Cardiomyopathy (Mary)

7/27/2019 Cardiomyopathy (Mary)

1/47

1

INTRODUCTION

Myocardial (heart muscle) dysfunction occurs very commonly, usually due to other

diseases such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and diseases of the heart valves.

Disease originating in the heart muscle itself (cardiomyopathy) is much rarer.

Unfortunately, by the time it is diagnosed, the disease often has reached an advanced

stage and heart failure has occurred. Consequently, about 50 percent of patients with dilated

cardiomyopathy live 5 years once heart failure is diagnosed; about 25 percent live 10 years after

such a diagnosis. Typically, patients die from a continued decline in heart muscle strength, but

some die suddenly of irregular heartbeats.

For patients with advanced disease, heart transplantation greatly improves survival: 75

percent of patients live 5 years after a transplantation. However, the disease also may remain

fairly stable for years, especially with treatment and regular evaluation by a physician.

Cardiomyopathy is a result of pre-existing medical condition and can lead to a more

serious heart disease. There are 79, 320 cases of death cause cardiomyopathy in the whole

world. The following Table1.1 is showing the mortality rate based from (WHO) World Health

Organization Statistics Information Systems compiled January, 2004 .

Table 1.1 Mortality Statistics
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/artic/nhlbi_cardiomyopathy_nhlbi.htm#Hearthttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/artic/nhlbi_cardiomyopathy_nhlbi.htm#Heart


2/47

2

WORLDWIDE MORBILITY CASES OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

The following Table 1.2 attempts to show morbidity extrapolate prevalence rate for

Dilated cardiomyopathy to the populations of various countries and regions. These prevalence

extrapolations for Dilated cardiomyopathy are only estimates, based on applying the prevalence

rates from the US (or a similar country) to the population of other countries, and therefore may

have very limited relevance to the actual prevalence of Dilated cardiomyopathy in any region:

Country/Region Extrapolated Prevalence Population Estimated Used

Dilated cardiomyopathy inNorth America(Extrapolated Statistics)

USA 587,310 293,655,4051

Canada 65,015 32,507,8742

Mexico 209,919 104,959,5942

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Central America (Extrapolated Statistics)

Belize 545 272,9452

Guatemala 28,561 14,280,5962

Nicaragua 10,719 5,359,7592

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Caribbean (Extrapolated Statistics)

Puerto Rico 7,795 3,897,9602

Dilated cardiomyopathy inSouth America(Extrapolated Statistics)

Brazil 368,202 184,101,1092

Chile 31,647 15,823,9572

Colombia 84,621 2,310,7752

Paraguay 12,382 6,191,3682

Peru 55,088 27,544,3052

Venezuela 50,034 25,017,3872

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Northern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics)

Denmark 10,826 5,413,3922

Finland 10,429 5,214,5122

Iceland 587 293,9662

Sweden 17,972 8,986,4002

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Western Europe (Extrapolated Statistics)

Britain (United Kingdom)120,541 60,270,708 for UK2

Belgium 20,696 10,348,2762

France 120,848 60,424,2132

Ireland 7,939 3,969,5582

Luxembourg 925 62,6902

Monaco 64 32,2702

Netherlands(Holland) 32,636 16,318,1992
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/north_america.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/north_america.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/north_america.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/canada.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/canada.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/mexico.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/mexico.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belize.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belize.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/guatemala.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/guatemala.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/nicaragua.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/nicaragua.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/nursing-homes/puerto-rico.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/nursing-homes/puerto-rico.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/south_america.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/south_america.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/south_america.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/brazil.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/brazil.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/chile.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/chile.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/colombia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/colombia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/paraguay.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/peru.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/peru.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/venezuela.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/venezuela.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/denmark.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/denmark.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/finland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/finland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iceland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iceland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sweden.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sweden.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-kingdom.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-kingdom.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-kingdom.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belgium.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belgium.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/france.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/france.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ireland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ireland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/luxembourg.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/luxembourg.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/monaco.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/monaco.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/netherlands.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/netherlands.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/holland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/holland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/holland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/holland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/netherlands.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/monaco.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/luxembourg.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ireland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/france.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belgium.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-kingdom.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sweden.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iceland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/finland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/denmark.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/venezuela.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/peru.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/paraguay.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/colombia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/chile.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/brazil.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/south_america.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/nursing-homes/puerto-rico.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/nicaragua.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/guatemala.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belize.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/mexico.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/canada.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/north_america.htm


3/47

3

United Kingdom 120,541 60,270,7082

Wales 5,836 2,918,0002

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Central Europe (Extrapolated Statistics)

Austria 16,349 8,174,7622

Czech Republic

2,492 1,0246,178

2

Germany 164,849 82,424,609

2

Hungary 20,064 10,032,3752

Liechtenstein 66 33,4362

Poland 77,252 38,626,3492

Slovakia 10,847 5,423,5672

Slovenia 4,022 2,011,4732

Switzerland 14,901 7,450,8672

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Eastern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics)

Belarus 20,621 10,310,5202

Estonia 2,683 1,341,6642

Latvia 4,612 2,306,3062

Lithuania 7,215 3,607,8992

Russia 287,948 143,974,0592

Ukraine 95,464 7,732,0792

Dilated cardiomyopathy in the Southwestern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics)

Azerbaijan 15,736 7,868,3852

Georgia 9,387 ,693,8922

Portugal 21,048 10,524,1452

Spain 80,561 0,280,7802

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Southern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics)

Greece 21,295 10,647,5292

Italy 116,114 58,057,4772

Dilated cardiomyopathy in the Southeastern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics)

Albania 7,089 3,544,8082

Bosnia and Herzegovina 815 07,6082

Bulgaria 15,035 7,517,9732

Croatia 8,993 ,496,8692

Macedonia

4,080 2,040,085

2

Romania 44,711 22,355,551

2

Serbia and Montenegro 21,651 10,825,9002

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Northern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics)

Mongolia 5,502 2,751,3142

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Central Asia (Extrapolated Statistics)

Kazakhstan 30,287 15,143,7042
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-kingdom.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-kingdom.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/wales.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/austria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/austria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/czech-republic.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/czech-republic.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/germany.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/hungary.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/liechtenstein.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/liechtenstein.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/poland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/poland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/slovakia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/slovakia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/slovenia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/slovenia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/switzerland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/switzerland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belarus.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belarus.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/estonia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/estonia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/latvia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/latvia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/lithuania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/lithuania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/russia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/russia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ukraine.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/azerbaijan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/azerbaijan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/georgia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/georgia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/portugal.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/portugal.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/spain.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/spain.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/greece.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/greece.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/italy.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/albania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/albania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bulgaria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bulgaria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/croatia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/croatia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/macedonia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/macedonia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/romania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/romania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/mongolia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/mongolia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/kazakhstan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/kazakhstan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/mongolia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/romania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/macedonia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/croatia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bulgaria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/albania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/italy.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/greece.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/spain.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/portugal.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/georgia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/azerbaijan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ukraine.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/russia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/lithuania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/latvia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/estonia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/belarus.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/switzerland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/slovenia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/slovakia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/poland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/liechtenstein.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/hungary.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/germany.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/czech-republic.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/austria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/wales.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-kingdom.htm


4/47

4

Tajikistan 14,023 7,011,5562

Uzbekistan 52,820 26,410,4162

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Eastern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics)

