CARBON FIBER & IT’s APPLICATIONS

Submitted To -

Mr. ABHISHEK KUMAR GHOSH

Assistant Professor

Submitted By –

Pritam Bhowmick (13.02.08.061)

Sahriar Rahman Tanvir (12.02.08.062)

Shahed Anwer Tanmoy(12.02.08.032)

S.M. Ashik Abir Orup(13.01.08.050)

Topics to be narrated

• Composite Material?

• What is Carbon Fiber?

• Making of Carbon Fiber

• Precursors

• PAN

• PITCH

• Properties

• Applications

• Carbon Fiber markets

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Discussions

• References

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

What is Carbon Fiber ?

• Composed of carbon atoms bonded together to form a long chain.

• A super strong material that's also extremely lightweight.

• Five times stronger than steel , Two times stiffer , and about Two-Third times less in weight.

Carbon Fiber

• Thin strands of carbon- even thinner than human hair.

• Strands can be twisted together, like yarn- can be woven together, like cloth extremely lightweight.

How is Carbon Fiber Made?

• Production from two sources -:

• Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)

• Pitch

The raw material used to make carbon fiber is called the precursor.

Precursors

PAN

PAN Filament

PITCH

PITCH Filament

In General Carbon fiber are produced in three processing stages:

• 1. Stabilization

• 2. Carbonization

• 3. Graphitization

PAN

• In the stabilization stage, the PAN fibers are first stretched to align the febrile networks within each fiber axis, and they are oxidized in air at about 200 to 220C while held in tension.

• In carbonization the stabilized PAN-based fibers are pyrolyzed (heated) until they become transformed into carbon fibers by the elimination of O,H & N from the precursor fiber.

• The carbonization heat treatment is usually carried out in inert atmosphere in the 1000 to 1500C range. During the carbonization process, turbostratic graphite like fibrils or ribbons are formed within each fiber that greatly increase the tensile strength of the material.

• In the third stage , or graphitization treatment is used if an increase in the modulus of the elasticity is desired at the expense of high tensile strength. During Graphitization, which is carried out above about 1800C , the preferred orientation of the graphite like crystallites within each fiber is increased.

• Carbon fiber are produced from Pitch precursor as well.

• Production of carbon fiber is initiate by process known as polymerization , when pitch is heated at 300C, several carbon aromatic rings chain combines with Each other & generate stable sheet type 2-D structure which is known as miso-phase of pitch.

• This meso-phase of pitch is now wrapped around spinner while passing

through die the miso-phase will aligned in the filament direction.

Pitch

PROPERTIES

• Carbon fiber has very high tensile strength.

• It has low thermal expansion.

• It is a light weight material having low density.

• It is a good conductor of electricity.

• It can wear a high resistance.

Carbon Fibers vs. Steel

• Up to 75% lighter

• More durable/corrosion-free

• 3 times higher tensile strength

• 2 times higher stiffness

• Higher temperature tolerance

APPLICATIONSAeronautical Industry

• It is mostly used in the aerospace and aircraft industries.

Automobile Industry

• Automotive body is also made up of the carbon fiber(Bonnet, bumper, engine cover, Car Body parts etc.)

Sports Industry

• It is used in making sports equipment such as light weight badminton rackets, golf stick etc.

Civil Engineering

• It is also used in civil engineering

Medical Field

• Robot for internal operations

• Medical instruments

Power Plant Field

• Constructing up of wind mill blades.

Other Industry

• It is used for building and construction material.

• Rechargeable batteries and fuel cell electrodes.

• Portable powers.

Carbon Fiber Markets

ADVANTAGES

• It has long working life.

• It’s density is less than density of steel.

• It is insensitive to change in temperature.

• It’s properties is much better than any of the other metals.

• It’s compressive strength is greater than all the reinforcing material.

DISADVANTAGES

• It is very costly.

• It is little bit harmful for the human body as it cause some form of cancer of the lungs.

DISCUSSION

REFRENCES

• www.eisenmann.com/...CarbonFiber.../Eisenmann_CarbonFiber_en.pdf

• http://www.slideshare.net/ranasajjad484/carbon-fiber1

• http://www.dragonplate.com/sections/technology.asp

• http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-gets-first-carbon-fibre-plant/616481/