Carolus Linnaeus Taxonomy: the ordering of the natural world Question: How did relationships come to...
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Carolus Linnaeus
Taxonomy: the ordering of the natural world
Question: How did relationships come to exist?
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Catastrophism(the only explanation for change)
• The world began perfect• Change explained through major disasters
(Catastrophies) on a scale not seen today.• Examples: Noah’s flood
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Thomas Malthus
Economist, concerned with Overpopulation in Europe’s cities
Law of Biotic PotentialOrginisms will maximize their production of offspring. More willbe born than can survive
What determines which will survive???
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Inheritance ofacquired characteristics
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Darwin’s Finches
• Adaptation
• Environmentplays a rolein shaping aspecies
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Natural Selection(Darwin and Wallace)
Requirements:1. variation within a species2. more offspring produced than needed to assure continuance of the species3. environmental factors that favor one variation over another
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Mendelian Genetics• Austrian priest
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) carried out an extensive series of experiments in plant breeding.
• His carefully tabulated results provided the basis of what we know about the mechanisms of genetic inheritance.
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Mendelian Genetics
Figure 2.8:
The seven phenotypic characteristics investigated by Gregor Mendel in his experiments on breeding in pea plants. Each of the seven traits has two distinct phenotypes.