China 2,597,695 1,298,847,6242

Hong Kong s.a.r. 13,710 6,855,125

2

Japan 254,666 127,333,002

2

Macau s.a.r. 890 45,2862

North Korea 45,395 22,697,5532

South Korea 96,467 8,233,7602

Taiwan 45,499 22,749,8382

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Southwestern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics)

Turkey 137,787 68,893,9182

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Southern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics)

Afghanistan 57,027 28,513,6772

Bangladesh 282,680 141,340,4762

Bhutan 4,371 2,185,5692

India 2,130,141 1,065,070,6072

Pakistan 318,392 159,196,3362

Sri Lanka 39,810 19,905,1652

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Southeastern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics)

East Timor 2,038 1,019,2522

Indonesia 476,905 238,452,9522

Laos 12,136 6,068,1172

Malaysia 47,044 23,522,4822

Philippines 172,483 86,241,6972

Singapore 8,707 ,353,8932

Thailand 129,731 64,865,5232

Vietnam 165,325 82,662,8002

Dilated cardiomyopathy in the Middle East (Extrapolated Statistics)

Gaza strip 2,649 1,324,9912

Iran 135,006 67,503,2052

Iraq 50,749 25,374,6912

Israel

12,398 6,199,008

2

Jordan 11,222 5,611,202

2

Kuwait 4,515 2,257,5492

Lebanon 7,554 3,777,2182

Saudi Arabia 51,591 25,795,9382

Syria 36,033 18,016,8742

United Arab Emirates 5,047 2,523,9152
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/tajikistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/uzbekistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/china.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/china.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/japan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/japan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/north-korea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/north-korea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/south-korea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/south-korea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/taiwan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/taiwan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/turkey.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/afghanistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/afghanistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bangladesh.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bangladesh.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bhutan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bhutan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/india.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/india.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/pakistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/pakistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sri-lanka.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sri-lanka.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/east-timor.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/indonesia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/indonesia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/laos.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/laos.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/malaysia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/malaysia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/philippines.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/philippines.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/singapore.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/singapore.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/thailand.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/thailand.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/vietnam.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/vietnam.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iran.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iran.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iraq.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iraq.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/israel.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/israel.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/jordan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/jordan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/kuwait.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/kuwait.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/lebanon.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/lebanon.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/saudi-arabia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/saudi-arabia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/syria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/syria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-arab-emirates.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-arab-emirates.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/united-arab-emirates.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/syria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/saudi-arabia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/lebanon.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/kuwait.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/jordan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/israel.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iraq.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/iran.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/vietnam.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/thailand.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/singapore.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/philippines.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/malaysia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/laos.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/indonesia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/east-timor.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sri-lanka.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/pakistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/india.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bhutan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/bangladesh.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/afghanistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/turkey.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/taiwan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/south-korea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/north-korea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/japan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/china.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/uzbekistan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/tajikistan.htm


5/47

5

West Bank 4,622 2,311,2042

Yemen 40,049 20,024,8672

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Northern Africa (Extrapolated Statistics)

Egypt 152,234 76,117,4212

Libya

11,263 5,631,585

2

Sudan 78,296 39,148,162

2

Dilated cardiomyopathy inWestern Africa(Extrapolated Statistics)

Congo Brazzaville 5,996 2,998,0402

Ghana 41,514 20,757,0322

Liberia 6,781 3,390,6352

Niger 22,721 11,360,5382

Nigeria 35,500 12,5750,3562

Senegal 21,704 10,852,1472

Sierra leone 11,767 5,883,8892

Dilated cardiomyopathy inCentral Africa(Extrapolated Statistics)

Central African Republic 7,484 3,742,4822

Chad 19,077 9,538,5442

Congo Kinshasa 116,634 58,317,0302

Rwanda 16,477 8,238,6732

Dilated cardiomyopathy inEastern Africa(Extrapolated Statistics)

Ethiopia 142,673 71,336,5712

Kenya 65,964 32,982,1092

Somalia 16,609 8,304,6012

Tanzania 72,141 36,070,7992

Uganda 52,780 26,390,2582

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Southern Africa (Extrapolated Statistics)

Angola 21,957 10,978,5522

Botswana 3,278 1,639,2312

South Africa 88,896 4,448,4702

Swaziland 2,338 1,169,2412

Zambia 22,051 11,025,6902

Zimbabwe 7,343 1,2671,8602

Dilated cardiomyopathy inOceania(Extrapolated Statistics)Australia 39,826 19,913,144

2

New Zealand 7,987 3,993,8172

Papua New Guinea 10,840 5,420,2802

Table 1.2 Morbidity Extrapolate Prevalence rate for Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Source:US Census Bureau, Population Estimates, 2004US Census Bureau, International Data Base, 2004
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/yemen.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/egypt.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/egypt.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/libya.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/libya.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sudan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sudan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ghana.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ghana.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/liberia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/liberia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/niger.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/niger.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/nigeria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/nigeria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/senegal.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/senegal.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sierra-leone.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sierra-leone.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/central-african-republic.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/central-african-republic.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/chad.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/chad.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/rwanda.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/rwanda.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ethiopia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ethiopia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/kenya.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/kenya.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/somalia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/somalia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/tanzania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/tanzania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/uganda.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/uganda.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/angola.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/angola.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/botswana.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/botswana.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/south-africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/south-africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/swaziland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/swaziland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/zambia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/zambia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/zimbabwe.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/zimbabwe.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/oceania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/oceania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/oceania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/australia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/australia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/new-zealand.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/new-zealand.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/papua-new-guinea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/papua-new-guinea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/papua-new-guinea.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/new-zealand.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/australia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/oceania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/zimbabwe.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/zambia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/swaziland.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/south-africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/botswana.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/angola.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/uganda.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/tanzania.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/somalia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/kenya.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ethiopia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/rwanda.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/chad.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/central-african-republic.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sierra-leone.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/senegal.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/nigeria.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/niger.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/liberia.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/ghana.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/risk/africa.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/sudan.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/libya.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/egypt.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/yemen.htm


6/47

6

LOCAL MORBIDITY STATISTICS

In this Table 1.3 shows the morbidity rate in the Philippines on 2000- 2004 & 2005. The

disease of the heart was 7th

most leading cause of morbidity cases ranges 43, 898. And highest

most leading cause is Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ranging 690,566.

Table 1.3 Morbidit:10 Leading Causes, Number and Rate.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

General Objectives

Readers will be able to gain more knowledge and information about cardiomyopathy. As

third year students, we learned patient based heart complication. In this matter, what we learned

inside the room will be able to apply to an actual patient depending on the condition his needs.

Patient centered

- Gather all necessary data of the patient that are related to heart disease that are available

as is may be helpful to case study.

- Present the definition of the complete diagnosis that will explain the illness or

complication.


7/47

7

- Study the anatomy and physiology of that certain body part that is affected by the

complication.

- Trace the pathophysiology of cardiac disease (cardiomyopathy).

- Determined the possible diagnostic test needed for the case including implication and

nursing responsibility for the needs of the patient.

- Formulate a nursing care base plan on the possible secondary complication.

- Evaluate complications to nursing practice, education and research.

- To render health teachings and guidelines to those patients in the future for them to

prevent the risk of heart failure.

- The student nurse wants to learn actual complication that may occur on the future.

Nurse centered

After the completion of the case study the student nurse should be able to:

- Present comprehensive and detailed report regarding the complication.

- Have a well-structured nursing diagnosis of the complication based on patient integration

data.

- Understand the factors that might have been contributed to the development of the

complication.

- To provide an organized and structured nursing interventions as a response to the patient

anticipated needs.- Provide relevant information on available alternative therapies and management.

