Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Disease

Colleen RichMarch 6th, 2012

What is Cardiovascular Disease?

• A general term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system.

- generally characterized by the deposition of fatty material in the blood vessels (hardening of the arteries), which in turn can lead to organ damage and death- also termed coronary heart disease (CHD), as the vessels of the heart are the primary sites of the disease

Types of Cardiovascular Disease

• Cardiovascular disease includes a number of conditions affecting the structures or function of the heart

- Coronary Artery Disease- Heart Attack- Arrhythmia- Atrial Fibrillation- Heart Valve Disease- Heart Failure- ETC

What is Coronary Artery Disease?

• CAD is atherosclerosis, or hardening, of the arteries that provide vital oxygen and nutrients to the heart.

- The arteries, which start out smooth and elastic, become narrow and rigid, restricting blood flow to the heart

-heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to pump properly

Pathology• Pathology of Coronary Artery Disease: -Heart disease can start in adolescence

- LDL are taken up by scavenger cells-As plaque grows, the process of atherosclerosis evolves over decades

• Risk Factors:- High cholesterol- Smoking- Hypertension- Diabetes

Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease

• Most common symptoms: angina or chest pain

• Other symptoms:- Shortness of breath , palpitations, faster

heart beat, weakness or dizziness, nausea, sweating

Background on Cardiovascular Disease

• The leading cause of death in the United States for men and women

• ~ 500,000 people die annually from coronary heart disease• Caused by the interaction of both genes and environment• Parents or other close relatives had heart disease, you are at a

higher risk• African Americans, Mexican Americans, American Indians,

Hawaiians, and some Asian Americans also have a higher risk for heart problems

Background on Cardiovascular Disease

- Risk of heart disease increases with age.- Men have a higher risk of getting heart disease than women who are still getting their menstrual period. After menopause, the risk for women is closer to the risk for men- Kills twice as many women as cancer- 60% more people die from coronary heart disease than cancer- Considered one of the most preventable diseases

Treatment• Health Lifestyle:

- Quit Smoking- Switch to low-fat diet- Increase exercise

• Surgery:- Coronary angioplasty and stents, Magnetic-assisted

intervention, Coronary artery bypass surgery, Minimally invasive heart surgery• Medication may be prescribed by doctors:

- Aspirin, Nitroglycerin, Beta-blockers, Cholesterol-lowering medications, ACE inhibitors, Calcium channel blockers, Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins, etc.

Low-Fat Diet

• Saturated fat Less than 7 percent of your total daily calories

• Trans fat Less than 1 percent of your total daily calories

• Cholesterol Less than 300 milligrams a day for healthy adults; less than 200 milligrams a day for adults with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad," cholesterol or those who are taking cholesterol-lowering medication

Day 1Breakfast

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 1Snack

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 1Lunch

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 1Dinner

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Wheat bread (1 pce)

0.2g0mg65kcal

Peanut Butter Energy Bar(1 each)

0.5g0mg230kcal

Grilled ChickenBreast(2 pce)

0g90mg200kcal

Stir Fried Beans(1 cup)

0.1g0mg44kcal

Peanut Butter -Reduced Fat(2 Tbs.)

2.0g0mg162kcal

Country Time Lemonade(2 cup)

0g0mg180kcal

Brown Rice(1 cup)

0.4g0mg218kcal

Sushi Krab Roll (6 pce)

0g3.0mg112kcal

Apple(1 each)

0.1g0mg110kcal

Tangerine(2 pce)

0g0mg104kcal

Non-fat Milk(1 cup)

0.7g4.0mg144kcal

Non-fat Milk(1 cup)

0.7g4.0mg144kcal

Non-fat Milk(1 cup)

0.7g4.0mg144kcal

TOTAL: 3.0g4.0mg481kcal

0.5g0mg410kcal

1.1g94mg666kcal

0.8g7.0mg300kcal

Day 1 Total

• Based on an 1,800 calorie diet• Calculations

- 5.4g = 43.2kcal- 43.2kcal/1857kcal = 0.023- 0.023 X 10 = 0.23% Saturated Fat of total daily calories-105mg of Cholesterol

Lunch Meal PlanDay 2Breakfast

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 2Snack

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 2Lunch

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 2Dinner

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Cereal Chex:Rice(1.25 cup)

0.1g0mg117kcal

Vanilla Energy Bar(1 each)

0.5g0mg230kcal

Fish Fillet(6 oz.)

