CoverTable of ContentsCoverPreface

ContentsCoverPrefaceCONTENTS Part 1. LOAD ESTIMATING1. Building Survey and Load Estimate2. Design Conditions3. Heat Storage, Diversity and Stratification4. Solar Heat Gain thru Glass5. Heat and Water Vapor Flow thru Structures6. Infiltration and Ventilation7. Internal and System Heat Gain8. Applied Psychrometrics

Part 2. AIR DISTRIBUTION1. Air Handling Apparatus2. Air Duct Design3. Room Air Distribution

Part 3. PIPING DESIGN1. Piping Design - General2. Water Piping3. Refrigerant Piping4. Steam Piping

Part 4. REFRIGERANTS, BRINES, OILS1. Refrigerants2. Brines3. Refrigerant Oils

Part 5. WATER CONDITIONING1. Water Conditioning - General2. Scale and Deposit Control3. Corrosion Control4. Slime and Algae Control5. Water Conditioning Systems6. Definitions

Part 6. AIR HANDLING EQUIPMENT1. Fans2. Air Conditioning Apparatus3. Unitary Equipment4. Accessory Equipment

Part 7. REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT1. Reciprocating Refrigeration Machine2. Centrifugal Refrigeration Machine3. Absorption Refrigeration Machine4. Combination Absorption-Centrifugal System5. Heat Rejection Equipment

Part 8. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT1. Centrifugal Pumps2. Motors and Motor Controls3. Boilers4. Miscellaneous Drives

Part 9. SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS1. System and Applications

Part 10. ALL-AIR SYSTEMS1. Conventional Systems2. Constant Volume Induction System3. Multi-zone Unit System4. Dual-duct System5. Variable Volume, Constant Temperature System6. Dual Conduit System

Part 11. AIR-WATER SYSTEMS1. Induction Unit System2. Primary Air Fan-coil System

Part 12. WATER AND DX SYSTEMS1. Fan-coil Unit System2. DX Systems

Index

Part_01_Chapter_01Table of ContentsBUILDING SURVEYSPACE CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAT LOAD SOURCESLOCATION OF EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES

AIR CONDITIONING LOAD ESTIMATEOUTDOOR LOADSINTERNAL LOADS

HEATING LOAD ESTIMATEHIGH ALTITUDE LOAD CALCULATIONSEQUIPMENT SELECTIONGo to topGo to bottom

Part_01_Chapter_02Table of ContentsOUTDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS - SUMMER AND WINTERNORMAL DESIGN CONDITIONS - SUMMERMAXIMUM DESIGN CONDITIONS - SUMMERNORMAL DESIGN CONDITIONS - WINTERCORRECTIONS TO OUTDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS FOR TIME OF DAY AND TIME OF YEARINSIDE COMFORT DESIGN CONDITIONS - SUMMERINSIDE COMFORT DESIGN CONDITIONS - WINTERINSIDE INDUSTRIAL DESIGN CONDITIONSGo to topGo to bottom

Part_01_Chapter_03Table of ContentsSTORAGE OF HEAT IN BUILDING STRUCTURESCONSTANT SPACE TEMPERATURE AND EQUIPMENT OPERATING PERIODSSPACE TEMPERATURE SWINGPRECOOLING AS A MEANS OF INCREASING STORAGEDIVERSITY OF COOLING LOADSSTRATIFICATION OF HEATGo to topGo to bottom

Part_01_Chapter_04Table of ContentsSOLAR HEAT - DIRECT AND DIFFUSEORDINARY CLASSALL GLASS TYPES - WITH AND WITHOUT SHADING DEVICESAPPROXIMATION OF FACTORS FOR COMBINATIONS NOT FOUND IN TABLE 16GLASS BLOCKSHADING FROM REVEALS, OVERHANGS, FINS AND ADJACENT BUILDINGSGo to topGo to bottom

Part_01_Chapter_05Table of ContentsHEAT FLOW THRU BUILDING STRUCTURESEQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE - SUNLIT AND SHADED WALLS AND ROOFSTRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT UCALCULATION OF TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT UHEAT LOSS THRU BASEMENT WALLS AND FLOORS BELOW THE GROUND LEVELTRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS - PIPES IN WATER OR BRINEWATER VAPOR FLOW THRU BUILDING STRUCTURESCONDENSATION OF WATER VAPORGo to topGo to bottom

Part_01_Chapter_06Table of ContentsINFILTRATIONINFILTRATION THRU WINDOWS AND DOORS, SUMMEROFFSETTING INFILTRATION WITH OUTDOOR AIR, SUMMERINFILTRATION THRU WINDOWS AND DOORS, WINTERINFILTRATION - CRACK METHOD (Summer or Winter)

VENTILATIONVENTILATION STANDARDSSCHEDULED VENTILATION

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Part_01_Chapter_07Table of ContentsINTERNAL HEAT GAINPEOPLEELECTRIC MOTORSPIPING, TANKS AND EVAPOURATION OF WATER FROM A FREE SURFACESTEAMMOISTURE ABSORPTIONLATENT HEAT GAIN - CREDIT TO ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT

