Cargo and container movement between ASEAN and India · Cargo and container movement between ASEAN...
Transcript of Cargo and container movement between ASEAN and India · Cargo and container movement between ASEAN...
Cargo and container movement between ASEAN and India
Prabir DeRIS, New Delhi
Seminar on the Development of an Integrated Transport and Logistics system in ASEAN countries
and Pacific subregion
UNESCAP, Bangkok21-23 November 2012
Outline
• Trade between ASEAN and India– Containerized cargo movement between Indian
and ASEAN ports • Cargo handled by major Indian and ASEAN
ports• Emerging liner shipping networks between
India and ASEAN• Challenges that India and ASEAN facing in
maritime connectivity
ASEAN-India trade
ASEAN is India’s major trade partner
2000 2006 2007 2011 CAGR* (%)
ASEAN 7.13 28.36 36.96 76.44 23.83
ASEAN+3 18.02 73.45 98.39 184.90 24.73
World 92.96 297.23 388.80 670.76 20.50
2000 2006 2007 2011
ASEAN 7.67 9.54 9.51 11.39
ASEAN+3 15.67 22.34 23.11 27.57
World 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
(b) Global share (%)
(a) Volume (US$ billion)
Source: DOTS, IMF
India’s trade with ASEAN and ASEAN+3
Trade growing exponentially• India’s trade with
ASEAN has been growing exponentially– 2.38 billion in 1990– 76.44 billion in 2011
• ASEAN as India’s partner – 11.74% export share and 8.73% import share
• ASEAN-India FTA in goods from 1Jan2010
• India’s trade yet to pick-up with CLMV countries
y = 1.4086e0.1783x
R2 = 0.9622
0
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1990
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$ bi
llion
India’s Trade with ASEAN
Manufactured and intermediate goods major Indian exports to ASEAN
Export (US$ bln.)
Total all products 17.899
Primary commodities, excluding fuels 4.361
All food items 2.447
Manufactured goods 9.399
Chemical products 1.904
Machinery and transport equipment 5.233
Other manufactured goods 2.261
Iron and steel 0.717
Textile fibres, yarn, fabrics and clothing 0.613
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 3.147
Source: Calculated based on UNCOMTRADE
Indian Exports to ASEAN, 2009
ASEAN and India: Export destination and import originFor ASEAN India as export destination India as import origin
1990 2000 2009 1990 2000 2009
All commodities 1.3% 1.6% 3.3% 0.9% 1.0% 2.1%
Manufactured goods 1.1% 1.3% 2.7% 0.9% 0.8% 1.7%
Machinery 0.9% 1.0% 2.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.9%
For India ASEAN as export destination
ASEAN as import origin
1990 2000 2009 1990 2000 2009All commodities 5.4% 6.5% 10.6% 6.3% 11.0% 9.1%Manufactured goods
5.3% 5.9% 9.2% 5.7% 9.9% 7.5%
Machinery 12.7% 11.6% 19.2% 6.4% 17.1% 9.9%
Source: Calculated based on UNCOMTRADE
India’s machinery exports by destinations
Industry composition of ASEAN’s total merchandise exports to India
Industry composition of ASEAN’s total merchandise imports from India
Exporter country composition of ASEAN’s machinery exports to India
Importer country composition of ASEAN’s machinery imports from India
Major machinery goods imported by ASEAN countries from India in 2009
CountryHS codes in the HS
1992 classCommodity description Type
Value (million US$
constant 2005)
Share of the country’s
machinery imports from
IndiaSingapore No.
