Carbon Dioxide Dr. Reid B. Grigg New Mexico Petroleum Recovery Research Center New Mexico Institute...
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Carbon Dioxide Dr. Reid B. Grigg New Mexico Petroleum Recovery Research Center New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, New Mexico
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Transcript of Carbon Dioxide Dr. Reid B. Grigg New Mexico Petroleum Recovery Research Center New Mexico Institute...
Carbon Dioxide
Dr. Reid B. Grigg
New Mexico Petroleum Recovery Research CenterNew Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Socorro, New Mexico
CO2 has been receiving a lot of publicity as of late, mostly bad PR.
Let’s get to know this compound better.
CO2 is a vital compound for natural processes, but can create havoc with nature as well.
The following will be covered briefly:
Properties/Phase Behavior
Solubility/Extraction
Swelling
Density
Viscosity
CO2 Sequestration Volume Estimates
Properties of Carbon Dioxide
Molecular Weight = 44.01 g/molCritical Pressure = 1071 psia (7.38 MPa)Critical Temperature = 87.9 F (31.1 C)Critical Density = 0.469 g/cc
P-T Phase Diagram for Carbon Dioxide (Wikipedia)
Critical point
P-T Phase Diagram for Carbon Dioxide (Wikipedia)
Critical point
Where we live
P-T Phase Diagram for Carbon Dioxide (Wikipedia)
Critical point
Where we live
World of geologicSequestration
D-P Phase Diagram for Carbon Dioxide (Wikipedia)
Critical point
P-T Phase Diagram for Carbon Dioxide (Wikipedia)
Critical point
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0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.85phase change
Gas
Liquid
Supercritical
Critical point
Constant density [g/cm3] indicated
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0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.85phase change
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Liquid
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Critical point
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Pres
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0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.85phase change
Gas
Liquid
Supercritical
Critical point
Constant density [g/cm3] indicated
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sure
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0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.85phase change
Gas
Liquid
Supercritical
Critical point
Constant density [g/cm3] indicated
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Temperature [F]
Pres
sure
[psi
a] .
0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.85phase change
Gas
Liquid
Supercritical
Critical point
Constant density [g/cm3] indicated
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70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Temperature [F]
Pres
sure
[psi
a] .
0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.85phase change
Gas
Liquid
Supercritical
Critical point
Constant density [g/cm3] indicated
CO2 density versus pressure at temperatures from 40-140 F
Effects of density/volume/phase changes
Injection Production Facilities
Pipelines Compressors Booster pumps Etc
Three phases in CO2/oil micromodel tests.
Properties/Phase Behavior
Solubility/Extraction
Swelling
Density
Viscosity CO2 Sequestration Volume
Estimates
Equilibrium Constant
Ki = yi
-------- xi
For a two phase vapor/liquid systemyi = mole fraction of component i in the vapor phasexi = mole fraction of component i in the liquid phase
Water-CO2 Density
Properties/Phase Behavior
Solubility/Extraction
Swelling
Density
Viscosity CO2 Sequestration Volume
Estimates
Oil-CO2 Density
Properties/Phase Behavior
Solubility/Extraction
Swelling
Density
Viscosity CO2 Sequestration Volume
Estimates
Oil-CO2 Density
Oil-CO2 Density
Oil-CO2 Density
Oil-CO2 Density
Water-CO2 Density
Properties/Phase Behavior
Solubility/Extraction
Swelling
Density
Viscosity CO2 Sequestration Volume
Estimates
Properties/Phase Behavior
Solubility/Extraction
Swelling
Density
Viscosity CO2 Sequestration Volume
Estimates
Volume Estimates• 88 Permian Basin reservoirs have a
total pore volume of about 10 x109 m3 (61 billion barrels).
• Using a conservative displacement efficiency and CO2 retention, 12% of the pore volume (1.2 x 109 m3) estimated for potential CO2 storage or ~ 1 x 109 tonnes).
• ~1 x 109 tonnes possible storage.
CH2 +(1.5)O2 = CO2 + H2OOil (~44/14 = 3.14)
CH4 +(2)O2 = CO2 + (2)H2OMethane (44/16 = 2.75)
CH +(1.25)O2 = CO2 + (0.5)H2OCoal (~44/13 = 3.38)
Production of CO2 from Hydrocarbons (Mole Wt. CO2/Mole Wt. Hydrocarbon)
For example if the worldwide oil production is 12 x 106 m3/d
(15 x 106 m3/d [5.5 x 109 m3/yr] reservoir volume assuming a FVF of 1.25)
Assume density of hydrocarbon = 800 kg/m3
(specific gravity of 0.8)
Crude production ~ 4.4 x 109 tonnes/yr)
CO2 production ~ 13.8 x 109 tonnes/yr(thus 1 billon tonnes storage is ~ one month of world
production)
Conclusions Being a Supercritical fluid in and of itself is not necessarily significant.
Many of the properties of CO2 are dependent on temperature and pressure. The most significant property is the density of CO2.
Understand the different properties of CO2
and then you can predict what will happen under your system conditions.
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CO2 methane ethane
Gas
SC
F of
Gas
@ S
TP/B
BL
H2O
.
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Temperature [C]
Pres
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[MPa
] .
0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.85phase change
GAS
Liquid
Super-Critical
Temperature
- T -(oC)
Density- ρ -(kg/m3)
Liquid Specific Heat Capacity- cp -(kJ/kg K)
Temperature- T -(C)
Gas Specific heat capacity- cp -(kJ/kgK)
-50 1156 1.84
-40 1118 1.88 -73 0.735
-30 1077 1.97 -48 0.763
-20 1032 2.05 -23 0.791
-10 983 2.18 2 0.819
0 927 2.47 27 0.846
10 860 3.14 84 0.871
20 773 5.0
30 598 36.4
Carbon Dioxide specific heat capacity for liquid and gas. (Joule-Thomson effect).