SYSTEM HEAT GAINSUPPLY AIR DUCT HEAT GAINSUPPLY AIR DUCT LEAKAGE LOSSHEAT GAIN FROM AIR CONDITIONING FAN HORSEPOWERSAFETY FACTOR AND PRECENT ADDITIONS TO ROOM SENSIBLE AND LATENT HEATRETURN AIR DUCT HEAT AND LEAKAGE GAINHEAT GAIN FROM DEHUMIDIFIER PUMP HORSEPOWERPERCENT ADDITION TO GRAND TOTAL HEAT

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Part_01_Chapter_08Table of ContentsDEFINITIONAIR CONDITIONING PROCESSESDESCRIPTION OF TERMS, PROCESSES AND FACTORSSENSIBLE HEAT FACTORROOM SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR (RSHF)GRAND SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR (GSHF)REQUIRED AIR QUANTITYEFFECTIVE SURFACE TEMPERATUREBYPASS FACTOR (BF)AIR QUANTITY USING ESHF, ADP AND BFAIR CONDITIONING LOAD ESTIMATE FORM

AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUSCOIL CHARACTERISTICSCOIL PROCESSESSensible CoolingCooling and DehumidificationSensible Heating

COOL PROCESS EXAMPLECooling and DehumidificationCooling and Dehumidification - High Latent Load ApplicationCooling and Dehumidification - Using All Outdoor AirCooling with HumidificationSensible Cooling

SPRAY CHARACTERISTICSSATURATION EFFICIENCYSPRAY PROCESSESAdiabatic Saturation or Evaporative CoolingCooling and Humidification - With Chilled Spray WaterSensible CoolingCooling and DehumidificationCooling and Humidification - With Heated Spray WaterHeating and Humidification

SPRAY PROCESS EXAMPLESCooling and DehumidificationCooling and Dehumidification - Uisng All Outdoor AirEvaporative CoolingEvaporative Cooling Used With A Split SystemHeating and Humidification - With Sprays

SORBENT DEHUMIDIFIERSPSYCHROMETRICS OF PARTIAL LOAD CONTROLPARTIAL LOAD ANALYSISREHEAT CONTROLBYPASS CONTROLVOLUME CONTROLON-OFF CONTROL OF AIR HANDLING EQUIPMENTON-FF CONTROL OF REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENTREFRIGERATION CAPACITY CONTROLPARTIAL LOAD CONTROL

ABBREVIATIONSSYMBOLSPSYCHROMETRIC FORMULASAIR MIXING EQUATIONS (Outdoor and Return Air)COOLING LOAD EQUATIONSSENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR EQUATIONSBYPASS FACTOR EQUATIONSTEMPERATURE EQUATIONS AT APPARATUSTEMPERATURE EQUATIONS FOR SUPPLY AIRAIR QUANTITY EQUATIONSDERIVATION OF AIR CONSTANTS

BIBLIOGRAPHYCHAPTER 2TABLE 1TABLE 4TABLE 5

CHAPTER 3TABLE 6 THRU 12TABLE 15TABLE 16TABLE 17CHART 1 AND TABLE 18

CHAPTER 5TABLES 19 AND 20TABLES 35 AND 36TABLE 38TABLE 40CHART 2

CHAPTER 6TABLES 41, 43 AND 44TABLE 45

CHAPTER 7TABLE 48TABLE 49TABLE 50TABLE 51TABLE 53TABLE 54

CHAPTER 8

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Part_02_Chapter_01Table of ContentsLOCATIONECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONSOUND LEVEL CONSIDERATIONSLAYOUT

EQUIPMENTOUTDOOR AIR LOUVERS AND SCREENLOUVER DAMPERSRELIEF DAMPERSAIR CLEANING EQUIPMENTHEATING COILSPreheat CoilsReheat or Tempering Coils

COOLING COILSSPRAYS AND ELIMINATORSAIR BYPASSFANSFAN MOTOR AND DRIVE

APPARATUS CASINGCONNECTIONS TO MASONRYDRAINS AND MARINE LIGHTS

INSULATIONSERVICEGo to topGo to bottom

Part_02_Chapter_02Table of ContentsGENERAL SYSTEM DESIGNCLASSIFICATIONVelocityPressure

AVAILABLE SPACE AND ARCHITECTURAL APPEARANCEECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING DUCT LAYOUTHeat Gain or LossAspect RatioFriction RateType of Fittings

DUCT LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONSTransformationsDuct Reduction IncrementsObstructionsElbowsTake-offsAir ControlDuct Condensation

DUCT SYSTEM ACCESSORIESFire DampersAccess Doors

DUCT DESIGNFriction ChartAir QuantityDuct DiameterFriction RateVelocity PressureFlexible Metal ConduitFAN CONVERSION LOSS OR GAINDUCT SYSTEM ELEMENT FRICTION LOSSDESIGN METHODSLOW VELOCITY DUCT SYSTEMSVelocity Reduction MethodEqual Friction MethodStatic Regain MethodComparison of Static Regain and Equal Friction Methods

HIGH VELOCITY DUCT SYSTEMSDUCT HEAT GAIN AND AIR LEAKAGEHIGH ALTITUDE DUCT DESIGNDUCT CONSTRUCTIONLow Pressure SystemsHigh Pressure Systems

WEIGHTS OF DUCT MATERIALS

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Part_02_Chapter_03Table of ContentsREQUIREMENTS NECESSARY FOR GOOD AIR DISTRIBUTIONTEMPERATUREAIR VELOCITYAIR DIRECTION