NURSING ASSESSMENT

FAMILY GENOGRAM

Mr. Ferding (code name) not his real name is the youngest siblings from Mr.

Swirding(father of client, 65, deceased ) and Mrs. Sorayna(mother of client, 72, deceased). Five

of the family members are alive and well. Three of his brother and two sisters died with a history

of cardiac arrest and 2 died in spontaneous abortion.

His grandparents on mother side and father side, most of them died in cardiac arrest as he

stated when we did an interview with him. SeeFigure 1.1 to elaborate more on his family tree.


8/47

8

Figure 1.1FAMILY TREE

(FAMILY HEALTH/ ILLNESS HISTORY)

PERSONAL HISTORYMr. Ferding (code name) not his real name is a 53 yrs. old male born on April 30 1959.

His parents are both gone, he has siblings 7 of them are already gone while 6 are still alive. He

married his wife (Esme) at the age of 25 yrs. old. Now he is a father of 6 children.

Mr. Ferding and his family are protestant. He is a carpenter and is earning enough to

support his family including their education.

Lifestyle and Activities of Daily Living

Family Lifestyle

Mr. Ferding works 6 days a week fixing and repairing houses while his wife takes care of

their children at home. Their children are quite good and they are cooperative when they are told

to do so.


9/47

9

Activities of Daily Living

Mr. Ferding usually gets up at 5 am to prepare himself to go for work. He will just eat at

6 AM, at 7 AM he will now go to his work. During morning until 12 at noon then have his lunch

for 1 hr. After 1 hr. he will now start working again for another 5 hrs. When he comes home at 5

pm he will just take a short break. He will then make sure that all his children is home at 7-8

before they eat their dinner. At 9 pm Mr. Ferding usually on bed ready to sleep and prepare for

the next day routine.

Eating Pattern

Mr. Ferding stated that he likes to eat heavy meals because of the kind of his work. He

eats fried rice in the morning to sustain his activities. He also eats rice and partner usually with

meat or fish and vegetables at noon and dinner. His wife is the one who prepares his food for

work.

Bowel and Bladder Elimination

Mr. Ferding stated that he is usually defecates once a day. Sometimes he exerts effort just

to expel it. But when he feels like he is constipated, he drinks warm liquid after a while he will

then go to the toilet. He also stated that he have no hard time urinating, there is no pain or any

burning sensation.

Family Relationship

Mr. Ferding stated that he is a family man. He always makes sure that all his children is

equally given attention to. He also added that his children are open to share their problems. And

as a father he always gives advice with an open minded.

Home and Neighborhood Condition

Ms. Ferdings house is consisting of 3 bedrooms, 1 for him and his wife, 1 for his girls

and the other is for his boys. The bedroom of his children is consisting of bunk beds. They have

living room and kitchen. They have friendly neighbors and never had been in the fight before.

HISTORY OF PAST AND PRESENT ILLNESS

Past Illness

According to Mr. Ferding 20 years ago he was a smoker then , and was diagnosed with

hypertension. He did not comply with maintenance medication because he cannot afford it


10/47

10

and he feel like he still have hypertension after a while so he thought he was ok and no need to

take it.

Present Illness

Mr. Ferding decided to go to the hospital because of excessive coughing and feeling of

easy fatigability.

June 22- 2 weeks prior to admission Mr. Ferding experiences slight chills and fever but he still

went to work. When he came home he took Biogesic for his fever and since his daughter is a

nurse he just ask her to take his vital signs. Everything was normal but a slightly elevated

temperature. The next morning he felt ok. Then decided to go back to work

July 6 -1 day prior to admission experienced coughing and feeling of easy fatigability. He did

not got to work and he took a rest hoping that it will go away.

July 7 - 1 hour prior to admission Mr. Ferding experiencedexcessive coughing and DOB.

ACTUAL PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT

Nutrition assessmentThe muscle tone of the patient was firm and developed with unequal strength on the

upper peripheral extremities. Body fat was equally distributed in the waist thighs and triceps.

Posture was erect but difficulty walking. The patient experienced easy fatigability. Skin is

rough, dry and decrease skin turgor. Nail was firm and pale nail beds. Hair was brittle and

dry. Lips are puffy with visible fissures on the corner of the mouth. Eyes are clear and pale.

There was normal reflex. Apical rate of 73 bpm and a blood pressure of 110/70.

Skin and nail assessment

Brown color skin, there was a thick but smooth texture with a clammy temperature.

Skin turgor of 5 seconds. There was a presence ofgrade 2 edema in the lower extremities.

Patient had a black dry hair. Scalp was symmetrical smooth and there was no presence of lesion

and no parasites. There was a round nail with 180O

nail base, thick in texture and immobile.


11/47

11

Head and Neck

Head was symmetrical round hard and smooth. Face was symmetrical centered head

position. Neck had a smooth and control movement and ROM of (flexion-45O

, extension-55O

,

lateral abduction-40O

, and rotation-70O

.) trachea and thyroid are in the midline position and

non-tender.

Eyes and Ears

Blinking was symmetrical and involuntary. Cornea was transparent, iris and pupils are

round and equal. Iris was clear and uniform in color. There was no discharge and tenderness on

the lacrimal apparatus upon palpation. Pinna of the ear was aligned with corner of the eye. Skin

smooth without nodule and color was the same with the face. Auricle tragus was non-tender

upon palpation. Mastoid process was not-tender when palpated, warm in temperature and easily

palpated without edema.

Mouth throat and nose

Lips and surrounding tissues are relatively symmetrical in position. There was fissure

and puffiness on the side of the mouth when smiling. Tongue was fissure and moves smoothly

and slightly pale in color. Color of the nose was the same as the face, smooth and symmetrical

in appearance. There was visible nasal flaring during inspiration. There are no nodules, masses

or pain reported during palpation. Sinuses are non-tender during palpation.

Chest and Lungs

Color in the chest was slightly pallor, intercostals space is retracting during with RR of

24 bpm. Chest symmetrical was equal. There was no pain upon palpation but there was a

presence of wheezing sound on both lung fields.

Heart

Apical pulse was 73 bpm upon auscultation with 53 PR upon palpation.

Peripheral vascular


12/47

12

Brachial artery blood pressure of 110/70 mmhg, 53 bpm PR. Extremities are slightly

pallor. Temperature of 34.2O

can identify pain. Radial pulse was weak and slow. Lower

extremities are slightly pallor with grade 2 bipedal edema. Verbalized no calf pain.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Figure 1.2 Layers of the heart

Pericardial cavitythe space between the layers of the pericardium contains

approximately 1030 ml of fluid. Parietal pericardium-surround almost the entire ascending

aorta and main pulmonary artery as well as portion of the inferior and superior vena cava and

the pulmonary vein. Fibrous pericardium ( Parietal Layer) surrounds the heart and attaches to the

great vessels which are several large blood vessels that return blood to the heart. Coronary blood

vessel the blood vessels that supplies oxygen and nutrient to the heart itself. Endocardium is the

inner layer of the heart where the blood is filled during cardiac relaxation. Myocardium is

responsible for contraction and expelling blood during cardiac contraction. Epicardium( Visceral

Pericardium ) contains the epicardial coronary arteries and veins. This is the inner lining of the

pericardium; it is delicate inner lining of the parietal pericardium and is the outer lining the great

vessel. (See figure 1.2)


13/47

13

Figure 1.3 Blood flow illustration

Blood Flow

First, superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper extremities whileinferior vena cava carries .deoxygenated blood from lower extremities. From the vena cavas

blood will drain in the right atrium. From the right atrium blood will now go to the right ventricle

through the tricuspid valve. From right ventricle deoxygenated blood will pass through the

pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery going to the pulmonary trunk and lungs for the process of

oxygenation. In the lungs blood will release carbon dioxide and will be oxygenized. Blood will

pass through the pulmonary vein down to the left atria. From left atria the mitral valve will open

and will be drain down to the left ventricle. The left ventricle now will pump the oxygenated

blood towards the aortic valve ascending and descending aorta. The oxygenated blood is now

going to for the systemic circulation.

