Carrier Ethernet Access Overview

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Carrier Ethernet Access Extending Ethernet into the First Mile

October 2008

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A key benefit of Carrier Ethernetis its ability to provide consistent, cost-efficient, high-performance servicesdelivered to users …

connected over the widest variety of access networks in any location

Introduction: Extending Carrier Ethernet into the First Mile

This presentation

Describes how each access technology enables delivery of these and other Carrier Ethernet benefits to users connected to the world’s access networks

COAXDirect Fiber

WDM Fiber

DS3/E3

Bonded Copper

Bonded T1/E1

TDM

Direct Fiber

SONET/ SDH

PON Fiber

MSO/Cable network

Carrier network

Carrier Network

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Carrier Ethernet Access

• Snapshot of a Growing Market• Standards Driving Market Adoption• Multi-Site Enterprise Application Example

– The enabling access technologies• Wireless Backhaul Application Example

– The enabling Ethernet technologies• Carrier Ethernet Benefits

– Available with any access media– Enhanced by ubiquitous service access

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Growing Revenue from Carrier Ethernet

Carrier Ethernet Revenue

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

$14,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

US

D (

Mill

ion

s)

North America

Latin America

EMEA

Asia-Pacific

Yankee Group 2008

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The Fiber Gap Remains a Growth Inhibitor

10.7%15.3%

89.3% No Fiber84.7% No Fiber

2007 U.S. Fiber Availability% of U.S. Commercial Buildings

with 20+ employees

2007 European Fiber Availability% of European Commercial Buildings

with 20+ employees2007 Fiber Availability

% of U.S. Commercial Buildingswith 20+ employees

Source: Vertical Systems GroupENS Research Program

BuildingsFiber-

ConnectedBuildingsNot Fiber-Connected

Fiber Fiber

U.S. Europe

85% of buildings don’t have fiber…and fiber deployment is not happening very fast

85% of buildings don’t have fiber…and fiber deployment is not happening very fast

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What’s Driving the Ethernet Migration?

DIA, Private Lines, Dedicated IP VPN, Frame Relay are migrating to Ethernet

DIA, Private Lines, Dedicated IP VPN, Frame Relay are migrating to Ethernet

Legacy Services Which Are Migrating to Ethernet

(Sub-10Mbps)

1.Frame Relay2.Private Line3.Dedicated Internet Access (DIA)4.DSL5.Greenfield/Other6.Dedicated IP VPN Services7.ATM

Source: Vertical Systems Group 2008

Business Ethernet Service Market

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IP Applications Drive Ethernet Demand

Ethernet Service Applications

• Hosted Centrex Service

• IP PBX / Digital Phone

• Distance Learning / Corporate Training

• Medical Imagining

• Secure file transfer

• Offsite Storage

• Transparent LAN Services

• Data Center Interconnection

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Standards Driving Industry Adoption

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MEF has Standardized the Basic Services

E-Line Service – used to create• Ethernet Private Lines (EPL)• Virtual Private Lines• Ethernet Internet Access

UNI

Multi-point to Multi-point EVCMulti-point to Multi-point EVC

UNIUNI

UNIPoint-to-Point EVCPoint-to-Point EVC

UNI

E-LAN Service – used to create• Multipoint L2 VPNs• Transparent LAN Service• Multicast networks

E-Tree Service – used to create• Rooted multi-point L2 VPNs• Broadcast networks• Telemetry networks

Rooted Multipoint EVCRooted Multipoint EVC

UNI

UNI

UNI

Government, Campus Connectivity

Healthcare, Ethernet Private Line (EPL)

Dedicated Internet Access (DIA)

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MEF Standards for TDM Over Ethernet Circuit Emulation Services over Ethernet (CESoETH)

Primary applications• Mobile backhaul

• Business services delivery

• PBX Interconnect

MEF 18Abstract Test Suite for

Circuit Emulation Services over Ethernet

MEF 18Abstract Test Suite for

Circuit Emulation Services over Ethernet

MEF 3Circuit Emulation Service

Definitions, Framework and Requirements in Metro

Ethernet Networks

MEF 3Circuit Emulation Service

Definitions, Framework and Requirements in Metro

Ethernet Networks

MEF 8Implementation Agreement for the Emulation of PDH

Circuits over Metro Ethernet Networks

MEF 8Implementation Agreement for the Emulation of PDH

Circuits over Metro Ethernet Networks

TDM Circuits(e.g. T1/E1 Lines)

Carrier Ethernet Network

TDM Circuits(e.g. T1/E1 Lines)

Circuit Emulated

TDM Traffic

• MEF 3– Requirements for TDM transport over Ethernet

Access

• MEF 8– Delivery of TDM (T1/E1, DS3/E3) transport

over Ethernet Access

• MEF 18– Tests for compliance of CESoETH system– 334 tests for T1/E1 and DS3/E3 including

tests of clock recovery

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What is Circuit Emulation Over Ethernet?

