Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT), Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring
Cardiac investigations for acute coronary syndrome
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Transcript of Cardiac investigations for acute coronary syndrome
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So What Does It Really Mean?
Cardiac Investigation in and out of the Emergency Department
Dr Kyle KophamelSir Charles Gairdner HospitalCME 25/09/2014
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Vetrovec, 2008A little over 50 years ago, my father had a heart
attack. He was driven to the hospital by friends after having “indigestion” for 2 days. He spent 2 weeks as an inpatient on an unmonitored rehabilitation ward and was treated principally with warfarin and digitalis. He was lucky and survived, but in that era, more than 20% of patients with an acute myocardial infarction died
Improving Reperfusion in patients with Myocardial Infarction. Vetrovec. 2008
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Cardiac Investigations
History
Examination
ECG
Troponin
Exercise Stress Test
Stress ECHO
Myocardial Perfusion Scan
Stress Cardiac MRI
CT Coronary Angiogram
Coronary Angiography
AHA Scientific Statement. Testing of patients presenting to the Emergency Department with Chest Pain. Circulation July 2010. Ezra et al.
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How to interpret elevated cardiac troponin levels. Circulation 2011. Mahajan and Jarolim.
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Exercise Treadmill Test
-Smart EM. Stress Testing Summary - Fleishman MD. Podcast and Notes Summary.
-AHA Scientific Statement. Testing of patients presenting to the Emergency Department with Chest Pain. Circulation July 2010. Ezra et al. -
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Myocardial Perfusion Scan
-AHA Scientific Statement. Testing of patients presenting to the Emergency Department with Chest Pain. Circulation July 2010. Ezra et al.
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CT Coronary Angiography
-CT Angiography for Safe Discharge of patients with Possible Acute Coronary Syndromes. Litt et al. New England journal of Medicine,2012
-AHA Scientific Statement. Testing of patients presenting to the Emergency Department with Chest Pain. Circulation July 2010. Ezra et al.
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CT Coronary Angiography
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Stress Cardiac MRI
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So who goes where?Hx, Exam, ECG
Clinical Suspicion Observation vs Admission
Troponin Timing
Risk stratification TIMI National Heart Foundation HEART score EDACS - ADP
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TIMIAge >65
>3 Cardiac Risk factors
Known CAD - >50% stenosis
Elevated troponin
Aspirin use in last 7 days
>2 episodes of angina in last 24 hours
ST changes at least 0.5mm
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TIMI% risk at 14 days of all causes of mortality,
new/recurrent MI or ischaemia requiring PCI0-1 = 4.7%2 = 8.3%3 = 13.2%4 = 19.9%5 = 26.2%6-7 = 40.9%
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NHF AustraliaHigh Risk
CCU admission
Intermediate RiskProvocative testing prior to discharge
Low RiskOutpatient care
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HEART scoreHistory
ECG
Age
Risk factors
Troponin
-A prospective validation of the HEART score for chest pain patient at the emergency department. Backus et al. International journal Cardiology. 2013
-Chest pain in the emergency department: The value of the heart score. Six. Backus. Neth. Heart Journal. 2008
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Cases and DiscussionA Charlies perspective….
Accelerated diagnostic protocol.
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Take HomeRisk stratification
Gustalt and Scoring (HEART)
Safety of Accelerated of Diagnostic Protocols
Timely follow up arrangementGP vs Cardiologist