The movement of the blood through the heart is controlled by the opening and closing of

the valves and the contraction and relaxation of the myocardium. Coronary circulation delivers

oxygenated blood to myocardium and removes carbon dioxide from it. Deoxygenated blood


14/47

14

from the heat returns to the atria via coronary sinus. (See Figure 1.3)Malfunction of this system can

result to angina pectoris or myocardial infarction.

Figure 1.4 SA node and AV node

Conduction system of the heart

The conduction system of the heart consists of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that

generates and distributes action potential. Components of this system are the sinoatrial (SA) node

this is the peacemaker, and initiate the cardiac contraction by passing electric impulse to

atrioventricular (AV) node(See Figure 1.4),in which this node passes the electric impulse going to

the bundle of his. From the bundle of His electric impulse will pass through the purkenji fibers.

Thus, cardiac contraction happens.


15/47

15

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY(Patient based)

Figure 1.5 Pathophysiology (Patient-Based)


16/47

16

Figure 1.6 Pathophysiology(book based)


17/47

17

DEFINITION OF THE DISEASE

Heart muscle disease is called cardiomyopathy and is a problem with the physical shape

of the muscle. Often its origin is unknown. Cardiomyopathy is a serious condition that can lead

to heart failure, dysrhythmias and death.

SYNTHESIS OF THE DISEASE

RISK FACTORS (patient based)

Genetic factor-if the person has a family history of heart diseases 20-30%

possibility that he/she will acquire that disease from them as it already runs on the genes.

(Daniels 2010). From the start a person with family history of cardiomyopathy has

already a cardiac abnormalities and its unknown if this will progress to full

cardiomyopathy to later life. There is a presence of disease genes (dystrophin, tatazzin,

cardiac actin, desmin, Lamin A/C, delta-sarcoglycan, cardiac beta myocin heavy chain,

and cardiac troponin T-gene).

The mutation in Lamin A/C is the one that causes cardiomyopathy. Other

mutations are the cause in addition skeletal muscle myopathy. Dystrophin mutation are

the cause of the rare X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy without skeletal muscle

involvement and a progressive course in young men. Other mutation in dystrophin gene,

mainly deletion , are the cause of muscular dystrophy Becker and Duchenne which arealso present in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Age-the higher the age of a person the higher the risk for heart diseases because of the

degeneration of the tissues. And the presence of atherosclerotic disease that usually

occurs in the late stage of life. This atherosclerosis causes a strain in the heart muscle

because of compensatory mechanism of the body usually being a tachycardic.

Gender- male is more prone to having cardiac related diseases than the female because of

the vices (smoking, drinking). This activity causes the destruction and toxicity of cells in

the heart.

PRECIPITATING FACTOR

Smoking- cigarrete contain a chemical nicotine that is responsible in the hardening of the

arteries that causes increase workload in the heart that may lead to myocardial disease or

heart failure. While the carbon monoxide toxicity causes the heart to weakens.


18/47

18

Respiratory infection- bacterial infection causes increase in secretion causing coughing

and increase in oxygen demand leading to a compensatory mechanism of the body such

as increase in heart rate and respiratory rate.

easy fatigability s being experienced because of the increase in oxygen demand

cough because of the reaction of bacterial infection in the RR system

Pulse deficit most possible is because of the medication specifically the Digoxin.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS (patient based)

Signs and symptoms Rationale

Fever

The high temperature of the patient is caused

by respiratory infection by the inflammation of

the tracheal and bronchial area, due to

pathogenic invasion. The inflammation willcause releasing of pyrogens from cells. These

endogenous pyrogens will stimulate the release

of prostaglandin that will trigger thehypothalamic thermostat to higher temperature.

Hypertension

Or high blood pressure. It is because ofdecrease vascular regulation(atherosclerosis)

resulting from malfunction of arterial blood

flow due to formation of clots. And then therewould be elevated blood pressure that will lead

to increased heart rate.

Easy fatigability

Due to continuous exertion of heart andincrease in oxygen demand. It will cause an

overuse stage and eventually the body willexperience of feeling weakness, tiredness and

listlessness.

Impaired gas exchange

Due to myocardial dysfunction secondary to

decrease mayocardial contraction there would

be an abnormal perfusion. That explains theamount of blood ejected from left ventricle

diminished and the heart cannot pump enough

blood to meet body needs. It will cause limited

airflow which leads to decreased cardiacoutput.

Activity intolerance

Due to long term HPN and irregular cardiacpattern there is an impaired heart muscle

resulting to decrease its capacity to function

normally also resulting to decrease bloodvolume and oxygen in the systemic circulation

causing easy fatigability


19/47

19

Nail and skin color changes

Decrease cardiac output and decrease arterial

perfusion will cause abnormal process ofcirculation to a capillary bed in blood tissue

that affects the skin color changes and the

extremities.

Abnormal urine output

-Decrease cardiac output and decrease RBCwill cause R-A-A stimulation. It means thatthere is re-absorption of sodium and water in

the blood. It will bring about by fluids and

electrolytes imbalances.-Due to decrease kidney function there is an

improper absorption of water and wastes from

the blood stream.

Edema

Due to decrease kidney function and R-A-A

stimulation the retention of too much salt

causes the body to retain water. This water

then leaks into the interstitial tissue space. Thisis what we call edema.

TREATMENT

DIAGNOSTICS AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES

General nursing responsibilities

Check doctors order

Explain to the client the importance of the test and what it is for

ECG

Before

Remove all metals attached to the body

Make sure your health care provider knows about all the medications you are taking, as

some can interfere with test results.

Exercising or drinking cold water immediately before an ECG may cause false results.

An ECG is painless. No electricity is sent through the body. The electrodes may feel cold

when first applied. In rare cases, some people may develop a rash or irritation where the

patches were placed.


20/47

20

During

You will be asked to lie down. The health care provider will clean several areas on your

arms, legs, and chest, and then attach small patches called electrodes to the areas. It may

be necessary to shave or clip some hair so the patches stick to the skin. The number of

patches used may vary.

The patches are connected by wires to a machine that turns the heart's electrical signals

into wavy lines, which are often printed on paper. The test results are reviewed by the

doctor.

You usually need to remain still during the procedure. The health care provider may also

ask you to hold your breath for a few seconds as the test is being done. Any movement,

including muscle tremors such as shivering, can alter the results. So it is important to be

relaxed and relatively warm during an ECG recording.

Sometimes this test is done while you are exercising or under minimal stress to monitor

changes in the heart. This type of ECG is often called a stress test.

After

Remove the patches slowly

Diagnostic/laboratory

procedure

Date

ordered:

July 7,2012

General

description

Indication

or

purpose

Result Normal

values

Analysis and

interpretation

ECG Dateresult in:July 7,

2012

Standardized

recording of

electrical activity

of the heart

To detect

cardiac

ischemia

and

abnormal

rhythms.