• Industry’s first formal definition of CES standards over Ethernet • CESoETH “tunnels” TDM traffic through a Carrier Ethernet network

– Packet network “emulates” a circuit-switched network, re-creating the TDM circuit– Invisible to TDM source and destination equipment– Runs on a standard Ethernet Line Service (E-Line)

• Treats the CEN as a “virtual wire” between two TDM networks

PSTN

CustomerPremises CESoETH

Ethernet UNI

Ethernet UNI

Ethernet

E-Line Service

EthernetT1/DS3T1 CES

IWF

TDM subscriber demarcation

TDM Network Interface

Service Provider Network

CESoETH can be delivered over any Ethernet access technology!CESoETH can be delivered over any Ethernet access technology!


CES IWF

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Managing the Carrier Ethernet with OAM

Developed to provide fault management and performance monitoring tools for network links and end-to-end EVCs

IEEE 802.3ahLink OAM Link OAM

Service OAM (UNI to UNI)IEEE 802.1ag, MEF & ITU Y.1731


Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC)

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Manage the Ethernet-based Physical Link

IEEE 802.3ah Link OAM• Provides OAM functions for network segments (access

links and individual circuits)• Monitors individual links, not end-to-end EVC• Provides Link Fault Detection, Monitoring and Loopback

– Identify of link Faults and signal dying gasp to link-partner – Detect and notify link performance degradation or failure during

run-time (compared to pre-set thresholds)– Initiate loopback for testing during installation or trouble-shooting

• Organizational Specific Extensions– Vendors can use 802.3ah extensions to provide capabilities such

as management channels, ports provisioning (VLANs, QoS, rate-limiting, etc.) and fault notifications

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Manage the Ethernet Service End-to-End

Fault Management and Performance Monitoring End-to-End (UNI-to-UNI)

IEEE 802.1ag - “Connectivity Fault Management (CFM)” across EVC – Continuity Check (CC)– Loopback– Linktrace– Also provides the ability to monitor at specific service levels

(including customer, service provider, operator, section) and support for maintenance domains.

ITU-T Y.1731 – “OAM Functions & Mechanisms for Ethernet networks” – Provides all of the 802.1ag functionality with additional performance

monitoring capabilities including:• Frame Loss, Delay and Delay Variation Measurements • Automatic Protection Switching

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MEF Certification

MEF 9: Test suite at the UNI– VLAN switching models on the E-WAN

MEF 14: QOS traffic management– Guarantees the application performance

MEF 18: Circuit emulation services over Ethernet networks– TDM circuits (T1/E1, DS3/E3) transported over

Carrier Ethernet

MEF certified services ensure application delivery across geography and disparate access networksTM

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Multi-Site Enterprise Access Case Study

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Ethernet Access for a Multi-site Enterprise

MSO/ Cable

Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)

COAXDirect Fiber

WDM Fiber

DS3/E3

Bonded Copper

Bonded T1/E1

Carrier 2

TDM

Ethernet

Ethernet EthernetEthernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Direct Fiber

SONET/ SDH

PON Fiber

Ethernet

Carrier 1

Ethernet

Ethernet

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MSO/ Cable

COAXDirect Fiber

WDM Fiber

DS3/E3

Bonded Copper

Bonded T1/E1

Carrier 2

TDM

Ethernet


Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

SONET/ SDH

PON Fiber

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet Over Active Fiber

Ethernet

Direct Fiber

Carrier 1


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NIDDemarcation

Ethernet Access over Active Fiber

Longest Distance- Distance up to 140 Km with no bandwidth loss

Highest Bandwidth Capacity- Bandwidth Capacity of 100Mbps, 1 Gigabit, 10

Gigabit, 40 Gigabit, and more.- WDM enables multiple data streams per fiber link

Security- Physically secure medium with no EMF

emission; nearly impossible to tap lines

Scalability- EVC / E-Line / E-LAN using Q-in-Q VLAN- High capacity enables rate limiting tiered services