PRINCIPLES OF AIR DISTRIBUTIONBLOWDROPINDUCTIONIMPORTANCE OF INDUCTIONSPREADINFLUENCE OF VANES ON OUTLET PERFORMANCEStraight VanesConverging VanesDiverging Vanes

INFLUENCE OF DUCT VELOCITY ON OUTLET PERFORMANCE

IMPORTANCE OF CORRECT BLOWSUPPLY TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIALTOTAL ROOM AIR MOVEMENT

TYPES OF OUTLETSPERFORATED GRILLEFIXED BAR GRILLEADJUSTABLE BAR GRILLESLOTTED OUTLETEJECTOR OUTLETINTERNAL INDUCTION OUTLETCEILING OUTLETSPan OutletCeiling DiffuserPerforated Ceilings and Panels

APPLICATION OF CEILING DIFFUSERSBLOWPRESSURE DROPSDIFFUSER APPROACHOBSTRUCTIONS

OUTLET NOISE LIMITATIONSOUTLET LOCATIONSCEILING DIFFUSERSWALL OUTLETSWINDOW OUTLETSFLOOR OUTLETS

SPECIFIC APPLICATIONSAPARTMENTS, HOTELS AND OFFICE BUILDINGSBANKSDEPARTMENT STORESRESTAURANTSSTORESTHEATRES

RETURN GRILLESLOCATIONCeiling ReturnWall ReturnFloor Return

OUTLET SELECTIONGo to topGo to bottom

Part_03_Chapter_01Table of ContentsGENERAL SYSTEM DESIGNMATERIALSSERVICE LIMITATIONSEXPANSION OF PIPINGPIPING SUPPORTS AND ANCHORSVIBRATION ISOLATION OF PIPING SYSTEMSDesign Considerations for Vibration IsolationRemedies or Repairs for Vibration Isolation After Installation

FITTINGSGENERAL PURPOSE VALVESVALVE CONSTRUCTION DETAILSBonnet and Body ConnectionsValve Stem OperationPipe Ends and Valve Connections

GATE VALVESDisc Construction

GLOBE, ANGLE AND "Y" VALVESDisc Construction

PLUG COCKSREFRIGERANT VALVESCHECK VALVESSPECIAL SERVICE VALVES

VALVE AND FITTING PRESSURE LOSSESGo to topGo to bottom

Part_03_Chapter_02Table of ContentsWATER PIPING SYSTEMSOnce-Thru and RecirculatingOpen and ClosedWater Return Arrangements

CODES AND REGULATIONSWATER CONDITIONINGWATER PIPING DESIGNPIPE FRICTION LOSSWater VelocityFriction RatePipe Length

WATER PIPING DIVERSITYPUMP SELECTION

SYSTEM ACCESSORIES AND LAYOUTACCESSORIESExpansion TanksStrainersThermometers and GagesAir Vents

PIPING LAYOUTWater CoilsCoolerCondenserCooling TowerAir WasherSprayed CoilPump PipingExpansion Tank PipingDrain Line Piping

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Part_03_Chapter_03Table of ContentsGENERAL SYSTEM DESIGNAPPLICATION CONSIDERATIONSCODE AND REGULATIONS

REFRIGERANT PIPING DESIGNDESIGN PRINCIPLESObjectivesFriction Loss and Oil Return

REFRIGERANT PIPE SIZINGUse of Pipe Sizing Charts

LIQUID LINE DESIGNFriction Drop and Static HeadLiquid SubcoolingSizing of Condenser to Receiver Lines (Condensate Lines)

SUCTION LINE DESIGNSuction RisersDouble Suction Risers

DISCHARGE (HOT GAS) LINE DESIGNDischarge RisersDouble Discharge Risers

REFRIGERANT CHARGE

REFRIGERANT PIPING LAYOUTEVAPORATORSSuction Line LoopsMultiple Circuit CoilsDry Expansion CoolersFlooded Coolers

COMPRESSORSDischarge PipingInterconnecting Piping

CONDENSERSEvaporative Condenser to Receiver PipingMultiple Shell and Tube CondensersVibration of Piping

REFRIGERANT PIPING ACCESSORIESLIQUID LINELiquid Suction InterchangersLiquid IndicatorsStrainersRefrigerant DriersFilter-DriersSolenoid ValvesRefrigerant Charging ConnectionsExpansion Valves

SUCTION LINEBack Pressure Valves

DISCHARGE LINEOil SeparatorsMufflersCheck Valves

REFRIGERANT PIPING INSULATIONGo to topGo to bottom

Part_03_Chapter_04Table of ContentsGENERAL SYSTEM DESIGNPIPING ARRANGEMENTPRESSURE CONDITIONSCONDENSATE RETURNCODES AND REGULATIONSWATER CONDITIONSPIPING SUPPORTSPIPING DESIGNONE-PIPE SYSTEMTWO-PIPE SYSTEM

PIPE SIZINGGENERALRECOMMENDATIONSTwo-Pipe High Pressure SystemTwo-Pipe Medium Pressure SystemTwo-Pipe Low Pressure SystemTwo-Pipe Vapor SystemTwo-Pipe Vacuum SystemOne-Pipe Low Pressure SystemFriction Rate

PIPING APPLICATIONSSTEAM TRAP SELECTIONAmount of CondensatePressure DifferentialSafety Factor