PR-0.30

secondsQRS-0.06

seconds

QT-0.26

seconds

PR-0.12-

0.20 sec

QRS-0.06-0.12 sec

QT-0.32-

0.44 sec

The PR wave

was prolong.

The QRS is

normal.

The QT is

shorter than

normal.

URINE TEST

Before

Instruct the patient to void directly into a clean, dry container. Sterile, disposable

containers are recommended.


21/47

21

During

Cover all specimens tightly, label properly and send immediately to the laboratory.

If a urine sample is obtained from an indwelling catheter, it may be necessary to clamp

the catheter for about 15-30 minutes before obtaining the sample. Clean the specimen

port with antiseptic before aspirating the urine sample with a needle and a syringe.

After

Observe standard precautions when handling urine specimens.

If the specimen cannot be delivered to the laboratory or tested within an hour, it should

be refrigerated or have an appropriate preservative added

Diagnostic/labo

ratory

procedure

Date ordered:July 7 2012

General

description

Indicatio

n or

purpose

Result Normalvalues

Analysis and

interpretatio

n

URINE TEST Date resultin:July 7 2012

Urine test is atest where in

urine is being

collected to

examine in a

microscope

Todetermine

the proper

function

of the

kidney

Color-yellow

Transparency-

clear

PH-4.0

Specific

gravity-1.020

Albumin-trace

Sugar-negative

Pus cels-HPF-

2.4

RBC/HPF-2.4

Epithelial

cells-few

A.urates- few

Color-yellow

Transparency

- clear

PH-4.6-8

Specific

gravity-1.003-1.025

Albumin-Sugar-Nil

Pus cells-

RBC-1-

02/lowpower field

1/ highpower field

Epithelialcells, and Aurates can

be found in

the urates ina fewnumber

Color is normal

Transparency

normal

PH- is innormal range

Specificgravity-is innormal range

No sugar foundindicating itsnormal

RBC is slightly

above the

normal range

And it isnormal for theepithelial and A

urates to befound in theurine providingin a fewnumber.

BLOOD TEST

Before

Nurses must help position patients properly, like rolling the patient over, in order to

complete the necessary diagnostic testing.


22/47

22

Check a patient's vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, breathing rate), assess physical

condition and keep an eye on any monitors that the patient needs to remain hooked

up to during the tests, such as a heart monitor or ventilator. Nurses may also be

required to connect or disconnect any monitors or devices that can interfere with the

testing.

During

Draw the sample before giving or one hour after giving I.M. injections. I.M. injections

will increase the total CK level.

Be sure to obtain the blood samples on schedule. Always note on the laboratory slip, the

time the sample was drawn and the hours elapsed since onset of chest pain. Be sure to

draw blood samples in a 7-ml red top tube.

Be sure to handle the sample gently to prevent hemolysis. Always have the sample

transported to the lab promptly because CK activity diminishes significantly after 2 hours

at room temperature.

After the procedure

Apply cotton ball with slight pressure to the site to bleeding.

Test results are reported to the patient's doctor, specialists and others in need of the

information by nurses. Results may be phoned in, faxed or sent electronically via a

computer. It may be the nurse's responsibility to check for the results of the tests as well.

They may be in charge of entering the results into the patient's medical record. Nurses

must also notify the patient's physician when abnormal or critical results that require an

immediate response, such as abnormal blood work with critical potassium levels, are

found.

Diagnostic/labo

ratory

procedure

Date ordered:July 7 ,2012

General

descriptio

n

Indicatio

n or

purpose

Result Normalvalues

Analysis and

interpretatio

n

Blood test Date resultin:July 7, 2012

Blood

chemistryGive

specific

information about

the

condition

of your

organs.

RBS-6.88

BUN-4.0

Createnine-

98.3

CK-MB-8.18

Troponin I-Nil

RBS-3.85-

9.0mmol/l

BUN-1.7-

8.3mmol/l

Createnine-

60-

120mmol/l

CK-MB-0-

RBS is in

normal range

BUN is in

normal range

CREATENIN

E is in normal

range

CK-MB is is


23/47

23

Sodium-141.9

Potassium-

3.45

Hemoglobin-

144

Hematocrit-43

WBC-11.4

Neutrophils-.7

Platelet count-

248

25IV/l

Troponin-

Nil

Sodium-

135-

145mmol/l

Potassium-

3.5-

5.5mmol/l

Hemoglobi

n-125-

175mmol/l

Hematocrit-

0.40-0.52

WBC-5-10x10/l

Neutrophils

-0.45-0.65

Platelet

count-150-

400x10?l

normal range

There is no

troponin I

found

SODIUM is

in normal

range

POTASSIU

M is slightly

low

HEMOGLOB

IN is in

normal range

HEMATOCR

IT is in

normal range

WBC is

slightly

elevated

NEUTROPHI

LS is in

normal range

PLATELET

COUNT is in

normal range

Diagnostic/labo

ratory

procedure

Date ordered:July 7, 2012

General

descriptio

n

Indicatio

n or

purpose

Result Normalvalues

Analysis and

interpretatio

n

Blood test Date resultin:July 7 2012

HEMATOLOGY

To

determine

the total

volume of

blood

HGB-143

WBC-8.8

RBC-5.0

HCT-0.43

HGB-140-

180gm/l

WBC-5-

10x10mo/l

RBC-4.5-

6.3x10/l

HCT-0.40-

0.54L/L

HGB is in

normal range

WBC is in

normal range

RBC is in nor

mal range

HCT is in

normal range


24/47

24

Diagnostic/labo

ratory

procedure

Date ordered:

Date result

in:

General

descriptio

n

Indicatio

n or

purpose

Result Normalvalues

Analysis and

interpretatio

n

Blood test July 7 2012 Chemicalchemistry

To

determine

the proper

functionof the

heart

BUN-2.8

CREATENIN

E-70.8

SODIUM-

143.8

POTASSIUM-

3.55

BUN-2.1-

7.1mmo1/l

CREATENINE-62-106mmol/l

SODIUM-135-148mmol/l

POTASSIUM-3.5-5.3mmol/l

BUN,

CREATENIN

E, SODIUM,

POTASSIUM

are all in

normal

range

IVF

Before

Lean the site with cotton balls with alcohol

During

Make sure to maintain bed rest

Continues cardiac monitoring

Report any abnormal findings to the physicians

Increase the rate of infusion as prescribe, but monitor for fluid overload

No evidence of dehydration should be noticed

Check the IV site for redness, swelling and infiltration

After

Apply cotton balls to the site to prevent bleeding

MEDICAL

MANAGEMENT

Date ordered:

July 7

Date started:July 7

Date

Changed:July 8

GENERAL

DISCRIPTION

INDICATION

PORPOSE

CLIENTS

RESPONSE

1

D5LRS 1LxKVO

D5LRS are fluids

which are intended to

be administeredbecause hypertonic

solution are those thathave an effectiveosmolarity greater thanthe body fluids.

This pulls the fluids

into the vascular by

osmosis resulting in anincrease vascular

volume .It raisesintravascular osmotic

pressure and providesfluid, electrolyte andcalories for energy.

Client maintain fluid

balance despite of

strict monitoring ofI&O


25/47

25

O2 THERAPHY

Before

Instruct the client and visitors about the hazard of smoking with oxygen use.

Make sure that electric devices (such as razors, hearing aids, radios, televisions, and

hearing pads) are in good working order to prevent the occurrence of short-circuit sparks.

Ensure proper delivery method (cannula, face mask, face tent)

Teach client proper use of oxygen

During

Avoids materials that generate static electricity, such as woolen blankets and synthetic

fabrics. Cotton blankets should be used, and client and caregivers should be advised to

wear cotton fabrics.

