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Caribbean Medical Schools: Library Services & Literacy Education.
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Transcript of Caribbean Medical Schools: Library Services & Literacy Education.
Caribbean Medical Caribbean Medical Schools: Library Schools: Library
Services & Literacy Services & Literacy EducationEducation
Caribbean Islands with Caribbean Islands with Medical Schools:Medical Schools:
AntiguaAntigua
ArubaAruba
BonaireBonaire
DominicaDominica
Cayman IslandsCayman Islands
CuracaoCuracao
Grand CaymanGrand Cayman
NevisNevis
SabaSaba
St. EustatiusSt. Eustatius
St. KittsSt. Kitts
St. LuciaSt. Lucia
St. MaartenSt. Maarten
St. VincentSt. Vincent
Why attend a Caribbean Why attend a Caribbean medical school?medical school?
Shortage of openings in the StatesShortage of openings in the States
Accept students with a lower GPA Accept students with a lower GPA and/or MCATand/or MCAT
Non-traditional studentsNon-traditional students
More flexible program starting datesMore flexible program starting dates
Generally less expensiveGenerally less expensive
AUC Student AUC Student Population, 2008Population, 2008::
519 students519 students
58 percent 58 percent malesmales
42 percent 42 percent femalesfemales
69 percent 69 percent AmericansAmericans
31 percent 31 percent were born were born outside of the outside of the United StatesUnited States
AUC AUC FacultyFaculty
25 full-time faculty members25 full-time faculty members
20 visiting faculty members20 visiting faculty members
12 faculty are from the United States12 faculty are from the United States
13 faculty are from outside of the 13 faculty are from outside of the United States (including: Canada, United States (including: Canada, New Zealand, Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, Ireland, Nigeria, Holland, India) Nigeria, Holland, India)
Academic ProgramAcademic Program
5 semesters of basic sciences at 5 semesters of basic sciences at AUC, with rolling enrollmentAUC, with rolling enrollment
20 months of clinical rotations in the 20 months of clinical rotations in the United States (24 hospitals in 10 United States (24 hospitals in 10 states), Ireland (1 site), or England (7 states), Ireland (1 site), or England (7 sites)sites)
Accredited by the ACCM Accredited by the ACCM (Accreditation Commission on (Accreditation Commission on Colleges of Medicine)Colleges of Medicine)
AUC LibraryAUC Library Services Services::433 sq. meters (4,660 sq. feet) quiet study area433 sq. meters (4,660 sq. feet) quiet study area
Open 7 days a week from 8 am to 11 pmOpen 7 days a week from 8 am to 11 pm
5,800 Books, DVDs, & videos5,800 Books, DVDs, & videos
Reserve textbook collectionReserve textbook collection
Access to UpToDateAccess to UpToDate
Research assistance for faculty, students, & Research assistance for faculty, students, & communitycommunity
Approximately 85 journalsApproximately 85 journals
ILL serviceILL service
6 computers w/ internet access & DVD players6 computers w/ internet access & DVD players
Wireless internet access throughout libraryWireless internet access throughout library
Literacy EducationLiteracy EducationClassroom instruction is Classroom instruction is offered in the following:offered in the following:
Critiquing general & medical Critiquing general & medical websiteswebsites– Reliability of WikipediaReliability of Wikipedia– Google search tipsGoogle search tips
Formulating the clinical questionFormulating the clinical question
Medical database search techniquesMedical database search techniques
HTTP://WWW.LIB.BERKELEY.EDU/TEACHINGLIB/GUIDES/INTERNET/HTTP://WWW.LIB.BERKELEY.EDU/TEACHINGLIB/GUIDES/INTERNET/EVALUATION_CHECKLIST_2008_SPRING.PDFEVALUATION_CHECKLIST_2008_SPRING.PDF
Evaluating Internet Evaluating Internet WebsitesWebsites::
Medical DatabasesMedical Databases
STAT!RefSTAT!Ref
PubMedPubMed
OVIDOVID
UpToDateUpToDate
MDConsultMDConsult
EBSCOEBSCO
ProquestProquest
MircomedexMircomedex
Web of Web of KnowledgeKnowledge
To help formulate clinical questions, To help formulate clinical questions, a framework called PICO has been a framework called PICO has been
developeddeveloped
PICO stands for:PICO stands for:
– P – Patient, Population, or ProblemP – Patient, Population, or Problem– I – Intervention or IndicatorI – Intervention or Indicator– C – Comparison or ControlC – Comparison or Control– O – Outcome O – Outcome
Example of a Clinical Case:Example of a Clinical Case:
Your patient is a 6 month old child, Your patient is a 6 month old child, newly diagnosed with sickle cell newly diagnosed with sickle cell disease. He is currently taking disease. He is currently taking penicillin daily as a prophylaxis against penicillin daily as a prophylaxis against pneumococcal infections. You suggest pneumococcal infections. You suggest that this might be a long term therapy that this might be a long term therapy for the child. His parents are worried for the child. His parents are worried about possible adverse side effects of about possible adverse side effects of long term use of penicillin, including long term use of penicillin, including developing a resistance to the drug.developing a resistance to the drug.
