HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE INDEX 2008 Donor Accountability in Humanitarian Action.
Cargo Operations in Humanitarian Response
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Transcript of Cargo Operations in Humanitarian Response
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Cargo Operations in Humanitarian ResponseAirport Planning and DesignFinal Project
Julia Moline
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Agenda•Problem Statement•Case Study: Typhoon Haiyan in the
Philippines•Illustration of the problems•Proposed approach•Airport Selection in the Philippines•Conclusions and applications
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Problem StatementTwo major logistical challenges in large-
scale humanitarian response:
1. Extremely limited storage capacity and2. Congestion at airportsdelays in cargo
delivery.
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Case StudyTyphoon Haiyan in the Philippines
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Typhoon Haiyan• Struck the Eastern, Western,
and Central Visayas regions on November 8th
• 12.3 million affected
• 700,000 displaced
• 5,800 dead and 27,000 injured
• Tacloban City, Leyte Province (pop. 200,000) completely devastated
Source: businessinsider.com
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Impacted Areas of the Philippines
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Logistical Challenges
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IllustrationAir and storage capacity
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Air Congestion• Volume• Time on the ground (TOG)
▫ Limited parking capacity▫ Limited personnel,
equipment▫ Aircraft type a primary
determinant of TOG• Reliability
▫ High percentage of no-shows
▫ Major planning challenges
Type Tons/aircraft TOG (min) Tons/hour/space
Small 5 62 4.9
Narrow 20 116 10.4
Wide 35 179 11.7
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Storage Capacity• Physical limitations
(space)• Personnel and equipment
▫ Loading and unloading▫ Sorting▫ Tracking
• Security considerations▫ Major consideration!!!▫ Protection against
looting, other security breaches
Source: armedforces-int.com
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Proposed ApproachRegional Hubs
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Air hubOperations Selection Criteria• Shipments to remote
airport in same region▫ Relieves congestion
• Cargo shuttled between hub and destination at regular times daily▫ Increases reliability
• Scheduling strategy: maximize tons delivered rather than number of flights▫ Increases efficiency
• Slot availability• Physical capacity• Personnel and equipment• Low risk to natural
hazards• Accessibility to or
collocation with storage hub
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Cargo hubOperations Selection Criteria• Cargo stored at remote
location until needed▫ Relieves physical
requirements at destination
▫ Reduces security considerations
• Just-in-time delivery▫ Cargo delivered only if
requesting organization can store or will distribute immediately
• Large amounts of flexible storage space
• Personnel and equipment• Labeling and tracking
capabilities• Proximity and accessibility
to air hub
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Prioritization of Cargo Deliveries•By cargo type: Critically needed items shipped
first▫Benefit: Enables rapid delivery of most-needed
items▫Challenge: How are “critical items” determined?
•By entity type: Home government first, then others▫Benefit: Distributes cargo across entities; aligns
with recovery goals of home government▫Challenges: How is hierarchy determined? What
if the home government is weakened or corrupt?
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Challenges•Coordinating entity and process
ownership•Buy-in•Process control for participating entities•“Temporary” warehousing•Aircraft availability•Personnel and equipment availability
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Hub Selection in the Philippines
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Airport Manila Tacloban Cebu Clark Field Subic Bay SubangCode NAIA DZR CEB CRK SBIA SZB
Distance from
Tacloban530 mi 0 mi 100 mi 530 mi 530 mi 1,700 mi
Runway Description
2 asphalt runways, 1 2000 m and 1 3400 m
1 asphalt runway 2100 m long
1 concrete/asphalt runway, 3300 m
long
Two 3200 m parallel concrete
runways1 asphalt runway,
2700 m1 asphalt runway,
3800 m
Cargo Storage
Limited, and mostly already in
useNone
Some cargo storage, though apparently full
now
Ample—many empty hangars
Ample—formerly naval base and
FedEx hub; cargo space is
therefore available
Storage available at UN HRD Hub
Arrival/ Departure Capacity
One of the busiest airports in Asia; limited
additional capacity
Extremely congested during Haiyan response
Extremely congested during Haiyan response
Not normally used
Limited air traffic during normal
operations
Fairly busy airport during
normal operations
Parking Capacity Some parking Extremely limited
Large aircraft maintenance area
could allow for some parking
capacity
Ample Likely ampleSome parking,
but limited additional spots
Loading/ Unloading Capacity
May be some capacity at Pal
Hangar, but limited
Extremely limitedMay be some capacity, but
tight especially with high volume
Ample, particularly with staffing from US
MilitaryLikely ample
May be some capacity from ongoing cargo
operations
Current Utilization
Some normal traffic continues,
and already significant
congestion of passenger and cargo traffic
C-130’s are allowed in; significant
congestion cause massive delays
and diverts
Significant congestion due to
humanitarian flights causing
delays and diverts
Not typically operational,
currently being used by US
Military
Limited commercial
traffic, therefore likely
underutilized
Normal operations
Operators Philippines airport authority
Humanitarian community
Mactan-Cebu International
Airport Authority
US Military is using it as its hub for humanitarian
relief
Subic Bay Metropolitan
AuthorityMalaysia Airports
Holdings
Equipment Available
Some available, not much
Loading/unloading equipment
limited
Loading/unloading equipment
limited
Some provided by US Military Unknown Some available
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Hub Selection• Best Choice: Clark Field
▫ Former US Military base with ample operational and storage space
▫ Used by US Military as hub for Haiyan response
▫ Approx. 1.5 hr flight• Additional option: Subang,
Malaysia▫ Near UN emergency
warehouse▫ Used as an international
hub in 2005▫ Far from Tacloban
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Operational Diagram
Internati
onal
Entities
Storage Hub
Air Hub
DZR
CEB
Normal Cargo Flows
Emergency Cargo Flows
Information Flows
Clark Field
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Conclusions and Applications
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Applications•Further research: queuing models for
scheduling and inventory levels•DHL “Get Airports Ready for Disaster”
Program▫Add considerations for partner airports
•UN Humanitarian Response Depot Program▫Design air capacity into operational
strategy for 5 international warehouses
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Questions?