Regulate flow if necessary

After

Always make sure that the oxygen tank is properly closed

MEDICAL

MANAGEMENT

Date ordered

July 7, 2012

Date started

July 7, 2012

GENERAL

DESCRIPTION

INDICATION

PORPOSE

CLIENTS

RESPONSE

OXYGEN 1-2

liter/min

Oxygen is a

colorless gas that

exists in the air that

all living things

needed in order to

live.

To provide enough

oxygen despite of

difficulty of

breathing

Patient was relieved

experiencing DOB

DRUGS

General nursing responsibilities

Before

Check doctors order

Explain to the patient what the medication is for. During:During

Give the medication on time.

After:

Document the medication done.


26/47

26

CEFTRIAXONE

Before

Read carefully the name cephalosporins have similar sounding and similar spelled

names.

Reconstitute 1 mL of cephalosporin to 5 mL of sterile water.

Determine allergy to the cephalosporin through skin testing.

During

Do no infuse rapidly, it causes pain and irritation

Name of the

drug:

Date ordered:July 7, 2012

Route:

IV infusion

General

action

Indication Clients response to the actual

adverse reactionDate started:July 7, 2012

3rd generation

cephalosporin

antibiotic

Lower

respiratory

infection due

to pneumonia

The client did not manifest any

S&S of infection

Generic

name:Ceftriaxone

sodium

Dosage and

frequency:

1 gm Q12Brand name:Rocephin

Datediscontinued:

July 9, 2012

FUROSEMIDE

Before

Do not confuse Lasix with Lanoxin (a cardiac glycoside)

Asses closely for a sign of vascular thrombosis and embolism.

Take Blood Pressure before administering the medication give IV injection slowly, may

cause pain and irritation.

During

Do not infuse rapidly

After

For rapid diuresis observe for dehydration.

Assess for S and Sx for hyperkalemia.

Let the client change the position from lying to sitting the stand slowly.

Supplement diet with vegetable and fruits that are high in potassium. (ex. Bananas,

peaches and oranges.)


27/47

27

Name of the

drug:

Date ordered:

July 7, 2012Route:

IV bolus

General

action


adverse reaction

Date started:

July 7, 2012

Loop Diuretic Edema There was in increase in urine

output from 45cc in 2 hrs. to

300cc in 5 hrs.Generic

Name:

Furosemide

Dosage and

frequency:

40 mg

Q 6

(12 , 6)Brand

Name:

Lasix

Date

discontinued:

July 8 2012

AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE

Before

Correct potassium and Magnesium

During

Follow recommended dietary guidelines. Avoid or limit salt and fluid as directed. Avoid

grape fruit.

After

Record BP and pulse for providers review. Identify specific levels to hold drugs. HR


28/47

28

LOSARTAN POTASSIUM

Before

Do not confuse Lozaar with Zocor (Antihyperlipidimic) .

Take pulse rate and BP before administering medication.

After

Low fat, low sodium diet and avoid grape fruit.

Do not change position suddenly.

Name of the

drug:

Date

ordered:

July 7, 2012

Route:

Oral

General action Indication Clients response to the

actual adverse reaction

Date started:

July 7, 2012

Date

discontinued:

July 9, 2012

Antihypertensive,

Angiotensin II

receptor blocker

Antihypertensive,

alone or with

combination with

other

antihypertensive

drugs(including

diuretics).

Reduces risk of

stroke in clients

with

hypertension and

left ventricular

hypertrophy.

The patient maintains a

normal blood pressure of

110/70 mmhgGeneric

Name:

Losartan

Potassium

Dosage and

frequency:

50 mg

(8 )Brand

Name:

Lozaar

LEVOFLOXACIN

Before:

Check if patient is able to swallow or in need of NGT.

Prepare the medication and other materials to be used.

Name of the

drug:

Date

ordered:

July 7, 2012

Route:

Oral

General action Indication Clients response to the


Date started:

July 7, 2012

Date

discontinued:

July 9, 2012

Flouroquinolone

Antibiotic

5 day

treatment

regimen for

community

acquired

pneumonia

due to

Streptococcus

Pneumoniae.

The patient prevent further

infectionGeneric

Name:

Levofloxacin

Dosage and

frequency:

Oral

(8 )Brand

Name:

Levaguin,

Quixin


29/47

29

DIGOXIN

Before

Monitor bradycardia/ arrhythmias, count apical rate for atleast one minute. Before

administering.

Have digoxin immune FAB available

After

Monitor for pulse deficit. (It indicates adverse drug reaction.)

For severe toxicity.

Use caution: Digoxin withdrawal may worsen heart failure.

Take at the same time each day.

Do not change brands.

Name of thedrug:

Dateordered:

July 7, 2012

Route:

Oral

Generalaction

Indication Clients response to the actualadverse reaction

Date started:

July 7, 2012

Date

discontinued:

July 9, 2012

Cardiac

Glycoside

Propylaxis

and treatment

of recurrent

paroxysmal

AV junction

rhythm.

The patient maintains a normal

heart rate of 73 bpm

Generic

Name:

Digoxin

Dosage and

frequency:

25 mg

( 8 )

Brand

Name:

Lanoxin

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

Before

Obtain renal function test, dysfunction leads to hyperkalemia.

Prepare the medication.

During Do not draw or dissolve in the mouth.

Monitor I/O.

After

Report any sign of weakness, fatigue or cardiac arrhythmias, it is a sign of hypokalemia.

Record the medication done.


30/47

30

Monitor input/output

Name of the

drug:

Date

ordered:

July 7. 2012

Route:

Oral

General

action


adverse reaction

Date started:

July 7, 2012

Date

discontinued:

July 9, 2012

Electrolytes

Hypokalemia

with or

without

metabolic

acidosis

following in

increase

urinary

excretion.

The client maintains a normal

level of K of 3.55Generic

Name:

Potassium

Chloride

Dosage and

frequency:

O.D.

(8 )Brand

Name:

Kalium

Durule

CALCIUM GLUCONATEBefore

Do not administer together with other medication

Make sure provider is aware of all the medication prescribed.

Name of the

drug:

Date

ordered:

July 7,2012

Route:

IV

General

action


adverse reaction

Date started:

July7, 2012

Date

discontinued:

July 8, 2012

Calcium salt

Prophylaxis

of

hypocalcemia

during

exchange

transfusion

The client maintains a normal

level calcium in the bloodGeneric

Name:

Ca gluconate

Dosage and

frequency:

1 ampule

STATBrand

Name:

Cal-G

MAGNESIUM SULFATE

Before

Asses for absent patellar reflex,


31/47

31

Date started:

July 7, 2012

Date

discontinue:

July 7, 2012

Miscellaneous,

essential

element for

muscle

contraction,

certain

enzyme, and

nerve

transmission

Replacement

therapy in Mg

deficiency

especially in acute

hypomagnesaemia

accompanied by

signs of tetany

similar to those

seen in

hypocalcemia

The client maintains

normal HRGeneric

Name:

Magnesium

sulfate

Dosage and

frequency:

2 gram

STAT

BrandName:

Epsom salt

ASPIRIN

Before

Have epinephrine available to counter act hypersensitivity occurs

Note history of peptic ulcer or bleeding tendencies

During

Take with full glass of water to prevent lodging in esophagus

After

Inform the patient to report ringing in the ear, difficulty hearing, dizziness or fainting

spells, unusual increase in sweating, severe abdominal pain or mental confusion (this is a

sign of a toxic effect)

Name of the

drug:

Date

ordered:

July 7,2012

Route:

Oral

General

action

Indication Clients response to the


Date started:

July 7, 2012

Date

discontinued:

July 7, 2012

Inhibit

platelet

aggregation

Use for

cardiovascular

disease

Patient prevents platelet

aggregationGeneric

Name:

Acetylsalicylic

Acid

Dosage and

frequency:

80 mg

OD

Brand Name:

Aspirin

DIET

Before


32/47

32

Check the doctors order. Question for any inconsistencies regardingpatients diet and

condition

Explain the importance of diet prescribed

After

Document intake as to amount and provide a separate sheet for fluid and output

Take note of patients response to the diet

ACTIVITY

BED REST

Before

Explain to the patient why it is necessary Inform the patient to wear pressure stocking and explain why it is necessary

During

Always make sure that there is somebody with him to assist his needs

Make sure your patient is changing position at least every two hours as permitted by her

doctor to avoid bed sores that will put her into risk of impaired skin integrity related to

immobility.