STEAM TRAP TYPESFloat TrapThermostatic TrapFloat and Thermostatic TrapUpright Bucket TrapInverted Bucket TrapFlash TrapImpulse TrapLifting TrapBoiler Return Trap or Alternating Receiver

CONDENSATE RETURN PUMPVACUUM PUMP

PIPING LAYOUTSteam RiserPrevention of Water HammerRunout Connection to Supply MainExpansion and ContractionObstructionsDripping RiserVacuum LiftSteam CoilsPiping Single CoilsDripping Steam Supply MainSteam Bypass ControlLifting Condensate to Return MainPiping Multiple CoilsBoiler Piping

FREEZE-UP PROTECTIONGo to topGo to bottom

Part_04_Chapter_01Table of ContentsREFRIGERANT CYCLESABSORPTION CYCLECOMPRESSION CYCLELiquid-Suction Interchangers

REFRIGERANT PROPERTIESHEAT TRANSFER COMPARISONSCOOLING COILSCONDENSERS

REFRIGERANT SELECTIONCOMPRESSION CYCLEABSORPTION CYCLE

REFRIGERANT TABLESGo to topGo to bottom

Part_04_Chapter_02Table of ContentsBRINE SELECTIONPIPINGFRICTION LOSSPUMP BRAKE HORSEPOWERBRINE PROPERTIESGo to topGoto to bottom

Part_04_Chapter_03Table of ContentsCLASSIFICATIONPROPERTIESVISCOSITYPOUR POINTCARBONIZATIONFLOC POINTNEUTRALIZATIONDIELECTRIC STRENGTHFLASH POINT AND FIRE POINTOXIDATION SATBILITYCORROSION TENDENCYMOISTURE CONTENTCOLOR

SPECIFICATIONSGo to topGo to bottom

Part_05_Chapter_01Table of ContentsBENEFITS OF WATER CONDITIONINGWATER PROBLEMSWATER SOURCE APPRAISALCONSTITUTENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERpH ValueAlkalinityHardnessSpecific Conductance

METHOD OF ANALYSIS AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTSWATER ANALYSIS DATA TABLE

APPRAISAL OF WATER SYSTEMSONCE-THRU SYSTEMCLOSED RECIRCULATING SYSTEMOPEN RECIRCULATING SYSTEMCHARACTERISTICS OF OPEN RECIRCULATING WATER SYSTEMSEvaporationWindageCycles of ConcentrationControl of Cycles of Concentration by Bleed-off

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Part_05_Chapter_02Table of ContentsTYPES AND CAUSES OF SCALE AND DEPOSITSCALCIUM CARBONATE SCALECALCIUM SULFATE SCALEIRON OXIDE DEPOSITSLUDGE

PREDICTION OF SCALE-FORMING TENDENCIESLANGELIER SATURATION INDEXRYZNAR STABILITY INDEXEFFECT OF SCALE INHIBITORS ON LANGELIER AND RYZNAR INDEXES

SCALE DEPOSIT PREVENTIONBLEED-OFF METHODSCALE INHIBITOR METHODACID METHODREMOVAL OF HARDNESS IN MAKE-UP WATER

WATER CONDITIONING METHOD FOR SCALE CONTROLGo to topGo to bottom

Part_05_Chapter_03Table of ContentsTYPES OF CORROSIONUNIFORM CORROSIONFITTING CORROSIONGALVANIC CORROSIONCONCENTRATION CELL CORROSIONEROSION-CORROSIONOTHER TYPES OF CORROSION

CAUSES OF CORROSIONCORROSION CONTROLCHROMATE INHIBITORSChromate Inhibitors in Hot Water SystemsLow Chromates with Other InhibitorsDisadvantages of Chromates

POLYPHOSPHATE INHIBITORSNITRITE INHIBITORSINHIBITORS FOR ALUMINIUM COOLING TOWERSDEPOSITION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE FILMCONTROL OF pHMECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL DEAERATION

CORROSION MONITORINGINSTALLATION OF TEST COUPONSELECTRICAL RESISTANCE METHOD

EXTERNAL WATER CIRCUIT CORROSIONCOIL CORROSION OF AIR HANDLING UNITSCORROSION OF PIPES BURIED IN THE GROUND

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Part_05_Chapter_04Table of ContentsTYPES OF BIOLOGICAL FOULINGCONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL FOULINGCHEMICALSChlorinated PhenolsCopper SulfatePotassium PermanganateChlorineQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsOther Compounds

METHODS OF TREATMENT

WOOD DETERIORATION AND ITS CONTROLGo to topGo to bottom

Part_05_Chapter_05Table of ContentsDESIGN CONSIDERATIONSFOULING FACTORS

WATER CONDITIONING CHEMICALSFEEDING EQUIPMENTLarge Systems, 75 tons and upSmall Systems, 5 to 75 tons

METHODS OF FEEDING CHEMICALSOnce-Thru SystemsOpen Recirculating SystemsClosed Recirculating Systems

HANDLING OF CHEMICALS

CLEAN SYSTEM REQUIREDCORROSION INHIBITORS, INITIAL CONCENTRATIONWATER CONDITIONING BY NONCHEMICAL METHODSORDINANCES AND GOVERNMENT REGULATIONSWATER CONDITIONING OF LARGEW SYSTEMS 75 TONS AND UPONE-THRU SYSTEMScale ControlCorrosion ControlSlime and Algae Control