Search terms to consider:Search terms to consider:
P P sickle cell disease, childsickle cell disease, child
II prophylactic penicillinprophylactic penicillin
CCdoesn’t apply to this questiondoesn’t apply to this question
OOprevention of infectionsprevention of infections
PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy
Name___________________
1. Define your question using PICO by identifying: Problem, Intervention, ComparisonGroup, and Outcomes.
Your question should be used to help establish your search strategy.Patient/Problem________________________________Intervention___________________________________Comparison___________________________________Outcome______________________________________
Write out your question:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Type of question/problem: Circle one: Therapy/Prevention Diagnosis Etiology Prognosis
3. Type of study (Publication Type) to include in the search: Check all that apply:( )Meta-Analysis ( ) Systematic Review ( ) Randomized Controlled Trial( ) Cohort Study ( ) Case Control Study ( ) Case series or Case Report( ) Editorials, Letters, Opinions ( ) Animal Research ( ) In Vitro/Lab Research
4. List main topics and alternate terms from your PICO question that can be used for your search
List your inclusion criteria –gender, age, year of publication, language.
List irrelevant terms that you may want to exclude in your search.
P PATIENT OR PROBLEM
In a 6 mo female with GERD.
IINVESTIGATION(A CAUSE, A PROGNOSTICFACTOR, A TREATMENT,ETC.)
Will a PPI - lansoprazole
C COMPARISON(IF NECESSARY)
Compared to a H2 blocker - pepcid
OOutcomes1. Consider outcomes notonly relevant to clinicians,but to patients, payers,and healthcareadministrators2. An outcome must bemeasurable3. Don’t forget to includeAEs (Adverse Events) fortherapies.
Decreased GERD symptoms (irritabilityepisodes of emesis) and/or Incidence of Nissen fundoplication
PICO WorksheetThe 4 Elements of a Well-Built Clinical Questions
Use the PICO elements to formulate an answerable clinical question. (E.g. In a 6 month old female with GERD, is using a PPI more effective in reduction of symptoms and incidence of Nissen fundoplications than using an H2 blocker? )
UpToDate is an evidence-based clinical information UpToDate is an evidence-based clinical information databasedatabaseApproximately 3,000 clinicians serve as authorsApproximately 3,000 clinicians serve as authorsExtensive peer review to ensure information is Extensive peer review to ensure information is accurateaccurateReview of over 375 journals, and other resourcesReview of over 375 journals, and other resourcesAvailable anywhere on campus, no password requiredAvailable anywhere on campus, no password required
www.uptodate.com/onlinewww.uptodate.com/online
PubMedPubMed
PubMed provides access to bibliographic information
that includes MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE and other
medical information
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
PubMed/MedlinePubMed/Medlinevia PICO:via PICO:
http://http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/
nlm/picostudy/pico2.htmlnlm/picostudy/pico2.html