Always elevate the bedrails

After

Let the client stand or move in a gradual motion

MEDICAL

MANAGEMENT

Date ordered:

July 7, 2012

GENERAL

DISCRIPTION

INDICATION

PURPOSE

CLIENTS

RESPONSE

TYPE OF DIET GENERAL

DESCRIPTION

INDICATION/PURPOSE SPECIFIC FOOD

TAKEN

LFLS Low fat and low sodium

diet

To prevent the further

accumulation of

atherosclerotic plaque that

will contribute to increase

workload of the heart.

pineapple

Soft diet Fluid or soft food To prevent constipation

that may stimulate the

vagus nerve and lead to

heart failure.

Water, arozcaldo


33/47

33

Bed Rest

Date started:

STAT

A medical treatment

involving a period of

consistent (day and

night) recumbence in

bed and

Reducing activities.

Prevent any

restraints that can

cause easy

fatigability and

further problem to

the heart

The patient was

cooperative and

reduces the feeling

of easy

fatigability.

DAILY PATIENTS RECORD/EVALUATION

Days Admission-Day 1(July 7,

2012)

Day 2(July 8, 2012)

Nursing problems Cough, easy fatigability Easy fatigability

Vital signs BP-110/70, RR-17, PR-78,

Temp-36

BP-110/70, RR-24, PR-53,

Apical-78, Temp-36.2

laboratory Hematology, chemical

chemistry, urinalysis, blood

chemistry, electrolytes

None

IVF, O2 D5LRS 10 gtts (KVO) O2-2

LPM

#2 D5LRS D5LRS 10 gtts

(KVO) O2-2 LPM

Drugs Ceftriaxone 1 gm q12,furosemide 40 mg IV q6,

MgSO4 2 gm IV STAT, Ca

gluconate 1 amp IV STAT,amiodarone 200 mg OD,

Losartan 50 mg 1 tab OD,

Lanoxin 25 mg 1/2 tab OD,

levofloxacin 500 mg 1 tabOD, kalium durule 1 tab BID,

aspirin 80 mg 1 tab OD

Levofloxacin500 mg 1 tabOD, , lanoxin25 mg 1/2 tab

OD, kalium durule,

furosemide 40 mg IV q6,ceftriaxone1 gm q12,,

losartan50 mg 1 tab OD,

Kalium durule1 tab BID ,

amniodarone 200 mg OD

Diet NPO LFLS

Activity Bed rest Bed rest
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine


34/47

34

DISCHARGE PLANNING

Strategy Objective Content Time frame Resources

Deep

breathing

exercises

To improve

the lung

capacity thusdecreases the

workload of

the heart

Deep Breathing Exercises

Deep breathing is a

relaxation technique that can

be self-taught. Deepbreathing releases tension

from the body and clear the

mind, improving bothphysical and mentalwellness.

We tend to breathe

shallowly or even hold ourhold our breath when we are

feeling anxious. Sometimeswe are not even aware of it.

Shallow breathing limits

your oxygen intake and addsfurther stress to your body,

creating a vicious cycle.

Breathing exercises can

break this cycle

How to do Deep BreathingExercises:

1.Sit up straight. (Do notarch your back) First exhale

completely through your

mouth.

2.Place your hands on your

stomach, just above your

waist.

2.Breathe in slowly through

your nose, pushing yourhands out with your

stomach. This ensures that

you are breathing deeply.

3.Imagine that you are

Every time

necessary

Teaching and

demonstration


35/47

35

filling your body with air

from the bottom up.

4.Hold your breath to acount of two to five, or

whatever you can handle. Itis easier to hold your breath

if you continue to hold outyour stomach.

5.Slowly and steadilybreathe out through your

mouth, feeling your hands

move back in as you slowly

contract your stomach, untilmost of the air is out.

Exhalation is a little longerthan inhalation.

6.After you get someexperience you dont need to

use your hands to check

your breathing.

You can also do the above

breathing exercise lying on

your back. Deep breathing

exercises can help you torelax before you go to sleep

for the night, or fall backasleep if you awaken in the

middle of the night.

You can also practice deep

breathing exercises standing

e.g. while sitting in traffic,

or standing in a lineup at thegrocery store. If you are

really tense and feel as if

you are holding your breath,

simply concentrate onslowly breathing in and out.


36/47

36

Strategy Objective Content Time

frame

Resources

Early

Ambulation

To improve

cardiacmuscles and

improve its

function

Safety tips for Stair Climbing

Safety and effective climbingshould be your goal for stair

climbing. The following safety

tips can help you start an

effective stair climbing regime:

Keep people informedabout stair climbing

whether at office orhome.

Always carry water orfluids with you.

Be aware of your knee

alignment as it can causea knee or ankle sprain.

Inspect the stairs before

climbing them as an

exercise.

Watch out for opening

doors at the end of thestairway.

What is the Ideal Way to

Start Stair Climbing?

Any aerobic exercise should be

started very slowly and

gradually. The ideal form of

any exercise or stair climbing

should take care of the

following:

1. 5-15 minutes of warm up

exercises are absolutely

Once a day Health teaching
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Formshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Forms


37/47

37

essential for starting

anyworkout session

2. Start climbing with gradual

slow steps.

3. You can alternate

between quicker and low step

routines andslower and deep

step routines.

4. Finally, relax and

cool yourself down.

Control the intensity of your

exercise and do not over-exert

yourself in your first and initial

attempt. Set a goal for yourself

like increasing the pace by

one flight of stair per week


Low fat

Lowsodium Diet

To avoid the

formation ofatherosclerotic

plaque

By following such diet, the

risk of heart disease,

gallbladder disease,

diabetes, and even some

forms of cancer is greatly

reduced. It is also a great

way to lose weight.

Throughout

the day

Health

teachings
http://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness/basics/difference-between-exercise-and-physical-activity.aspxhttp://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness/basics/difference-between-exercise-and-physical-activity.aspx


38/47

38

Example of a low fat low

sodium diet

Breakfast-scramble egg,

diced mushroom and red

and green peppers, oatmeal

with a sliced banana

Lunch- fresh fruits and

vegetables salad with baked

fish or chicken on top

Dinner- boiled fresh

vegetables

All you need is 30 minutes of

moderate-level physical

activity on most days of the

week. Examples of such

activities are brisk walking,

bicycling, raking leaves, and

gardening.


Moderate

active ROMexercise

To prevent

sudden onsetof rapid

heartbeat

.Range-of-

motionexercise

enhance

muscleflexibility.