8525.20Transmit-receive apparatus, including mobile phones
Products 163 21%
No. 8704.23
Diesel powered trucks weighing > 20t Products 77 10%
Indonesia No. 8525.20
Transmit-receive apparatus, including mobile phones
Products 379 57%
No. 8704.10
Dump trucks designed for off-highway use
Products 72 11%
Thailand No. 8525.20
Transmit-receive apparatus, including mobile phones
Products 125 32%
No. 8708.40
Transmissions for motor vehicles Parts 58 15%
Malaysia No. 8525.20
Transmit-receive apparatus, including mobile phones
Products 30 11%
Viet Nam No. 8525.20
Transmit-receive apparatus, including mobile phones
Products 101 42%
No. 8901.90
Cargo vessels other than tanker or refrigerated
Products 75 31%
Source: Calculated based on UNCOMTRADE
How much trade between ASEAN and India generating container cargo?
Korea
India JapanChina
Indonesia
Malaysia Thailand
Vietnam
Philippines
Singapore
0.65
1.82 0.13
0.22
0.020.31
0.36
0.61
0.20
0.30 0.
11
0.29 0.18 0.
08
0.240.05
0.030.08
Data in million TEUs
*Calculated based on UNCOMTRADE
Year: 2011
*
*
India’s containerised trade with ASEAN+3 countries
(million TEUs
6.935.64Total0.300.29Vietnam0.480.40Thailand0.330.25Singapore0.060.07Philippines0.510.50Malaysia0.460.33Korea0.760.35Japan0.580.97Indonesia3.462.47China
2010-112009-10Partner
Source: Calculated based on UNCOMTRADE
Indian import of coal and iron ore from ASEAN, 2010-11
Total Import (MT)
Highest share (%)
Highest share (MT)
IRON ORE/ PELLETS
Highest share (%)
Highest share (MT)
Total Import (MT)
COAL (COKING)
100.000.05 (PPT)0.05THAILAND
100.000.049 (PPT)0.05PHILLIPINES
100.000.031 (TPT)0.03THAILAND52.38
6.35 (MbPT)12.12INDONESIA
100.000.043 (HDC)0.04SINGAPORECOAL (THERMAL)
100.000.011 (HDC)0.01JAPAN100.00
0.087 (PPT)0.09VIETNAM
56.790.209 (TPT)0.37INDONESIA100.00
0.16 (MoPT)0.16SINGAPORE
94.740.036 (KDS)0.04CHINA100.00
0.009 (VPT)0.01MALAYSIA
38.621.322 (TPT)3.42OTHER ORE100.00
0.014 (PPT)0.01JAPAN
100.000.055
(MoPT)0.06PHILLIPINES85.371.622
(NMPT)1.90INDONESIA
100.000.036 (VPT)0.04CHINA70.91
0.156 (ChPT)0.22CHINA
Indian import of POL, fertilizer, edible oil and iron & steel from ASEAN, 2010-11
Total Import
85.140.063 (KPT)0.07SINGAPORE
100.000.008
(JNPT)0.01KOREA63.640.014 (ChPT)0.02MALAYSIA
44.830.013
(JNPT)0.03SINGAPORE74.790.27 (MbPT)0.36KOREA
35.650.123
(ChPT)0.35MALAYSIA61.300.358 (KPT)0.58JAPAN
27.290.628
(HDC)2.30INDONESIA88.460.023 (HDC)0.03INDONESIA
EDIBLE OIL72.681.253 (MbPT)1.72CHINA
70.560.127 (PPT)0.18MALAYSIAIRON & STEEL
59.870.094 (PPT)0.16JAPAN22.690.777 (PPT)3.42SINGAPORE
82.610.019 (PPT)0.02INDONESIA54.170.143 (HDC)0.26MALAYSIA
FRM-LIQUID44.090.041 (JNPT)0.09KOREA
72.220.026 (KPT)0.04CHINA54.170.039 (VPT)0.07JAPAN
