Carcass Washing: First Line of Defense on Beef Pathogen Intervention Strategies

BEEF INDUSTRY SAFETY SUMMITMarch 1-3, 2016Austin, TX

Hide – On Carcass Wash

“fecal contamination of carcasses is the primary avenue for contamination by pathogens” 9 CFR 310.25

• In vivo of a formulated alkaline detergent for HOCW• effective removal of debris from beef hides

• reduction of at least 99% (2 Logs) of the hide’s microbial load.

• Provide a reduced Na or K – based solution

• Provide a solution approved for use by the FDA (FSIS 7120 listing)

2

Value proposition

K- based Solution

• Test Method: Spray system• Temp: 25C• Distance: 4 inch• Pressure: 40 psi• Time: 15 seconds, 30 seconds• E. coli ATCC 10536 (1.59e+08 CFU/hide)

3

In vitro efficacy

Dose pH Total Alk. as KOH

Total Alk.as NaOH

1.1 oz/gal 13.2 0.38 % 0.27%

2.2 oz/gal 13.4 0.76% 0.54%

K- based Solution

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In vitro efficacy

2.6 3.0

3.6

5.0

0.0

0.5

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

15 sec 30 sec

LR v

s. in

ocul

um (C

FU/m

L)

Efficacy against E. coli

1.1 oz/gal (0.38% alk) 2.2 oz/gal (0.76% Alk) Tap Water

• Test Method: Spray system• Temp: 25C• Distance: 4 inch• Pressure: 40 psi• Time: 30 seconds• Interfering substances: 1 gr

Manure• Microorganisms:, E. coli ATCC

10536 (4.62e+05 CFU/hide)

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(A) Before and (B) after treatment

A

B

In vitro efficacyReduced - Na based Solution

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In vitro efficacy

Dose pH Total Alk. as NaOH

0.5 oz/gal 12.07 0.19%

1.0 oz/gal 12.51 0.36%

Reduced - Na based Solution

2.1

2.9

0.5

0.8

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

30 sec

LR v

s. in

ocul

um (C

FU/m

L)

Efficacy against E. coli in the presence of manure

0.5 oz/gal (0.19% Alkalinity) 1oz/gal (0.36% Alkalinity) Tap water 50% Casutic

Reduced - Na based Solution

• Commercial HOCW cabinet• Temp: Room temperature• Pressure: 200 - 600 psi• Time: <10 seconds• Duration: 1 week each • Time of year: Spring (APC)

Fall (Coliforms)• Lots sampled: 10 lots (APC) and 4 lots (Coliforms)• Samples per lot: 10 pre and 10 post HOCW• Sampling sites:

• Breast bone area swab samples• Prior to HOCW Cabinet (1)• ca. 2 min post HOCW Cabinet (2)• 10 x 10 cm2

• Enumeration:• APC (MPN/area)• Coliforms (CFU/area)

• Product: pH 12 – 13; 1 – 1.5 oz/gal; 0.2 – 0.6% alkalinity as NaOH

7

Field Trials

2

1

8

Field Trials

2.7 2.9

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

LR A

PC (

MPN

/100

cm

2 )

Time of day comparison

Day 1 Day 2

• There were no significant differences in APC LR between test days.

Reduced - Na based Solution

9

Field Trials

3.13.5

2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.4

3.4

2.4 3.1

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

LR A

PC (M

PN/1

00 c

m2 )

Cattle Lot Comparison

Lot 1

Lot 2

Lot 3

Lot 4

Lot 5

Lot 6

Lot 7

Lot 8

Lot 9

Lot 10

AM AM

PM

• There was no significant differences in APC LR between lots.

• There was no significant differences in APC LR between time of the day for each lot

PM

Reduced - Na based Solution

10

Field Trials

2.0 1.6 1.9 1.9

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

LR C

olifo

rms

(CFU

/100

cm2 )

Lot and Time Comparison

Lot 1

Lot 2

Lot 3

Lot 4

AM

• There was no significant differences in APC LR between lots.

• There was no significant differences in APC LR between time of the day for each lot.

PM

Reduced - Na based Solution

11

Field Trials

APC (n=100)MPN/100cm2

Coliform (n=40)CFU/100cm2

Before treatment 1.6x108 (A) 2.5 x 104 (A)

After treatment 2.5x105 (B) 7.9 x 101 (B)

Average LR ± StDev 2.8 ± 0.85 2.5 ± 0.16

p (T-test) 1 x 10 -27 1 x 10 -23

(A), (B) Within each column, means with different superscripts are statistically different (p<0.01).

Reduced - Na based Solution

Over 99% reduction in both total and coliform counts.

Sodium Impact

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Product 50% Caustic Reduced Na Formula

K- based Formula

Active alkalinity (as % NaOH) 50.50% 41.30% 30.72%

% Na in formula 28.75% 24.01% 0.21%

lb of Na / gal of product 3.6598 2.8582 0.0257

Na reduction / gal of product used --- 22% 99%

Conclusions

• It is possible to consistently and significantly reduce microbial load and soil level with current HOCW cabinets.

• Microbial reduction is independent of soiling level.

• There are commercial solutions available that:• Maintain hide integrity• Have positive environmental impact with reductions in sodium

discharge & chemical use• Effectively remove soil and reduce microbial load

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