Reliability - Protection with redundant links & resilient rings- OAM performance monitoring & fault notification

Secure Service Management- 802.3ah OAM IP-less management & provisioning- NIDs provide securely managed demarcation

Central Office

MediaConversion

Multi-CustomerNID Demarcation

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MSO/ Cable

COAXDirect Fiber

DS3/E3

Bonded Copper

Bonded T1/E1

Carrier 2

TDM

Ethernet

EthernetEthernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Direct Fiber

SONET/ SDH

PON Fiber

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet Over WDM Fiber


WDM Fiber

Ethernet

Carrier 1

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Ethernet Access over WDM Active Fiber

Future Proof- Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) enables

multiple data streams (wavelengths) per fiber link- CWDM supports up to 18 wavelengths per fiber

access link, more with WDM- Add/Drop multiplexers provide new access points by

splicing into the WDM fiber link

Cost Effective- Increase fiber access capacity and minimize

installation of new fiber links- Small form pluggable transceivers, multiplexers

and media converters enable WDM wavelengths with existing infrastructure equipment

Scalability- Quickly implement new fiber access with

off-the-shelf hardware- Wavelengths can deliver different network protocols

to mix Ethernet and TDM services over one fiber link

Central Office

Media and WavelengthConversion

Direct Fiber

Add/DropMultiplexer

Multiplexer

P2P WDM Fiber Access

WDM over SONET Ring

Add/DropMultiplexer

Direct Fiber

NID

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Direct Fiber

Ethernet

Ethernet

Direct Fiber

Ethernet over COAX (HFC)

WDM Fiber

DS3/E3

Bonded Copper

Bonded T1/E1

Carrier 2

TDM

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

SONET/ SDH

PON Fiber

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

COAX

Ethernet

Carrier 1

MSO/ Cable


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Cable uses a Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) network– Network extends fiber to a node– Coax is used for lower bandwidth sites while fiber is still used for large bandwidth sites– Coax-fed and fiber-fed sites are integrated into a single network

Cost effective alternative to Fiber– Up to 10 meg with DOCSIS 3.0 implementation - scalable in 1 meg increments

Typical Customer is Regional Business, Multi-site, Internet-heavy

Alternative to Legacy Technologies ATM, Frame Relay, T1

Typical Applications– Branch office interconnectivity– Dedicated Internet access– Disaster recovery / business continuity– Distance learning– PACS images– Automatic teller machine (ATM)– Security cameras– Point of sale (POS)– Teleworker / remote employees

Ethernet over COAX


100/1000BaseT

Ethernet Edge Aggregator

Fibe

r

Coax

10/100BaseT

Fibe

r

Node

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Direct Fiber

MSO/ Cable

COAXDirect Fiber

WDM Fiber

DS3/E3Bonded

T1/E1

Carrier 2

TDM

Ethernet


Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

SONET/ SDH

PON Fiber

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet Over Bonded Copper

Bonded Copper

Ethernet

Carrier 1


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Ethernet over Bonded Copper

Copper Pairs are Bonded to Create a Single Ethernet Pipe– Utilizes EFM (2BaseTL, IEE802.3ah) Copper Bonding Standard

Leverages Existing Copper to Fill Fiber Gap– Only 15% of US and 11% of European businesses have

access to fiber– Nearly 100% of businesses have enough copper pairs

to get up to 100 Mbps

Fast Service Turn Up, Fast Pay Back– Deploys in days or weeks– Requires minimal CapEx– Payback is 3-6 months

High Bandwidth and Reliability– Up to 10x more bandwidth than legacy copper solutions– Pair failover capability ensures fiber service level

agreements are met or exceeded

Enables Ubiquitous Service Offerings– Provides services out to reaches that cover majority of providers’ serving area


Ethernet Over Bonded

Copper

Pt-to-Multipoint Ethernet over Copper Shelf

Ethernet Over Bonded

Copper

EthernetEthernet

EthernetEthernet

EthernetEthernet

EthernetEthernet

2B

AS

E-T

L

2B

AS

E-T

L

EthernetEthernet

EthernetEthernet

EthernetEthernet

EthernetEthernet

Native

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Native

Ethernet

Copper pairs

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MSO/ Cable

COAXDirect Fiber

WDM Fiber

Bonded Copper

Ethernet


Ethernet

Ethernet

Direct Fiber

SONET/ SDH

PON Fiber

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)

DS3/E3Bonded

T1/E1

Carrier 2

TDM

Ethernet

Ethernet

Carrier 1

Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)