FRM-DRY49.230.064 (ChPT)0.13INDONESIA
100.000.033 (VPT)0.03PHILLIPINES100.000.017 (HDC)0.02CHINA
100.000.014 (VPT)0.01MALAYSIAPOL- PRODUCTS
70.000.091 (VPT)0.13INDONESIA100.000.253 (PPT)0.25SINGAPORE
57.041.243 (VPT)2.18CHINA44.170.762 (VPT)1.73MALAYSIA
Highest shareFERTILIZERHighest shareTotal importPOL-CRUDE
Indian export of bulk cargo to ASEAN, 2010-11
Total export (MT)
43.670.07 (TPT)0.16MALAYSIA
100.000.08 (ChPT00.08SINGAPORE
64.520.06 (PPT)0.09JAPAN
100.000.05 (MoPT)0.05SINGAPORE100.000.02 (KPT)0.02INDONESIA
100.000.02 (VPT)0.02PHILLIPINES83.450.37 (PPT)0.45CHINA
100.000.42 (VPT)0.42KOREAOTHER ORES
100.001.94 (VPT)1.94JAPAN100.000.01 (ChPT)0.01INDONESIA
53.7037.07 (MoPT)69.04CHINAFOOD GRAIN
100.000.05 (NMPT)0.05AUSTRALIA47.043.41 (KPT)7.25SINGAPORE
IRON ORE85.051.09 (NMPT)1.28MALAYSIA
100.000.07 (VPT)0.07SINGAPORE68.660.29 (ChPT)0.42KOREA
100.000.01 (VPT)0.01MALAYSIA30.130.30 (KPT)0.99JAPAN
100.000.01 (VPT)0.01INDONESIA46.410.07 (KPT)0.15INDONESIA
88.890.01 (KDS)0.01CHINA46.020.21 (VPT)0.45CHINA
Highest share (%)
Highest share (MT)IRON & STEEL
Highest share (%)
Highest share (MT)
Total export (MT)POL-PRODUCT
Cargo profile of major ASEAN and Indian ports
Cargo handled by major Indian ports
**CAGR refers the period 2005/06 – 2011/12. *Estimated
Major Port 2005-06 2005-06 2011-12 2011-12 2012-13 2012-13* CAGR**
Volume Share Volume Share Volume Share (%)
Kolkata 10.80 2.55 12.23 2.18 14.10 (13) 2.35 2.09
Haldia 42.33 9.99 31.01 5.54 36.00 (9) 5.99 -5.05
Paradip 33.11 7.82 54.25 9.68 63.00 (6) 10.48 8.58
Vizag 55.80 13.17 67.42 12.04 70.00 (2) 11.65 3.20
Ennore 9.17 2.16 14.96 2.67 14.50 (12) 2.41 8.50
Chennai 47.25 11.16 55.71 9.95 57.00 (5) 9.48 2.78
Tuticorin 17.14 4.05 28.11 5.02 30.00 (10) 4.99 8.59
Cochin 13.89 3.28 20.09 3.59 23.50 (11) 3.91 6.34
New Mangalore 34.45 8.13 32.94 5.88 36.00 (8) 5.99 -0.74
Mormugao 31.69 7.48 39.00 6.96 44.00 (7) 7.32 3.52
Mumbai 44.19 10.43 56.18 10.03 61.00 (4) 10.15 4.08
Jawaharlal Nehru 37.83 8.93 65.75 11.74 63.00 (3) 10.48 9.65
Kandla 45.91 10.84 82.50 14.73 89.00 (1) 14.81 10.26
Total 423.56 100.00 560.15 100.00 601.10 100.00 4.77
(Volume in million tonne and share in %)
Source: Ministry of Shipping, Government of India ***Data in parentheses are ranks
Cargo composition (2011) – Indian east coast portsKolkata Haldia Paradip Vizag Ennore Chennai Tuticorin
POL 0.72 9.34 11.65 18.29 0.40 13.43 0.51
Iron ore 0.81 7.68 16.16 18.11 0.94 7.88 0.04
Fertilizer (finished) 0.00 0.18 0.08 2.91 0.00 0.36 1.22
Fertilizer (raw materials) 0.05 0.12 3.49 0.78 0.00 0.23 0.87
Thermal coal 0.00 1.49 14.82 3.71 9.28 1.84 5.81
Coking coal 0.02 6.04 5.00 7.41 0.00 1.53 0.00