OPEN RECIRCULATING SYSTEMScale ControlSlime and Algae Control

CLOSED RECIRCULATING SYSTEMCorrosion Control

WATER CONDITIONING OF SMALL SYSTEMS 5 TO 75 TONSONCE-THRU SYSTEMScale ControlCorrosion ControlSlime and Algae Control

SUGGESTED GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER CONDITIONINGGENERAL CONDITIONSTERMS OF PROPOSALCORROSION CONTROLSCALE CONTROLALGAE AND SLIME CONTROLCHEMICAL FEEDINGSERVICE PROCEDURE

BASIS OF TABLE 13Water Analysis for Supplies in United States CitiesGeneralTotal HardnessBicarbonate (HCO2)Calcium (Ca)Total AlkalinitypH

TYPICAL WATER ANALYSISITHACA, NEW YORK

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Part_05_Chapter_06Toble of ContentsDEFINITIONSBIBLIOGRAPHYGo to topGo to bottom

Part_06_Chapter_01Table of ContentsTYPES OF FANSAPPLICATIONSTANDARDS AND CODESCENTRIFUGAL FANSFORWARD-CURVED BLADE FANBACKWARD-CURVED BLADE FANRADIAL BLADE FAN

AXIAL FLOW FANSFAN DESIGNATIONCLASS OF CONSTRUCTIONFAN ARRANGEMENTS

FAN PERFORMANCELAWS OF FAN PERFORMANCEFAN CURVE CONSTRUCTION

FAN PERFORMANCE IN A SYSTEMSYSTEM BALANCEPRESSURE CONSIDERATIONSSTABILITY

FAN SELECTIONATMOSPHERIC CORRECTIONSACCESSORIESAccess DoorsDrainsVariable Inlet VanesOutlet DampersIsolatorsBearings

CONTROLLOCATIONMULTIPLE INSTALLATIONSGo to topGo to bottom

Part_06_Chapter_02Table of ContentsTYPES OF APPARATUSSTANDARDS AND CODESFAN-COIL EQUIPMENTAPPLICATIONUNIT SELECTIONUnit SizeCoil SelectionAtmospheric Corrections

ACCESSORIESHeating CoilsHumidifiersSpray Water HeatersFace and Bypass DampersVibration IsolationFilters

INSTALLATIONLocationLayoutInsulation

CONTROLCOIL FREEZE-UP PROTECTION

WASHER EQUIPMENTAPPLICATIONHumidifierDehumidifier

UNIT SELECTIONUnit SizeSpray WaterAtmospheric Corrections

ACCESSORIESFlooding NozzlesWater Cleaning DevicesSpray Water HeatersWeirsIsolation

INSTALLATIONLocationLayoutInsulation

CONTROLGeneral Control Considerations

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Part_06_Chapter_03Table of ContentsTYPES OF EQUIPMENTAPPLICATIONSTANDARDS AND CODESUNIT SELECTIONSELECTION RATINGSECONOMICSATMOSPHERIC CORRECTIONS

COIL FREEZE-UP PROTECTIONINSTALLATIONLOCATIONLAYOUT

CONTROLGo to topGo to bottom

Part_06_Chapter_04Table of ContentsAIR CLEANERSCONTAMINANTSPERFORMANCE CRITERIASTANDARDS AND CODESTYPES OF AIR CLEANERSViscous ImpingementDry MediaElectronic

APPLICATIONSELECTIONINSTALLATIONLocationLayout

MAINTENANCE

HEATING DEVICESSTANDARDS AND CODESTYPES OF EQUIPMENTSteam CoilsHot Water CoilsElectric HeatersDuct Furnaces

APPLICATIONSELECTIONSteam and Hot Water CoilsElectric HeatersDuct FurnacesAtmospheric Corrections

COIL FREEZE-UP PROTECTIONINSTALLATIONLocationLayout

CONTROL

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Part_07_Chapter_01Table of ContentsTYPES OF COMPRESSORSOPEN COMPRESSORHERMETIC COMPRESSOR

APPLICATIONSTANDARDS AND CODESUNIT SELECTIONCOMPRESSOR UNITCONDENSING UNITWATER-CHILLING UNIT

DRIVE SELECTIONDRIVE TYPESIZESTARTING TORQUEOVERLOADBELT DRIVE

STARTING EQUIPMENTHERMETIC COMPRESSOROPEN COMPRESSOR

CONTROLSCOMPRESSOR CAPACITY CONTROLSuction-Valve-Unit UnloadingCylinder Head BypassSpeed ControlMultiple UnitsHot Gas Bypass

SAFETY CONTROLSOil Safety SwitchLow Pressure SwitchHigh Pressure SwitchChilled Water Safety SwitchTime Delay RelayMotor Temperature SwitchMotor Overloads

COMPRESSOR OPERATIONMethods of ControlEffect of a Short Operating Cycle

ACCESSORIESINSULATIONLOCATIONLAYOUTFOUNDATIONSELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS

UNIT ISOLATIONGo to topGo to bottom

Part_07_Chapter_02Table of ContentsTYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL REFRIGERATION MACHINESOPEN MACHINEHERMETIC MACHINE

APPLICATIONSTANDARDS AND CODESUNIT SELECTIONOPERATING COSTSDRIVE SELECTIONGEARSMOTOR STARTING EQUIPMENTCONTROLSCAPACITY CONTROLHermetic CentrifugalOpen Centrifugal