Ethernet over PDH (T1/E1, DS3/E3)

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Ethernet over PDH (T1/E1, DS3/E3)

Ubiquitous Access– T1 and E1 circuits are universally available

– No distance limitations

– Use where fiber is not available or required

Rapid service turn-up– Leverages existing infrastructure

– Well understood provisioning and billing for off-net applications

Flexible and resilient bonding– Service stays up even if one link breaks

– Add and delete links hitlessly


10/100BaseT

Ethernet Edge Aggregator EoNxT1 EDD

Available Service Bandwidth Standard Encapsulation Technologies

Standard Circuit Bonding Technologies

Ethernet over T1/E1 1.5 Mbps up to 16 Mbps (with bonding)

PPP, GFP, HDLC, G.998.2 MLPPP, PDH VCAT

G.998.2

Ethernet over DS3/E3 34 Mbps up to 130 Mbps (with bonding)

X.86, GFP, G.998.2 PDH VCAT, G992.2, LAG

Nx T1/E1

DS3/E3

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COAX

MSO/ Cable

Direct Fiber

WDM Fiber

DS3/E3

Bonded Copper

Bonded T1/E1

Carrier 2

TDM

Ethernet


Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

Direct Fiber

SONET/ SDH

Ethernet Over Passive Optical Network


PON Fiber

Ethernet

Carrier 1

Ethernet

Ethernet

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PON Simplifies Business Park Coverage- 1 Fiber strand is split at business parks- Splitters: pole mounted or on cables- Passive splitter serves 64 ONTs- ONT can be mounted outside- PON prevents fiber exhaust- Quick new customer adds

OPEX Savings & Lowest first cost- Remote ONT activation- Each ONT serves 4 UNI drops- Minimal outside plant maintenance- No power or permits needed- Affordable “Managed UNI” demark

Embedded Service Layering- E-LANs (MEF9)- T1 & E1 backhaul ports- IP-POTS ports

Ethernet Access over PON (Passive Fiber)

CentralOffice S

ingl

e Fi

ber

Str

and

Ethernet

Metro Core

PassiveSplitter

1:32

ONT

ONT

ONT

OLTEthernet



Outdoor 1:64 Passive Fiber Splitter

ONT Optical Network Terminal (CPE) UNI

Optical Line Terminal

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MSO/ Cable

COAX

Direct Fiber

WDM Fiber

DS3/E3

Bonded Copper

Bonded T1/E1

Carrier 2

TDM


Ethernet

EthernetEthernet

Ethernet

Direct Fiber

Ethernet over SONET/SDH



Carrier 1

Ethernet

SONET/ SDH

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Rapid service turn-up– Leverages existing equipment and fiber plant– Ubiquitous availability world wide– Well understood provisioning and billing for off-

net applications– Ethernet enable on-net buildings

Highly resilient and secure service– Sub-50ms resiliency– Secure multi-tenant services– Legacy TDM circuits supported natively

Flexible bandwidth options– OC-3/STM1 up to OC-192/STM64 physical– Sub-rate and Nx OC/STM are available with

VCAT bonding


Available Service Bandwidth

Standard Encapsulation Technologies

Standard Circuit Bonding Technologies


155 Mbps up to 1 Gbps (with bonding)

X.86, GFP VCAT, LAG

OC/STM

OC/STM

Add/Drop Multiplexer

Add/Drop Multiplexer

EoS BoxMulti-tenant

EoS Box

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Mobile Backhaul Case Study

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Multi Physical Transport Mobile Backhaul Example

Direct Fiber

User to Network Interface (UNI)Network to Network Interface (NNI)

MBH Generic Interworking Function (GIWF) - Ex: MEF3/8

Microwave

Ethernet over Bonded PDH (E1/DS1)

Bonded Copper

BTS/NodeB

BTS/NodeB

BTS/NodeB

BTS/NodeB

N x GigE

Wireless CO

(RNC/BSC)

Carrier

ONT

BTS/NodeB

Splitter

PON Fiber

Carrier

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Ethernet / TDM Services at the RAN

Backhaul is migrating from legacy TDM/ATM to Ethernet– The introductions of all IP technologies like EVDO, WCDMA R.5, LTE, and WiMAX require IP

backhaul in addition to the legacy TDM/ATM.

Ethernet is the right choice for growing data services– The introductions of All-IP technologies like EVDO, WCDMA R.5, LTE, and WiMAX require IP

backhaul in addition to the legacy TDM/ATM.