Containerized 6.65 2.01 0.04 1.68 0.00 23.48 6.60
Other 4.80 6.40 5.77 12.62 0.09 12.32 8.73
Total 13.05 33.25 57.01 65.50 10.70 61.06 23.79
(Million tonnes)
Cargo composition (2011) - Indian west coast ports
Cochin New Mangalore Mormugao MumbaiJawaharlal
Nehru Kandla
POL 11.96 21.34 0.96 34.60 5.08 47.21
Iron ore 0.00 7.06 40.57 0.00 0.00 0.66
Fertilizer (finished) 0.14 0.82 0.13 0.20 0.00 4.91Fertilizer (raw materials) 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.79
Thermal coal 0.15 0.00 0.96 3.75 0.00 2.30
Coking coal 0.00 2.79 3.78 0.00 0.00 0.93
Containerized 3.93 0.48 0.19 0.61 53.08 2.42
Other 1.04 3.03 2.25 15.15 2.59 20.30
Total 17.43 35.53 48.85 54.54 60.75 79.52
(Million tonnes)
Container cargo handled by major Indian ports
2000-01 2005-06 2011-12
CAGR (%)(2000/01 –2011/12)
Kolkata 0.14 0.20 0.47 11.68Haldia 0.05 0.11 0.14 9.69Paradip 0.00 0.00 0.00 114.84Vizag 0.02 0.05 0.12 17.69Chennai 0.35 0.74 1.39 13.28Tuticorin 0.16 0.32 0.45 9.93Cochin 0.14 0.20 0.33 8.02New Mangalore 0.00 0.01 0.03 29.38
Mormugao 0.00 0.01 0.02 14.65Mumbai 0.32 0.16 0.06 -14.41
Jawaharlal Nehru 1.19 2.67 4.87 13.67Kandla 0.09 0.15 0.15 4.61
(Million TEUs)
Container cargo handled by ASEAN countries and India
Share in worldVolume
Share in worldVolume
Share in worldVolume
9.751.854.981.372.451.14India5.981.142.540.701.190.56Viet Nam6.651.265.121.413.181.48Thailand29.185.5523.196.3817.107.98Singapore4.950.943.631.003.031.41Philippines0.170.030.000.00Myanmar18.253.4712.203.364.642.17Malaysia
0.000.000.00Lao PDR8.371.595.501.513.801.77Indonesia0.220.040.000.00Cambodia0.090.020.000.00Brunei
201020102005200520002000Country
(Volume in million TEU, share in %)
Container cargo handled by major ASEAN ports
61.50Total
3.00VietnamSaigon1.20VietnamHai Pong5.70ThailandLaem Chabang
29.90SingaporeSingapore3.50PhilippinesManila7.50MalaysiaTanjung Pelepas9.50MalaysiaKlang1.20MalaysiaPenang5.70IndonesiaTanjung Priok
Container Handled in 2011(million TEUs)CountryPort
Capacity utilization of selected container ports
5410.55.7ThailandLaem Chabang
975.95.7IndonesiaTanjung Priok
898.47.5MalaysiaTanjung Pelepas
1198.09.5MalaysiaKlang
10029.929.9SingaporeSingapore
Utilization rate (%)
Current capacity (Million TEUs)
Current traffic
(Million TEUs)CountryPort
Future container capacity addition in ASEAN ports
201711.010.5ThailandLaem Chabang
201518.05.9IndonesiaTanjung Priok
201310.08.4MalaysiaTanjung Pelepas
201310.08.0MalaysiaKlang
201855.029.9SingaporeSingapore
YearFuture capacity (Million TEUs)
Current capacity (million TEUs)CountryPort
New container terminal projects in India
57.6670004th Container Terminal9.66000
