Carrying the Burden: Understanding the Influences on Women’s Fuel-wood Collection Practices in...
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![Page 1: Carrying the Burden: Understanding the Influences on Women’s Fuel-wood Collection Practices in Northeastern Tanzania Elizabeth Morrill Bates College Presentation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d4c5503460f94a2a1cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Carrying the Burden:Understanding the Influences on Women’s Fuel-wood Collection
Practices in Northeastern Tanzania
Elizabeth MorrillBates College
Presentation for the Trans-Boundary Protected Areas Research Initiative
Wednesday May 12, 2004
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Study Site: Usambara Mountains
Usambara Mountains have high biodiversity and endemism. Also serve as water catchments.
Dense human populations. Livelihood is primarily farming.
Concern for regional forests and their future existence.
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Usambara Mountains
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Focus of Work
• Gender dimensions of environment use looking at fuel-wood collection.
• Gendered roles, rights and responsibilities within the environment.
• Women’s effects on environment and the consequences of the environments health on women.
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Theory: Feminist Political Ecology
• Gendered power and space in the environment.
• Gender division of…
- Land use
- Responsibility
- Control/ownership
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Methodology
• Gender sensitive research methods • Beneficial information to community• Multi-methods approach
All techniques to understand the role of gender in the environment
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Gender Sensitive Data Gathering Techniques
• Seasonal (harvest) Calendars
• Gender Resource Mapping
• Focus Groups
• Interviews, Participant Observation, Transect Walks.
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Seasonal Calendars
• To gain information on people’s seasonal work schedules, times of stress, famines, financial difficulties, and environmental stresses.
• Help to better understand the gender differences or similarities of responsibilities, control, and labor.
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Gender Resource Map Making
• To understand spatially male and female perspectives on the environment.
• To look more closely at power relationships within the environment.
• Examining how the landscape becomes engendered and the resulting consequences.
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Example of Gender Map Making from Dianne Rocheleau’s work in Kenya
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Focus Groups
• Better understanding perspectives. Consensus on shared knowledge.
• Reaffirming information
• Dialogue for groups to discuss ideas and problems
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Other Research Methods
• Interviews
• Participant observation
• Transect walks
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Benefits to Research Methods
• Gender sensitive information for conservation and development groups.
• Shared knowledge within local community.
• Addressing environmental and gender issues within community.
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Results from Data
• “In-between” spaces
• Local forestry laws, formal and informal
• Women’s groups
• Spread of environmentalism
• Gendered control, permission required.
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Further Studies
• Focus on male gender roles
• Critically looking at gendered spaces.
• Examining women’s groups more closely to look for furthering women’s empowerment.
• Applying ideas in local conservation and development plans.
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References
• Rocheleau, Dianne, David Edmunds. 1997 “Women, Men and Trees: Gender, Power and Property in Forest and Agrarian Landscapes.” World Development, Aug, Vol. 25 Issue 8, p1351. Academic Search Premier.
• Rocheleau, Dianne. Thomas-Slayter, Barbara. Wangari, Esther. 1996. “Gender a Environment” In Feminist Political Ecology. Rocheleau, Dianne. Thomas-Slayter, Barbara. Wangari, Esther, eds. Routledge: New York.
• Thomas-Slayter, Barbara. Esser, Andrea Lee. Shields, M. Dale. Tools of Gender Analysis. ECOGEN Research project International Development Program. Clark University. July, 1993.