CONTROL OF SURGESAFETY CONTROLHermetic CentrifugalOpen Centrifugal

ELECTRICAL DEMAND CONTROLMULTIPLE MACHINE CONTROLParallel ArrangementSeries Arrangement

PURGE UNITINSULATIONLOCATIONLAYOUTNOZZLE ARRANGEMENTSOUTDOOR INSTALLATION

UNIT ISOLATIONGo to topGo to bottom

Part_07_Chapter_03Table of ContentsAPPLICATIONSTANDARDS AND CODESDESCRIPTIONUNIT SELECTIONOPERATING COSTSSTEAM BOILER SELECTIONCONDENSATE RETURN SYSTEMSCONTROLSCONDENSER WATER TEMPERATURE CONTROLCHILLED WATER TEMPERATURE CONTROLENERGY SOURCE CONTROLMULTIPLE MACHINE CONTROLParallel ArrangementSeries Arrangement

SAFETY CONTROL

PURGE UNITINSULATIONLOCATIONLAYOUTNOZZLE ARRANGEMENTOUTDOOR INSTALLATION

UNIT ISOLATIONGo to topGo to bottom

Part_07_Chapter_04Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONENGINEERING PROCEDUREPERFORMANCETURBINE STEAM RATEDISTRIBUTION OF DESIGN CAPACITY AND MINIMUM SYSTEM STEAM RATEAPPORTIONMENT OF CHILLED WATER COOLINGCENTRIFUGAL MACHINEABSORPTION MACHINESTEAM TURBINE

CONTROLSCOMBINATION OPERATIONABSORPTION MACHINE OPERATION

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Part_07_Chapter_05Table of ContentsTYPES OF EQUIPMENTAPPLICATIONSTANDARDS AND CODESAIR-COOLED CONDENSERSUNIT SELECTIONEconomicsComponent BalanceCompressor LimitationsSubcoolingAtmospheric CorrectionsMultiple Circuiting

CONDENSER CONTROLAir Side ControlRefrigerant Side Control

LOCATIONLAYOUT

EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERSUNIT SELECTIONEconomicsComponent BalanceSubcoolingAtmospheric CorrectionsMultiple Circuiting

CONDENSER CONTROLWATER OPERATIONLOCATIONLAYOUTMAKE-UP WATER

WATER-COOLED CONDENSERSUNIT SELECTIONCONDENSER CONTROL

COOLING TOWERSUNIT SELECTIONEconomicsAtmospheric CorrectionsFan Drives

CONDENSER WATER TEMPERATURE CONTROLWINTER OPERATIONMAKE-UP WATERLOCATIONLAYOUT

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Part_08_Chapter_01Table of ContentsSTANDARDS AND CODESCENTRIFUGAL PUMPADVANTAGESCLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATIONImpellerSuctionCasingStagesAssemblyRotationDrive

SUPPLEMENTARY COMPONENTSWearing RingsShaftStuffing BoxMechanical SealBearingsCouplingsBedplate

MATERIALS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP FUNDAMENTALSBASIC THEORYNET POSITIVE SUCTION HEADSUCTION LIFTSPECIFIC SPEEDCAVITATIONVORTEXPERFORMANCEPOWER AND EFFICIENCY

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP AND SYSTEMSYSTEM HEADOPERATION IN A SYSTEMPARALLEL OPERATIONSERIES OPERATIONHIGH BUILDINGSWORKING PRESSURENOISEPUMP SELECTIONMOTOR SELECTION

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP INSTALLATIONINSTALLATIONINSULATIONISOLATIONFOUNDATIONSTARTING

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Part_08_Chapter_02Table of ContentsEQUIPMENT SERVEDNORMAL OR HIGH TORQUE MOTORSMOTORS OF MATCHING CHARACTERISTICSEQUIPMENT AND MOTORSSTANDARDS AND CODESPOLYPHASE A-C MOTORSSQUIRREL-CAGE INDUCTION MOTORNEMA DesignsSpecial Winding ArrangementsMulti-Speed Motors

WOUND-ROTOR MOTORSYNCHRONOUS MOTORHERMETIC MOTOR

SINGLE-PHASE MOTORSFRACTIONAL AND SMALL INTEGRAL HORSEPOWER MOTORSResistance Split-Phase Motor (Fig. 35)Capacitor-Start, Inductance-Run Motor (Fig. 35)Permanent Split-Capacitor Motor (Fig. 35)Capacitor-Start, Capacitor-Run Motor (Fig. 35)Shaded-Pole Motor (Fig. 35)

MOTOR MECHANICS AND ENVIRONMENTINTERNAL OVERHEATING OF MOTORWindings and InsulationService Factor

EXTERNAL OVERHEATING OF MOTORThermal Protection - OvercurrentMotor EnclosuresBearings

NOISEAirborne NoiseMountings and Isolation

MOTOR CONTROLSPURPOSESTANDARDS AND CODESCONTROL ELEMENTSSTARTERSManual or Magnetic StarterFull or Reduced Voltage StarterFull Voltage, Across-the-line StarterReduced Voltage StartersWound-Rotor Motor StarterSynchronous Motor StarterMulti-Speed Motor Controllers

