Careers in Pharmacology and Toxicology Kurt W. Carlson, Ph.D. [email protected].
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Transcript of Careers in Pharmacology and Toxicology Kurt W. Carlson, Ph.D. [email protected].
Career Areas
Academia
Professional
Government
Industry
Academia
Basic Research (M.D. or Ph.D.) Grad Student/Post-Doc/PI Research Associate (Bachelor/Master)
Clinical Research (M.D./Ph.D./Pharm.D.) Investigator Sponsored Clinical Trials Liaison with Industry/Government
Professional
M.D.
Pharm.D.
Government
FDA NIH EPA DoD USPTO
FDA
Regulates: Food Drugs Biologics Medical Devices
Drugs
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research CDER ensures safe and effective
drugs are available to improve patient and consumer health
Small molecule oriented/pharmaceutical industry focus
CDER
Employs: Biologists Chemists (Medicinal/Pharmaceutical) Physicians Pharmacologists Toxicologists
CDER Pharmacologists
Non-Laboratory Responsibilities: Review/evaluate pharmacological and
toxicological data in NDAs and INDs Submit recommendations for
approval
CDER Pharmacologists
Laboratory Research Includes: The absorption and metabolism of
chemicals The disposition of xenobiotics in
normal and diseased animals The effects of drugs and toxins from
the molecular level to the total body response
Location/Salaries
Employment only in Washington D.C.
Starting Salaries (basic pay): $36,050 (Bachelor level) $43,621 (Master level) $86,417 (Doctorate level)
Biologics
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research CBER has the same mission as CDER
but evaluates vaccines, gene therapy, recombinant protein, monoclonal antibody products
Biologics oriented/biotechnology industry focus
CBER Similar employment areas as CDER but
more focused on the biological sciences: MCB Microbiology Physiology Pharmacology Toxicology Interdisciplinary Scientist
(salary range: $70,519 - $91,672)
NIH Non-regulatory – “the Steward of Medical
and Behavioral Research for the Nation” More Basic Science and Clinical Research
(27 research centers) Well funded
For FY 04 received $23.5 billion Lots of jobs 18,000 employees in Bethesda, MD and
around the world
EPA Leads the Nation's environmental
science, research, education and assessment efforts
Employs 18,000 Pharmacologists and Toxicologists General biologists and physiologists Environmental Health Scientists
Manages 17 labs FY 04 budget of $7.6 billion
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Promotes health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability
Employs 8,500 worldwide $6.5 billion FY04 budget Salaries are equivalent to FDA, NIH, EPA
170 public health disciplines represented Epidemiology, toxicology, microbiology, virology
DoD
Military and civilian positions Civilian pay comparable to FDA,
NIH, EPA Military pay is lower, but 40% is
not taxed Employs all fields of life sciences Worldwide and well funded
DoD (cont.) World-class medical research facilities
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
National Naval Medical Center Uniformed Services University of the Health
Sciences U.S. Army’s Walter Reed Medical Center
Countering bioterrorism is a major focus but all disease areas are investigated
USPTO
Patent Examiner Requires a Bachelor degree or higher Examines patents for patentability
and grants them if meets statutory criteria
Novelty Nonobviousness Utility
USPTO (cont.)
Two-week intense course in patent law
Starting Salary from $45,000 (Bachelor degree) to $75,000 (Ph.D.)
Valuable experience for later private sector employment
Industry Pharmaceutical (Ten largest
companies*) Employs 750,000 worldwide $183.5 billion in revenue Ten leading products generated $44.7
billion $34.4 billion in R&D spending Concentrated in the Northeast and Midwest
* 2002 Figures
Industry Biotechnology (Ten largest
companies*) Employs 38,200 $15.8 billion in revenue $3.7 billion in R&D spending Concentrated in SF, Boston, San Diego,
D.C., RTP, (some in NY, Michigan, and Seattle)
* 2002 Figures
Pharmaceutical/Biotech Careers
Scientist Research Associate Regulatory Affairs Clinical Affairs Business Development Venture Capital Legal
Scientist All types of life scientists and chemists Generally requires a Ph.D.
Exception: Programs where there is a research associate to scientist career track (e.g., Genentech)
More jobs in the pharmaceutical industry than in biotech
Starting Salary: $70,000. Biotech pays less/Bay Area pays more
Research Associate
All types of life scientists and chemists
Requires a Bachelor degree Master degree is helpful later in career
More jobs in pharmaceutical than in biotech
Starting Salary: $45,000 Biotech pays less/Bay Area pays more
Regulatory Affairs Generally Non-entry Level but Lateral
Move from Scientist or Research Associate
Focuses on submissions to FDA IND, Clinical Trials, NDA, BLA, AE reporting
Works with Clinical Affairs and Manufacturing Staff
High Demand and Salaries Reflect this: $55,000 to $275,000+ (VP level)
Clinical Affairs Clinical Research Associate
A lateral move from Research Associate (unless have a BSN)
Higher level jobs are filled by M.D.s Another High Demand Area with
salaries starting at $55,000 and increasing to $300,000+ for VP position (M.D.)
Business Development Generally Lateral Move from
Scientist VP positions Ph.D., some with MBA Directors and Managers can have
Bachelor/Master degrees + MBA Not a high demand field but a
critical one so well compensated Starting salary $80,000 to $100,000 VP level $275,000+
Venture Capital Work in Industry for a few years Get an MBA – Learn Finance! Biotech analyst
Advise private capital firms on investment decisions
Burrill & Co. (Life Sciences Merchant Bank in SF), many venture capital firms in SF, Peninsula
Starting salary: $60,000 to $120,000+
Legal Patent Agent
Take Patent Bar Exam All you need is your MCB or IB degree Home study sufficient to pass
Registered Patent Agent Write biotech patent applications Argue patentability with Patent Examiner Work in licensing patent applications Starting salary $80,000
Legal (cont.)
Patent Attorney Why Go to Law School?
Essentially same work as patent agent but can also litigate in court
Starting salary $125,000+ in law firms Less in industry ($115,000)
Partners in law firms make $400,000+ VP of IP in industry makes $275,000+
(Ph.D./J.D.)
Summary and Conclusion Bay Area is World Capital of Biotech
Largest concentration of biotech AND venture capital firms that fund biotech
Jobs are most plentiful in science and Regulatory Affairs. Other in-demand jobs are Quality Control, Quality Assurance, and Manufacturing
The business side, BD, VC, and Legal are very lucrative and rewarding career areas
Networking is Vital