Multiple access technologies are available– A Carrier Ethernet RAN (Radio Access Network) can be achieved using a combination of

different physical transport technologies based on availability. Examples: Fiber, Copper Bonding, Circuit Bonding, and Microwaves.

All RAN traffic can be supported on single Carrier Ethernet connection– The MBH Generic Interworking Function (GIWF) enables the backhaul of any combination of

2G, 2.5G, 3G, Evolved-3G and 4G voice and data traffic over a single Carrier Ethernet RAN.

– The MBH GIWF allows a combination of Ethernet, MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP, and IETF based ATM/Frame Relay/HDLC PWE3 over a single pipe.

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Multiple Generations of Mobile Backhaul

2G

3G

4G

T1/E1

T1/E1 (TDM and ATM)

Ethernet (EVDO/HSPA/3G Rel.5)

Ethernet

Gateway

RNC

BSC

N x GigEOC3/STM-1

ATM (Iub)

CH OC3/STM-1

or E1/T1 (Abis)

Access Device

Ether

net

User to Network Interface (UNI)MBH Generic Interworking Function (GIWF) – Ex: MEF 3/8

BTS

NodeB

eNodeB (LTE)

BS (WiMAX)

Eth CarrierEthernet

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Service Convergence for Multiple Generations

Wireless Generation

Cell Site Interface RNC/BSC Interface Supported Service

GSM, CDMA TDM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1

TDM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1

MEF 3/8 (Emulation of PDH Circuits over Metro Ethernet Networks) based CESoPSN/SAToP

WCDMA based UMTS R.99/4, HSDPA,

ATM & ATM IMA: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1

ATM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1

MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP IETF based ATM PWE3 (RFC4717)

CDMA2000: 1xRTT, 1xEVDO

HDLC: T1/E1, DS3/E3 HDLC: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1

MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP IETF based HDLC PWE3 (RFC 4618)

iDEN FR: T1/E1, DS3/E3 FR: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1

MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP IETF based FR PWE3 (RFC 4619)

WCDMA/UMTS R.5, EVDO, WiMAX, LTE

Ethernet: Fast Ethernet

Ethernet: GigE Ethernet Services

May based on IETF based Ethernet PWE3 (RFC 4448)

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Next-Gen RAN Transport Network

• Carrier Ethernet can be supported over different physical transports

• Carrier Ethernet supports backhaul of all mobile generations over a single pipe

• Carrier Ethernet enables high, scalable, and flexible bandwidth at lower cost

• Five-Nines availability, redundancy , and OA&M supported using Carrier Ethernet

• Carrier Ethernet positions the RAN for WCDMA, LTE, and WiMAX backhaul

BTS

BSC

EthEth

TDME1/T1

IP

ETH

eNodeB (3GPP R5/ LTE)

BS (WiMax)

Access Device

Gateway

G.823/824 Compliant

Clock

ATM RNC R99/4

IP RNCLTE AGW

ATM/IMANodeB

CarrierEthernet

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Benefits of Carrier Ethernet

39

Carrier Ethernet Benefits

Scalability• Spans Ethernet, SONET/SDH, WDM, Cable, DSL, wireless

infrastructures, etc.• Scales for future bandwidth needs, geographic, applications

company expansion Predictability, Risk Reduction, Certification

• MEF 14 provides first performance certification in Communications Industry

• Allows a common world-wide service profile independent of local providers

Control • Simplified, “Enterprise Style” management puts users in

control• Dynamic, granular, bandwidth-on-demand avoids over-

specifying network

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Carrier Ethernet Benefits cont…Performance

• Performance benefits of Layer 2 transport with simplified architecture• User-driven quality of service allows users to control converged network

performance vs. relative application value• Highest bandwidth speeds available • Low latency

Reliability• Key carrier Ethernet attribute• Redundant equipment architectures and fast re-routing algorithms

Data Center & Server Consolidation • Creates virtual transparent LAN environment reducing risk and cost

with highest bandwidth available• High bandwidth, low latency enables more cost effective use of

resourcesSimplicity

• Simplifying protocols creates “one-hop” network more suitable to time sensitive protocols

• Allows LAN style management for the WAN

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Ubiquitous Availability

Ubiquity

Carrier Ethernet is now supported by more than 50 service providers and 100 equipment manufacturers

with 40% annual growth

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More atwww.MetroEthernetForum.org/presentations.htm

Carrier Ethernet Access Overview

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