Development of standalone container handling facility with a quay length of 330 m North of NSICT Terminal
Jawaharlal Nehru
4831250Creation of Mega Container
TerminalChennai
63122.3Conversion of berth no. – 8 as
Container TerminalTuticorin
1514070Development of Container
TerminalEnnore
4.242758.2Development of Container
TerminalNew Mangalore
(INR Million)
Capacity (MTPA)Estimated CostProjectPort
Future traffic in India
2494.952019.31911.69Total
1210.13987.81351.56Non-major ports
1214.821031.50560.13Major ports
2019-202016-172011-12*Port
Source: Maritime Agenda: 2010-2020, Government of India
(million tonnes)
*Actual
Performance varies in international shipping - liner connectivity index
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Brunei Darussalam 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.9 5.1 4.7Cambodia 3.9 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.5 4.7 4.5 5.4China 100.0 108.3 113.1 127.8 137.4 132.5 143.6 152.1Hong Kong SAR, China 94.4 96.8 99.3 106.2 108.8 104.5 113.6 115.3Indonesia 25.9 28.8 25.8 26.3 24.8 25.7 25.6 25.9Japan 69.1 66.7 64.5 62.7 66.6 66.3 67.4 67.8Korea, Rep. 68.7 73.0 71.9 77.2 76.4 86.7 82.6 92.0Lao PDRMalaysia 62.8 65.0 69.2 81.6 77.6 81.2 88.1 91.0Myanmar 3.1 2.5 2.5 3.1 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.2Philippines 15.4 15.9 16.5 18.4 30.3 15.9 15.2 18.6Singapore 81.9 83.9 86.1 87.5 94.5 99.5 103.8 105.0Thailand 31.0 31.9 33.9 35.3 36.5 36.8 43.8 36.7Vietnam 12.9 14.3 15.1 17.6 18.7 26.4 31.4 49.7India 34.1 36.9 42.9 40.5 42.2 41.0 41.4 41.5Sri Lanka 34.7 33.4 37.3 42.4 46.1 34.7 40.2 41.1
Source: UNCTAD
Quality of port infrastructure below average
4.94.94.84.54.1Sri Lanka3.93.93.53.33.5India3.43.63.32.82.8Vietnam4.75.04.74.44.7Thailand6.86.86.86.86.8Singapore3.02.83.03.22.8Philippines
Myanmar5.75.65.55.75.7Malaysia
Lao PDR5.55.55.15.25.5Korea, Rep.5.25.25.25.25.5Japan3.63.63.43.02.7Indonesia6.66.86.86.66.5Hong Kong SAR, China4.54.34.34.34.0China4.03.93.53.43.4Cambodia4.44.54.85.0Brunei Darussalam
20112010200920082007
Note: WEF (1=extremely underdeveloped to 7=well developed and efficient by international standards)
Performance of ports (average turn round time for container)
April - September 2012 April - September 2011Kolkata 4.23 4.27Haldia 2.38 2.69Paradip 3.04 3.58Vizag 1.76 1.76EnnoreChennai 2.07 2.55Tuticorin 1.75 1.86Cochin 0.75 1.24New Mangalore 1.66 1.43Mormugao 1.43 2.19Mumbai 1.56 4.64Jawaharlal Nehru* 4.69 3.99Kandla 2.09 3.65India average 2.28 2.82
*Refers to JNPCT only. For NSICT and GTIPL, turn around time are1.60 and 1.27 days respectively for the period April – September 2012. The same for April – September 2011 are 2.03 and 8.61 days, respectively.
