Cardiovascular System

My Achin Heart

I. Functions

• A. Circulate important materials– 1. oxygen– 2. wastes– 3. endocrine hormones– 4. glucose

• B. Help regulate body temperature

• C. Help control pH• D. Combat pathogens

II. Terminology

• A. Artery• B. Vein• C. Atrium• D. Ventricle• E. Pulmonary circuit• F. Systemic circuit• G. Heart membranes

III. Gross Anatomy of Heart

• A. SVC & IVC• B. Right atrium• C. Tricuspid valve• D. Right ventricle• E. Pulmonary artery• F. Pulmonary veins• G. Left atrium• H. Bicuspid valve• I. Left ventricle• J. Aortic arch

Labeled diagram of the heart

IV. Valves and one-way flow • A. Atrioventricular valves

– 1. chordae tendonae– 2. bicuspid– 3. tricuspid

• B. Semilunar valves– 1. Pulmonary semilunar– 2. aortic semilunar

C. Valve problems

• 1. rheumatic fever-untreated strep infection-immune system attacts heart valve-becomes stiff and does not meet in the middle

2. Prolapsed valve

• a. Normal valve• b. Mitral valve

normal culprit

3. Valve stenosis

• a. Calcification• b. regurgitation

VI. Coronary Circulation

• A. Heart muscle nutrition

• B. Coronary atreries

• C. Coronary veins

D. Coronary artery disease• 1. Atherosclerosis

• 2. Stents

• 3. Bypass surgery

• 4. Infarct

VII. Excitation-Contraction Coupling

• A. Intrinsic conduction system of the heart. – 1. SA Node– 2. AV Node– 3. Bundle of His– 4. Bundle branch– 5. Purkinje fibers

B. Cardiac cycle• 1. systole• 2. diastole

C. Heart Sounds

1. Door opening vs closing

2. Lub3. Dup4. Heart murmurs

D. ECG Tracing

• 1. P wave

• 2. QRS complex

• 3. T wave

• 4. Abnormalities

VIII. Cardiac output

• A. Cardiac output = stroke volume X heart rate

• B. Stroke volume– 1. 60%– 2. Starling’s law of the heart– 3. venous return

C. Heart Rate1. ANS control2. Hormonal control