
RIN
OQ
UIA
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64
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_2 E
E
/&(!H/*;;(!-!)(#$&(!)$&'#(;!$&!5/<$&*;$%!6!$%!.$!)-;-#! :(##(%!$&!;(%!$1'#$9*.(.$%!(&'$#*-#$%!6!%-;-!)/('#-!
AM
AZ
ON
IA
Nombre comúnCharapa, jará, charapita de aguajal,
Amazon toad-headed turtle
FamiliaChelidae Mesoclemmys raniceps
(Gray, 1856)
![Page 66: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
65
9N%!)+&)(<-!6!$%)-'(.-!)$#)(!(!;-%!$%)/.-%!(&(;$%!&.*#/ &.*#/G2!JKKOFG
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4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/
AM
AZ
ON
IA
![Page 67: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
66
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_2 EE*##$:/;(#$%! 6! %/%! #$:*-&$%! .-#%(;! 6! ;('$#(;! %-&! .$!
E:*&(;$%!6!;(!:(#:(&'(!%-&!.$!)-;-#!#-5-!)-&!9(#)(%!
AM
AZ
ON
IA
Nombre comúnBachala, teparo, charapa,
Schweigger´s side-necked turtle
FamiliaChelidae Phrynops geoffroanus
(Schweigger, 1812)
![Page 68: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
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E
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#/
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AM
AZ
ON
IA
![Page 69: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
68
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_2
E
E
AM
AZ
ON
IA
Nombre comúnCharapita de altura, charapita, charapita
de aguajal, Lala twist-necked turtle
FamiliaChelidae Platemys platycephala
(Schneider, 1792)
![Page 70: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
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EE
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AM
AZ
ON
IA
![Page 71: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
70
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_2
$1'#$9*.(.$%!%-&!.$!)-;-#!#-5-2!;-!)/(;!$%!)(#()'$E
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E
AM
AZ
ON
IA
Nombre comúnTortuga achiote, tortuga de cabeza roja,
Cágado vermelho, Red-footed sideneck turtle
FamiliaChelidae
(Spix, 1824)
![Page 72: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
71
&.*#/&.* #/ &.*
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AM
AZ
ON
IA
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72
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_
82162$,&'0)
AM
AZ
ON
IA
Nombre comúnCupiso, iaçá, pitiú,
Six-tubercled Amazon river turtle
FamiliaPodocnemidae Podocnemis sextuberculata
(Cornalia, 1849)
![Page 74: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
73
EE
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AM
AZ
ON
IA
![Page 75: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
74
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_2 EE
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AM
PL
IA D
IST
RIB
UC
IÓN
Nombre comúnTortuga nariguda, palmera,
Cabeza pintada, Colombian wood turtle
FamiliaGeoemydidae Rhinoclemmys melanosterna
(Gray, 1861)
![Page 76: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
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EE
5(!)-&!&/9$#-%(%!9(&)A(%!&$:#/>)(%G!3-%!9()A-%!
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PL
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RIB
UC
IÓN
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76
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_ EE
E
E
Nombre común
Tapaculo liso, bipuámia, caná, White-lipped mud turtle
Familia
Kinosternidae Kinosternon leucostomum(Duméril & Bibron, 1851)
AM
PL
IA D
IST
RIB
UC
IÓN
![Page 78: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
77
<(&$)$#%$! (!9$.*.(! H/$! ;-%! *&.*<*./-%! $&<$5$)$&!E
&.*#/&.*#/G2!JKKOFG
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E.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/ &.*#/ E
`a?&$+$_2 E
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E&.* #/
AM
PL
IA D
IST
RIB
UC
IÓN
![Page 79: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
78
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2
E
E
E
EE
Nombre común
Tapaculo común, tortuga-pecho quebrado, casquito, Scorpion mud turtle
Familia
Kinosternidae Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)
AM
PL
IA D
IST
RIB
UC
IÓN
![Page 80: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
79
EE
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%/#!.$!?-;*<*(!6!$;!&-#'$!.$!=#:$&'*&(!A(%'(!$;!-#*$&'$!&.*
#/ %..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG
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=#(/)(2!=';N&'*)-2! ?-;@<(#2! 7(;.(%2! 7(H/$'N2! 7(%(&(#$2!E
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AM
PL
IA D
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RIB
UC
IÓN
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80
!+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2EE
E:#/>)(%!A()*(!$;!)$&'#-G!3(%!$%)(9(%!.$;!.-#%-!.$!
E
.$%(##-;;(.(%G!0&!;-%!(./;'-%!;-%!9()A-%!%-&!9N%!
Nombre comúnMorrocoy, morrocoyo, morrocón,
Red-footed tortoise
FamiliaTestudinidae Chelonoidis carbonaria
(Spix, 1824)
AM
PL
IA D
IST
RIB
UC
IÓN
![Page 82: CARTILLA FINAL TORTUGAS](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102623/589c36f51a28ab584a8b4d0f/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
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82
Nombre comúnCarranchina, cabezón de Zulia, tortuga
montañera, Zulia toad-headed turtle
FamiliaChelidae Mesoclemmys zuliae
(Pritchard y Trebbau, 1984)
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84
Nombre comúnBachala, charapa, cágado de barbicha,
Cotinga river toadhead turtle
FamiliaChelidae Phrynops tuberosus
(Peters, 1870)
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86
Nombre Común
Icotea, tartaruga japonesa, Red-eared Slider
Familia
Emydidae Trachemys scripta elegans(Schoepff, 1792)
INT
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Se terminó de imprimir en la Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia
en septiembre de 2012. En esta edición se empleó papel propalcote de 150 g, se utilizaron caracteres Baskerville, Times y Gill Sans MT, en un formato de 21,5 x 14 cm.
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