PROTECTIONSwitchesFuses and Circuit BreakersOverload RelaysUndervoltagePhase FailureReversing of PhasesInterlocking

ENCLOSURES FOR STARTERS

HAZARDOUS LOCATIONSNEMA SIZES FOR STARTERS

FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS PRESSURE, INTENSITY, RESISTANCE AND ACTIVE POWERCURRENT-VOLTAGE INTERACTIONSAPPARENT POWERPOWER FACTORVOLTAGE VARIATIONMOTOR TORQUESYNCHRONOUS SPEEDSLIPMOTOR CURRENT

EFFICIENCYHORSEPOWER AND CURRENTGo to topGo to bottom

Part_08_Chapter_03Table of ContentsTYPES OF BOILERSAPPLICATIONSTANDARDS AND CODESSTEAM BOILERSLOW PRESSURE BOILERSCast Iron BoilersFire-Tube Steel Boilers

HIGH PRESSURE BOILERSWater-Tube Boilers

HOT WATER SYSTEMSLOW TEMPERATURE HOT WATER SYSTEMSMEDIUM AND HIGH TEMPERATURE WATER SYSTEMS

BOILER PERFORMANCECAPACITYEquivalent Direct RadiationBoiler HorsepowerActual EvaporationPercent of RatingCorrections to Ratings

EFFICIENCY OF HEAT TRANSFERDRAFT AND PRESSUREFUELSAVAILABILITYDEPENDABILITYCLEANLINESSECONOMYOPERATING REQUIREMENTSCONTROLS

BOILER SELECTIONFUEL CHARACTERISTICSCAPACITY AND STEAM CONDITIONSSPACE CONDITIONSCOSTINDIVIDUAL PREFERENCE

LAYOUTLOCATIONVENT OR CHIMNEYAIR SUPPLY

WATER TREATMENTGo to topGo to bottom

Part_08_Chapter_04Table of ContentsSTEAM TURBINE DRIVETYPES OF STEAM TURBINESSingle Stage TurbineMulti-Stage Turbine

APPLICATIONCondensing TurbineNon-Condensing Turbine

STANDARDS AND CODESTURBINE SELECTIONSTEAM RATECONDENSERPIPING DESIGNSteam PipingMiscellaneous Piping

INSULATIONCONTROLSGOVERNOR

GAS TURBINE DRIVEAPPLICATIONDESCRIPTIONSTARTINGAIR INTAKELUBRICATIONGOVERNORSAFETY CONTROLS

GAS TURBINE DRIVEAPPLICATIONSTANDARDS AND CODESSELECTIONATMOSPHERIC CORRECTIONSHEAT REJECTIONCOOLING SYSTEMSFan and RadiatorShell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger

AIR INTAKE SYSTEMEXHAUST SYSTEMGOVERNOR

DIESEL ENGINE DRIVEGo to topGoto to bottom

Part_09_Chapter_01Table of ContentsSCOPE AND INTENTCUSTOMER AND OBJECTIVEECONOMICSPROBLEMINTEGRATION

SPACE AND BUILDINGOCCUPANCIESSingle-Purpose OccupanciesMulti-Purpose Occupancies

THERMAL LOADBuilding Shell and OutdoorsInternal ElementsPartial Load

SPACE FOR EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMSelf-Contained UnitsCentral Stations

BASIS FOR DESIGN

QUALIFYING SYSTEM SELECTIONECONOMICSBuyerInvestmentOwning CostsOperating ExpenseReturn on InvestmentBudget Analysis

ENVIRONMENTTemperature and HumidityAir CleanlinessAir MovementAcoustics

CONTROL REQUIREMENTSNature of Thermal Load

EXISTING VS. NEW STRUCTURES

SYSTEMSOBJECTIVESYSTEM COMPONENTSTYPES OF SYSTEMS

SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONSDIRECT EXPANSION SYSYEMS (Part 12)ALL-WATER SYSTEMS (Part 12)ALL-AIR SYSTEMS (Part 10)Volume ControlBypass ControlReheat Control

AIR-WATER SYSTEMS (Part 11)HEAT PUMPS

APPLICATIONSSINGLE-PURPOSE OCCUPANCIESResidencesFacilities for Dining and WiningVariety and Specialty ShopsBowling AlleysRadio and TV StudiosCountry ClubsFuneral HomesBeauty SaloonsBarber ShopsChurches, Theaters and AuditoriumsDance and Roller Skating PavilionsFactories

MULTI-PURPOSE OCCUPANCIESOffice BuildingsHotels, Apartment Buildings, DormitoriesHosiptalsSchools and CollegesDepartment StoresShopping CentersLibraries and MuseumsLaboratoriesMarine

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Part_10_Chapter_01Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONCONSTANT VOLUME, VARIABLE TEMPERATURE SYSTEMSRefrigeration Capacity ControlFace and Bypass ControlAir Reheat Control

VARIABLE VOLUME, CONSTANT TEMPERATURE SYSTEMVariable Volume Control

ENGINEERING PROCEDURECOOLING LOADHEATING LOADSUPPLY AIRDUCT DESIGNPIPING DESIGNCONTROL APPARATUS

CONTROLSMODIFICATIONSGo to topGo to bottom

Part_10_Chapter_02Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONCENTRAL STATION APPARATUSINDUCTION UNIT