2.0g44mg152kcal

Fat Free Refried Beans (1 cup)

0g0mg220kcal

Banana(1 each)

0.1g0mg105kcal

Orange Juice (1 cup)

0.1g0mg248kcal

Green Salad(1 cup)

1.2g0mg140kcal

Corn Tortillia(2 6”pce)

0.2g0mg114kcal

Non-fat Milk(1 cup)

0.7g4.0mg144kcal

Non-fat Italian Drs.(2 Tbs.)

0g0mg35kcal

Chunky Salsa(6 Tbs.)

0g0mg60kcal

Non-fat Milk(1 cup)

0.7g4.0mg144kcal

Non-fat Milk(1 cup)

7g4.0mg144kcal

TOTAL: 0.9g4.0mg366kcal

0.6g0mg478kcal

3.9g44mg471kcal

7.2g4mg538kcal

Day 2 Total

• Based on an 1,800 calorie diet• Calculations• - 12.6g = 100.8kcal• - 100.8kcal/1853kcal = 0.054• - 0.054 X 10 = 0.54% Saturated Fat of

total daily calories• -52mg of Cholesterol

4.0mg144kcal

Fish fillet 6oz 2g, 44mg

Day 3Breakfast

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 3Snack

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 3Lunch

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Day 3Dinner

Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)

Oatmeal(.75 cup)

0.3g0mg97kcal

Dry Roasted Almond(22 each)

1.1g0mg169kcal

Wheat BreadRst. Beef(2 pce each)

.9g25mg180kcal

Light Meat Roasted Turkey (6 oz.)

0.9g59mg264kcal

Non-fatYogurt(8 oz.)

0.2g4mg207kcal

Country Time Lemonade(2 cup)

0g0mg180kcal

Fat Free Cheddar (2pce) Deli Mustard (100g)

0.3g6mg193kcal

Brown Rice(1 cup)

0.4g0mg218kcal

Reg. Inst. Coffee (1 cup)

0g0mg5kcal

Apple(1 each)

0.1g0mg110kcal

Stir Fried Peas(1 cup)

0.1g0mg69kcal

Non-fat Milk(1 cup)

0.7g4.0mg144kcal

Non-fat Milk(1 cup)

0.7g4.0mg144kcal

TOTAL: 0.5g4mg102kcal

1.1g0mg349kcal

2.0g35mg627kcal

2.1g63mg695kcal

Day 3 Total

• Based on an 1,800 calorie diet• Calculations• - 5.7g = 45.6kcal• - 45.6kcal/1773kcal = 0.026• - 0.026 X 10 = 0.26% Saturated Fat of

total daily calories• -102mg of Cholesterol

Questions 1

• The most common symptoms of coronary artery disease are angina and ______.

ANSWER:

• CHEST PAIN

Question 2

• Are men or women more susceptible to cardiovascular disease?

ANSWER:

• Men at a 2:1 ratio to women

Question 3

• Is coronary heart disease:- genetic- environmental- the interaction of both

ANSWER:

• The interaction of both

Resources• http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseas

emanagement/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/#s0020

• Food Composition Table; McGraw-Hill 2009• http://www.mayoclinic.org/coronary-artery-disease/

treatment.html• http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-healthy-diet/

NU00196• http://

www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-coronary-artery-disease?page=2

• Wardlaw, Gordon M., and Anne M. Smith. Contemporary Nutrition. 8th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print.