(Days)
Source: Indian Ports Association, New Delhi
Liner networks between India and ASEAN
Direct call, container trade
19 days
21 days
25 days28 days
*MAERSK routes
Feeder ports
Kolkata/Haldia
Singapore
Mumbai
Chennai
JawaharlalNehru Cochin
Mundra
Port Klang
*APL routes
ASEAN-India maritime connectivity projects
Important regional maritime connectivity projects
• Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project
• Mekong – India Economic Corridor
•SittweCh. 0.0 km
•PaletwaCh. 158 Km
•Kaletwa(Ch 225 km
•Myeikwa(IM Border)
•Kyauktaw
•Bay of Bengal
Kolkata Sittwe 539 km
Sittwe Paletwa 158 km
Paletwa Kaletwa 67 km
Kaletwa Myeikwa (IM Border) 62 km
Myeikwa (IM Border) Lawngtlai 100 km
Lawngtlai Aizawl 334 km
•Aizawl
•Lawngtlai
•NH
54
•B A N G L A D E S H•I N D I A
•Myanmar
•I N D I A•Kaladan
R.
Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport System
I W T
•RO
AD
IN IN
DIA
RO
AD
IN
M
YA
NM
AR
DISTANCES
KMTTS - Project details
• Piloted and funded by MEA .
• Based on DPR prepared by RITES in 2003.
• Project area entirely in Myanmar.
• Transport infrastructure components planned originally
– Port/IWT development between Sittwe and Kaletwa along Kaladan river
– Road form Kaletwa to Indo-Myanmar border(Mizoram)
KMTTS - Project components
• Fairway development/ Sea-dredging in Sittwe port area
• Construction of Port/IWT terminals at Sittwe
• Fairway development/Dredging on Sittwe - Paletwa stretch of Kaladan river (158 Km)
• Construction of IWT Terminal at Paletwa
• Construction of 6 IWT vessels (300 ton each)
• Highway (129 kms) from Paletwa to Indo-Myanmar Border.
KMTTS - Routes
Stretch Mode Distance(in km)
Kolkata- Sittwe Sea route 539
Sittwe- Paletwa* IWT (Kaladan) 158
Paletwa-Kaletwa-Indo Myanmar border*
Road 129
Total 826
* Post DPR review
Mekong – India Economic Corridor• MIEC involves integrating the four
Mekong countries (Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam) with India.
• It connects Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) with Dawei (Myanmar) via Bangkok (Thailand) and Phnom Penh (Cambodia) and further linking to Chennai in India.
• It is expected to augment trade with India by reducing travel distance between India and MIEC countries and removing supply side bottlenecks.
• Approx. investment US$ 88 billion.
Mumbai
Bangalore
Dawei Bangkok
Phnom Penn
Ho Chi Min City
Sea Route
Proposed Chennai- Bangalore-Mumbai Corridor on NH-4
Southern DFC is in the similar alignment of the existing rail network Mekong India Corridor
covering four countries
Delhi
Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor on NH-8 along the alignment of West Dedicated Freight Corridor
Automobile Cluster
Textile/ Garment Cluster
IT/ ITES Cluster
Chennai- Ennore
MIEC - Layout
Development of container terminal at Ennore, present status
Present Status
The concession Agreement was signed on 13.08.2010 with Bay of Bengal Gateway Terminal Pvt Ltd.Letter of Award issued to Scott Wilson India Pvt Ltd on 18.10.2010 for providing Independent Engineering Services for the project.The Concessionaire has taken up various pre-project activities such as finalization of design, drawing, DPR etc.
18 MT (1.5 Million TEUs)Estimated Capacity Addition
140.70Estimated Cost (INR billion)
Development of Container Terminal (Phase-I, 1000 M in length)
Name of the Scheme
Some challenges• Inadequate port capacity – both ASEAN and India• Rise in container traffic between India and ASEAN, but
limited direct call• No operation of short sea shipping between ASEAN and
India• Rising congestion in Indian and Chinese ports an Asia-
wide problem • Performance of ports need to be continuously monitored
and improved• Lack in common rules for standards and conformity
assessment• Shortfall of trained human resources handling ports and
shipping services
Thank you