ENGINEERING PROCEDUREROOM COOLING LOADAIR QUANTITIESROOM HEATING LOADUNIT SELECTIONCENTRAL APPARATUSREFRIGERATION LOADDUCT DESIGNPIPING DESIGN

CONTROLSUNIT CONTROLCENTRAL APPARATUS CONTROLSummer OperationWinter Operation

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Part_10_Chapter_03Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONCENTRAL APPARATUSOPTIONAL EQUIPMENTOTHER SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM OPERATION

ENGINEERING PROCEDUREZONINGCOOLING LOADDEHUMIDIFIED AIRSUPPLY AIRHEATING LOADDUCT DESIGNCENTRAL APPARATUSREFRIGERATION LOADPIPING DESIGN

CONTROLSPNEUMATIC AND ELECTRICSUMMER OPERATIONWINTER OPERATIONVARIATIONS

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Part_10_Chapter_04Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONTHREE BASIC ARRANGEMENTSCENTRAL STATION APPARATUSDUCT-DUCT TERMINAL

ENGINEERING PROCEDUREBUILDING SURVEYCOOLING AND HEATING LOADSAIR QUANTITIESINSULATIONCENTRAL APPARATUSREFRIGERATION LOAD

CONTROLSCENTRAL APPARATUS CONTROLSummer OperationMarginal Weather and Winter Operation

UNIT CONTROL

SYSTEM MODIFICATIONSTWO FANSHUMIDITY CONTROL

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Part_10_Chapter_05Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONENGINEERING PROCEDURECOOLING LOADAIR QUANTITIESFAN SELECTIONDEHUMIDIFIER LOADREFRIGERATION LOADDUCT DESIGNINSULATION

CONTROLSUNIT CONTROLCENTRAL APPARATUS CONTROLSummer OperationWinter Operation

SYSTEM MODIFICATIONSREHEAT COILGo to topGo to bottom

Part_10_Chapter_06Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONENGINEERING PROCEDUREAIR QUANTITIESCENTRAL APPARATUSFansDehumidifiersFiltersHeating CoilsAir Louvers, Screens and Dampers

REFRIGERATION LOADDUCT DESIGNPIPING DESIGNINSULATION

CONTROLSCENTRAL APPARATUS CONTROLSSummer OperationWinter OperationNight and Weekend Operation

UNIT CONTROLS

SYSTEM MODIFICATIONSOTHER APPARATUS ARRANGEMENTSINTERIOR SPACESSERIES WATER FLOWAIR TERMINAL UNIT LEAKAGEVENTILATION THRU THE SECONDARY AIR SYSTEMOPERATING ECONOMYRETURN AIR IN A CEILING PLENUM OF SINGLE STOREY BUILDINGSDIRECT EXPANSION COOLING

AIR TERMINAL UNITSSEPARATE AIR TERMINAL UNITSPrimary Air Terminal UnitSecondary Air Terminal Unit

COMBINATION AIR TERMINAL UNITSMixing Unit

DESIGN SUMMARYGo to topGo to bottom

Part_11_Chapter_01Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONSYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSAIR / TRANSMISSION RATIODefinitionFunctionAir ZoningUse

ENGINEERING PROCEDURESURVEY AND PRELIMINARY LAYOUTBASIS OF TABLE 1ROOM COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONSUNIT SELECTIONROOM HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONAPPARATUS SELECTIONDUCT DESIGNREFRIGERATION LOADDesign Peak Building Load

PIPING DESIGNWATER HEATER

CONTROLSPRIMARY AIR DAMPERPRIMARY AIR PREHEATERPRIMARY AIR REHEATERSECONDARY CHILLED WATERWATER HEATERROOM TEMPERATURE CONTROLSAFETY THERMOSTAT

SYSTEM MODIFICATIONSOFF-SEASON COOLINGSOURCES OF OFF-SEASON COOLINGCHANGE-OVER SYSTEMRETURN AIR

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Part_11_Chapter_02Table of ContentsSYSTEM FEATURESSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONCENTRAL APPARATUS

ENGINEERING PROCEDUREROOM COOLING LOADROOM HEATING LOADPRIMARY AIR QUANTITYUNIT SELECTIONDUCT DESIGNPIPING DESIGNCENTRAL APPARATUSREFRIGERATION LOADWATER HEATER

CONTROLSUNIT CONTROL

SECONDARY WATER CIRCUIT AND PRIMARY AIR APPARATUS CONTROLSGo to topGo to bottom

Part_12_Chapter_01Table of ContentsTYPES OF SYSTEMSSINGLE PIPING SYSTEMSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONSYSTEM FEATURESENGINEERING PROCEDURERoom Cooling LoadRoom Heating LoadUnit SelectionPiping DesignRefrigeration Load

CONTROLSUnit ControlSecondary Water Coil Circuit ControlsSummer OperationWinter Operation

MULTI-PIPING SYSTEMSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONSYSTEM FEATURESENGINEERING PROCEDUREUnit SelectionPiping DesignHeating Load

CONTROLSUnit ControlSecondary Chilled Water and Hot Water Controls

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Part_12_Chapter_02Table of ContentsSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONDIRECT EXPANSION AIR COOLINGLIQUID CHILLING

SYSTEM FEATURESENGINEERING PROCEDUREEQUIPMENT SELECTIONPIPING DESIGNCONTROLS

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IndexTable of ContentsABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZGo to topGo to bottom