All you need is 20-30 minutes

of moderate-level physical

activity on most days of the

week.

Examples of such activities are

1.Chin to chest

2. Head turns

3. Head tilts

4. Shoulder movement, up and

30 minutes

everyday

Health

teachings


39/47

39

down

5. Shoulder rotation

6. Elbow bends up and down

7. Elbow bends side to side

8. Wrist rotation

9. Palm up, palm down

10. Finger bends

11. Finger spread

12. Hip and knee bend

13. Leg movement side to side

14. Leg rotation

15. Knee rotation

16. Ankle and toe bends

17. Ankle and toe rotation


40/47

40

NURSING CARE PLAN

EXCESS FLUID VOLUME


41/47

41

INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN


42/47

42

ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE


43/47

43

ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE

SUMMARY

Some people who have cardiomyopathy have no signs or symptoms and need notreatment. For other people, the disease develops quickly, symptoms are severe, and serious

complications occur.

Treatments for cardiomyopathy include lifestyle changes, medicines, surgery, implanted

devices to correct arrhythmias, and a nonsurgical procedure. These treatments can controlsymptoms, reduce complications, and stop the disease from getting worse

Cardiomyopathy is a common disease affecting more than 1 million people around theworld. There are so many contributing factors that trigger the onset of this cardiac disease. Based

on our patient some of these factors are (age, family history, gender, and history of smoking). It

is hard to predict if the person is when he/she is going to acquire the disease. Easy fatigability


44/47

44

and cough was the symptom why the patient admits himself in the hospital for he perceives that

it was a life threatening situation for her. Diagnostics was required to determine the exact

problem and the treatment is consists of combination of medication in order for his heart tofunction on is normal. But this is not enough there should be a strict and continuous monitoring

of the patient status in order for the patient to recover faster.

RECOMMENDATION

Patient with or without a family history of cardiac disease (cardiomyopathy) should be

very cautious in terms of life style and should avoid the triggering factors that will cause thisdisease to emerge. All people is risk to having different kind of diseases how much more of those

who have a history. Therefore we recommend that everyone should be concern and be

knowledgeable about things that are needed to do. As a student nurses it is our responsibility to

enforce teachings that will maintain or at least prevent the occurrence of problem and thus it willhelp create a healthy community.

LEARNING DERIVED

Policarpio, Jeffrey S.ICU is the second rotation I had since starting my clinical duty. Compared to delivery

room, ICU is more in depth when it comes to giving patient care. Due to the time spent withpatient, I was able to develop other nursing care skills. I was able to practice my skills with

compassion due to prolonged time spent with patient.

Nursing is not just giving treatment; it is how you give care. As early as now, I am

learning to incorporate compassion with my chosen profession.

Familiarizing myself with patients chart, drug administration and utilizing differenthospital machines such as mechanical ventilator, ECG and atrial defibrillator, provided me with

understanding of nursing practice in a whole new level. With this rotation, I had gained more

awareness with the practice of infection control not just for me but especially for the patient.Patients in ICU had to deal not just with their major diagnosis but also complications. In line

with this, practicing good handwashing, masking and maintaining cleanliness, is my way of

showing I care. In my mind, if I dont practice infection control, this will expose my patients tomore medical problems mainly that their immune system is already compromised.

Delivery room is a fast paced environment. In ICU, it gives me more time to know not

just my patients medical problems but my patient as a person as well. My patients need me anddepend on me with their needs, thus, I need to show that they can count on me just to relieve

them a little bit of what they are going through. Moreover, in ICU, I need to give individualized

care which gave me the opportunity to learn more about different nursing interventions.

Critical thinking is always a part of nursing practice. My ICU experience gave me the

opportunity to practice this skill, taking into consideration the welfare of my patient, thus

showing that nurses are not just mechanical workers that move in a routine manner.Nevertheless, nurses move with precise interventions and with compassion.


45/47

45

It will always be in my mind that in my chosen career, I deal with human beings. These

human beings, sometimes needs machines to survive in ICU, but it will make a big difference ifa nurse incorporates love when using those machines with them. And for sure, the patient will

know the difference of a nurse who provides interventions just for the heck of it and a nurse who

moves with passion and care.

ROWENA P. LIGON

Being in the ICU is a challenging experience a student nurse will acquire. Having an

actual patient is very crucial part in the studies of a student nurse. This is the time of realization

that life of a person is at risk if the person that will handle that patient is not equipped with

knowledge on how to handle a patient.

Knowing the Patient that as a student nurse will provide an assessment in the ICU is a

very important step. The student nurse should know to protect the privacy and the integrity of

the patient assigned to him/her. The student nurse will not only base his/her analysis from the

questions and assessment being conduct to his assigned patient, but rather to gather all the

necessary data from other sources like the laboratory results, genogram that will support to have

accurate case study.

IRISH SANTOS

Data collection, assessment taken, is where everything must start, because if a student

nurse fail to determine the needs of the patient, there will be a failure to the speedy recovery of

his Patient. Communicating skills is also a very crucial stage of assessment for a student nurse to

be able to gain their trust you must establish rapport.

Health teaching is very necessary due to lack of knowledge to some patient. Teaching them

the importance of seeking immediate help when they feel that something is wrong to them, in

order to treat the problem immediately. We have to be cautious enough about our health to livelonger and be with our love ones.

Like the famous saying: Health is wealth. Being free from disease is to live a healthy

lifestyle. It is up to the person how they will utilize the resources around them.


46/47

46

MARY LEZ D. PERRY

Though it was my first time to be assign in the ICU I learned so many things that a

student nurse should know. Some of it was very unfamiliar to me, like the negatoscope, the

solucet, and it was my first time to observed somebody doing a sunctioning. I was able to

understand how ECG is being apply to the chest. I was I able to understand what the lines meanin the ECG result. It was my first time to administer lantus to a patient. It was a very nice

experience taking care of the patient. I was able to observe what could be a patient would ned in

the situation where in nobody want to be.

MARK OLIE B. LAYAG

Being in ICU, the first thing that comes in my mind are those patients who are in critical

condition. Having an actual patient is very crucial part in the studies of a student nurse. . I felt

very nervous because I dont know what I will expect in ICU and what are the things should be

done.

You are going to analyze an ethical conflict and come up with a course of action that is

morally defensible and medically reasonable. And assist patients and their families at time of

critical illness with respect, concern for their dignity, and careful attention to pain control and

suffering.

The most I learned is to how to prioritize the needs of the patients. On how to be attentiveon monitoring because we know that these patients need to be closely monitored because of their

situation.


47/47

47

REFERENCES

MEDICAL SURGICAL (CONCEPTS AND CLINICAL APPLICATION) 2ND

EDITION

2009JOSIE QUIAMBAO UDAN

NURSES POCKET GUIDE (DIAGNOSES INTERVENTIONS AND RATIONALES

MARILYN E. DOENGES, MARY FRANCES MOORHOUSE, ALICE C. MURR

POCKET NURSES DICTIONARYBY GUPTA

CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING VOLUME 1

RICK DANIELS, LAURA NOSEK, LESLIE NICOLL

DELMARS NURSES DRUG HANDBOOK 2010 EDITION

GEORGE r. SPRATTO, ADRIANNE l. WOODS

NURSES HANDBOOK OF HEALTH ASSESSMENT SIXTH EDITION

WILLIAM &LIPPINCOT

INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN ANATOMY 7TH

EDITION

TORTORA & DERRICKSON

Cardiomyopathy (Mary)

Documents

Transcript of Cardiomyopathy (Mary)